MANAJEMEN BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN

Dr. Supono, S.Pi., M.Si.

 PRINSIP DASAR BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN
KESEIMBANGAN YANG DINAMIS
(DINAMIKA DALAM STABILITAS)

* AGEN-AGEN KULTIVAN * POIKILOTHERMAL

HAMA DAN * SIFAT GENETIS
PENYAKIT PENYAKIT
* TREATMENT * DAYA RESISTENSI
DAN * LAJU PERTUMBUHAN
KONTROL * ADAPTASI

LINGKUNGAN

* KUALITAS AIR TANAH

ECOLOGICAL
- fisika
- kimiawi
BALANCE
- biologi/pakan alami
* PAKAN BUATAN (jumlah dan kualitas)
* Culture MANAGEMENT
- padat penebaran
- feeding management
- water quality management
* DESIGN & KONSTRUKSI
 BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN
SEBAGAI SUATU SYSTEMS
MASUKAN PROSES KELUARAN
PAKAN ALAMI DAN
PAKAN BUATAN
* Maksimasi Pertumbuhan
BIBIT/BENIH - effisiensi
BERKUALITAS - kebutuhan nutrisi PRODUK BUDIDAYA
- manipulasi stok & lingk.
(marketable product)
Hidup
- ukuran
* Alami & Hatchery * Minimalisasi mortalitas
- rasa
* Manipulasi Reproduksi - abiotik faktor
- tekstur
(Teknologi Pembenihan) - penyakit
- nutrisi
- penampilan ( appearance)
- pembuahan buatan
- manipulosi endokrin - predator - nilai nutrisi
- pengaturan pemijahan
* Pemuliaan & rekayasa
genetik

INTENSITAS - minimalisasi limbah buangan

TEHNOLOGI PRODUKSI ( padat / cair )
Extensive, semi intensive * Feeding management
dan intensive * Water quality management
Padat penebaran, strategi * Fish health management
& tatacara pemberian
pakan, pengelolaan kualitas
air
 FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI
KEBERHASILAN USAHA BUDIDAYA

EFISIENSI
HARGA BIAYA
PRODUKSI
PRODUKSI DAN
PEMASARAN

PADAT PENEBARAN KUALITAS PRODUK

PUPUK DAN MAKANAN (PASCA PANEN) KONSTRUKSI
•
TAMBAHAN UKURAN • TANAH
AERASI, POLA GANDA WAKTU PANEN TEPAT
STOK MANIPULASI
• PENGADAAN AIR
KESUKAAN KONSUMEN • PAKAN
KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP
PASAR (DN / LN) • PUPUK
TEPAT PADAT PENEBARAN
TEPAT PAKAN • BENIH
(KUALITAS DAN KUANTITAS) • TENAGA KERJA
TEPAT KUALITAS AIR • PASCA PANEN
TEPAT CEGAH PENYAKIT
DAN HAMA (PREDATOR)
LAJU PERTUMBUHAN
BIBIT / BENUR UNGGUL PROCESSING
PAKAN
LINGKUNGAN HIDUP PENGAWETAN
(Tº, S‰, pH, dll)
 Rekayasa Tehnologi untuk Peningkatan
Produksi dalam Budidaya Perairan
Peningkatan Produksi

Manipulasi Manipulasi Manipulasi

Laju Pertumbuhan Padat Penebaran Kelangsungan Hidup
( Growth rate) (Stocking (Survival Rate)
Density)

Peningkatan kualitas
benih (benih unggul)
* seleksi induk
* pemuliaan & genetik
manipulasi
* Hybridisasi
* Gynogenesis dan Polyplaidy
* Strategi dan manajemen
pemberian pakan :
* Kualitas pakan
(Kualitas sehari-hari)
* Jumlah dan Frekuensi
* Metoda / Teknik
* Optimasi Media Budidaya
* Pengelolaan Kualitas Air
* Air Deras
* Resirkulasi
* Biofilter
* Konstruksi Desain
Stock Manipulasi Manajemen Teknik Produksi
* Ukuran Stock * Tepat Seleksi Bibit
* Sama * Tepat Penebaran
* Tepat Tatacara
* Berbeda
Pemberian pakan :
* Pola Ganda
- Kualitas & Kuantitas
* Aerasi :
* Tepat Pengelola
* Kincir Air
Kualitas air
* Jet Air O2
* Tepat Pemberantas hama
* Pemupukan dan Makanan Dan Penyakit
Tambahan * Tepat Eradikasi predator
dan kompetitas
* Tepat Pemupukan
KOMODITAS UNGGULAN DALAM
AKUAKULTUR

6
Teknologi Akuakultur

Replicable

Reasonable

Measureable

Predictable
Environmental
friendly
 CURRENT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
Fish Breeding Tech:
Post Harvest Tech: • Domestication
• Quality assurance • Maturation
• Value added • Spawning
• Selective breeding

Fish Farming Tech: Growth out Broodstock

• Good aq. practice
• Health manag.
• Feed manag.
• Site Selection &
• Holding systems
Fingerling/Fry Eggs/Hatching

Larvi Culture Tech:

Nursery Tech:
• Biological dev’t
• Quality indicator
• Early feeding
• Vaccine dev’t
• Feeding regime
•Two-phase system
• Rearing manag.
•Three-phase system
 Research Issues/Needs
 Breeding and genetic
improvement
 Health management (effectively
combat emerging diseases)
 Feed development (quality, safe
feeds and efficient)
 Environmental management
 Holding systems development
 PRESENT STATUS OF RESEARCH FOR FISH BREEDING

Genetic Genetic >2 generations Captive bred Wild caught Wild caught
Improvement Management. Captive bred broodstock broodstock seed
Broodstock Improvement
Research is focus on production of
good quality of seeds

 Where genetically clean

(SPF),
Strong or Healthy
 Fast growing and resistant to
diseases (SPR)
Linkage gene for marker assist selection
 Diseases
Research focus on:
Development