JENIS ANALISIS
• Analisis Horisontal
• Analisis Vertikal
• Analisis Common Size
• Analisis Ratio
• Analisis Du-Pont
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ANALISIS HORISONTAL
3
Analisis Horizontal
4
ANALISIS VERTIKAL
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Common Size
Assets
7
J. Holmes, Attorney-at-Law
Income Statements
For the Years Ended December 31, 2005 and 2006
2006 2005
Amount Percent Amount Percent
Fees earned $187,500 100.0% $150,000
100.0%
Operating expenses:
Wages expense $60,000 32,0% $45,000
30.0%
Rent expense 15,000 8,0% 12,000
8.0%
Utilities expense 12,500 6,7% 9,000
6.0%
Supplies expense 2,700 1,4% 3,000
2.0%
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Analisis Rasio
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Tujuan Analisis Rasio
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Logika dibalik Ratio Analysis
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Jenis Analisis Rasio
• Analisis likuiditas
• Analisis aktivitas / pemanfaatan aktiva
• Analisis tingkat hutang (leverage / solvabilitas)
• Analisis profitabilitas / rentabilitas
• Dupont
• Analisis pasar
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13
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14
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Comparative Statements
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Comparative Statements
Lanjutan
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Comparative Statements
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Analisis Likuiditas
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Rasio Likuiditas
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Net Working capital
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Current Ratio
22
Current Ratio
Current $62,000
= = 1.59 : 1
Ratio
$39,000
Dua aktiva yang sangat mempengaruhi adalah piutang dan
persediaan. Untuk itu perlu jika dilakukan analisa mengenai
kualitas piutang dan persediaan perusahaan
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Quick Ratio (Acid Test)
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Quick Ratio (Acid Test)
Quick $50,000
= = 1.28 : 1
Ratio $39,000
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Cash Ratio
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Cash Ratio
Cash $30,000
= = 0.769 : 1
Ratio $39,000
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Rasio Aktivitas
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Receivable Turnover
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Receivable Turnover
Receivable $494,000
= = 26.70 times
Turnover ($20,000 + $17,000) ÷ 2
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Average Age of Receivables
Receivable Turnover
sebesar 26.70 kali.
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Average Age of Receivables
32
Inventory Turnover
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Inventory Turnover
Inventory $140,000
= = 12.73 times
Turnover ($12,000 + $10,000) ÷ 2
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Average Days’ Supply in Inventory
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Average Days’ Supply in Inventory
Average Days’
365
Supply in = = 28.67 days
Inventory 12.73
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Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio
Fixed
Net Sales Revenue
Asset =
Turnover Average Net Fixed Assets
Fixed
$494,000
Asset = = 1.826
Turnover ($288,000 + $253,000) ÷ 2
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Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio
Fixed
Net Sales Revenue
Asset =
Turnover Average Net Fixed Assets
38
Total Asset Turnover Ratio
Total
Net Sales Revenue
Asset =
Turnover Average Total Assets
39
Total Asset Turnover Ratio
Total
Net Sales Revenue
Asset =
Turnover Average Total Assets
Total
$494,000
Asset = = 1.52
Turnover ($350,000 + $300,000) ÷ 2
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Operating Cycle
Siklus
Average collection period +
usaha =
Average age of inventory
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Cash Conversion Cycle
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Kebutuhan Working capital
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Rasio Solvabilitas / Leverage
44
Times Interest Earned
45
Cash Coverage
46
Debt/Equity Ratio
47
Debt Ratio
Total Liabilities
Debt Ratio =
Total Asset
$72,000
Debt Ratio = = 0,2057
$350,000
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Rasio profitabilitas
49
Gross Profit Margin
50
Profit Margin
51
Profit Margin
52
Return on Owners’ Investment
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Return on Total Investment
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Return on Total Investment
56
Financial Leverage
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Financial Leverage
Financial
= 25.70% – 20.34% = 5.36%
Leverage
58
Earnings per Share (EPS)
Income
EPS =
Average Number of Shares of
Common Stock Outstanding
59
Earnings per Share (EPS)
Income
EPS =
Average Number of Shares of
Common Stock Outstanding
$64,000
EPS = = $2.88
(27,400 + 17,000) ÷ 2
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Quality of Income
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Quality of Income
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Quality of Income
63
Rasio pasar
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Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio
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Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio
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Dividend Yield Ratio
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Dividend Yield Ratio
68
Rasio lainnya
69
Book Value per Share
70
Book Value per Share
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Deviden Payout ratio
Deviden $2,5
= = 0.868
Payout 2,88
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DUPONT
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The DuPont Model
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The DuPont Model
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The DuPont System
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The DuPont System
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DU-PONT SYSTEMS
Divided Devided
Sales Into Net Income Total Assets Into Sales
Subtracted
Total Costs Sales Fixed Assets Plus Current Assets
From
General and
Account
Depreciation Administrative Equipment Vehicle Inventory
Receivable
Expense
Extraordinary
Taxes
Expense
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The DuPont System
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RETURN ON EQUITY
Extended Du-Pont
DIVIDED
RETURN ON INVESTMENT(ROI) BY 1-DEBT RATIO
Divided Devided
Sales Into Net Income Total Assets Into Sales
Subtracted
Total Costs Sales Fixed Assets Plus Current Assets
From
General and
Account
Depreciation Administrative Equipment Vehicle Inventory
Receivable
Expense
Extraordinary
Taxes
Expense
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Extended DuPont
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Operating Profitability Ratios
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Analisis komponen
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Intepretasi rasio
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Book Value vs. True Value
LK tidak merefleksikan prospek perusahaan dalam
lingkungan bisnis
– LK = gambaran masa lalu tidak berorientasi masa depan
LK memiliki keterbatasan turunan
– LK mengabaikan beberapa informasi historis dan informasi
terkini (human resources dan efek inflasi).
Manajemen menyajikan LK dengan bias (menyesatkan)
– Sering memilih metode akuntansi dan estimasi agar
keliahatan baik
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Keterbatasan Informasi Akuntansi Keuangan
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Keterbatasan Analisis Ratio
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Keterbatasan
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Ringkasan Financial Ratios
• Ratios membantu:
– Evaluasi kinerja
– Analisis struktur modal dan aktiva
– Menunjukkan hubungan antara aktivitas dan kinerja
• Benchmark dengan
– Masa lalu perusahaan
– Industri
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Ratios
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Ratios
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Ratios
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Ratios
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Latihan soal
• Below are selected ratios for three companies which operate in three
different industries: Discount Retail Store, Drug, Utility.
Industry A B C
C O G S/Sales 80% 58% n/a
R & D / Sales 0% 7% 0.1%
A dvertising/Sales not defined 3% 0.1%
Interest/Sales 0.9% 1% 6%
N et Incom e/Sales 2.5% 10% 10%
R eturn on A ssets 8.5% 10.6% 7.2%
Inventory Turnover 5.5 4 n/a
A ccounts R eceivable Turnover 100 6 9
Long-term D ebt/Equity 60% 50% 92%
n/a = not applicable
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Latihan 1
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Latihan 2
RGB, Inc.'s purchases during the year were $100,000. The balance
sheet shows an average accounts payable balance of $12,000.
RGB's payables payment period is closest to:
A. 37 days.
B. 44 days.
C. 52 days.
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Latihan 3
• RGB, Inc.'s income statement shows sales of $1,000, cost of goods sold of
$400, pre-interest operating expense of $300, and interest expense of $100.
RGB's interest coverage ratio is closest to:
A. 2 times.
B. 3 times.
C. 4 times.
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Latihan 4
RGB, Inc. has a net profit margin of 12%, a total asset turnover of
1.2 times, and a financial leverage multiplier of 1.2 times. RGB's
return on equity is closest to:
A. 12.0%.
B. 14.2%.
C. 17.3%.
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Latihan 5
A firm has a dividend payout ratio of 40%, a net profit margin of 10%,
an asset turnover of 0.9 times, and a financial leverage multiplier of
1.2 times. The firm's sustainable growth rate is closest to:
A. 4.3%.
B. 6.5%.
C. 8.0%.
99
Latihan
You have been provided the following information about High
Inc.
(in thousands of dollars) 2004 2005
Current Assets $ 158 $ 163
Long Term Assets $ 453 $ 502
Current Liabilities $ 102 $ 143
Long Term Liabilities $ 302 $ 348
Net Income $ 32 $ 42
Working Capital for 2004 is:
A) $56,000.
B) $20,000
C) $151,000
D) $207,000
100
Latihan
You have been provided the following information about High
Inc.
(in thousands of dollars) 2004 2005
Current Assets $ 158 $ 163
Long Term Assets $ 453 $ 502
Current Liabilities $ 102 $ 143
Long Term Liabilities $ 302 $ 348
Net Income $ 32 $ 42
Owner’s Equity for 2005 is:
A) $20,000
B) $154,000
C) $174,000.
D) $207,000
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Latihan
You have been provided the following information about High Inc.
(in thousands of dollars) 2004 2005
Current Assets $ 158 $ 163
Long Term Assets $ 453 $ 502
Current Liabilities $ 102 $ 143
Long Term Liabilities $ 302 $ 348
Net Income $ 32 $ 42
Current Ratio for 2004 is:
A) 1.55.
B) 1.51
C) 1.50
D) 1.14
102
Latihan
You have been provided the following information about High
Inc.
(in thousands of dollars) 2004 2005
Current Assets $ 158 $ 163
Long Term Assets $ 453 $ 502
Current Liabilities $ 102 $ 143
Long Term Liabilities $ 302 $ 348
Net Income $ 32 $ 42
Return on Common Equity for 2005 is:
A) 15.46%
B) 24.14%
C) 16.79%
D) 22.04%.
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Latihan
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Latihan
105
Latihan
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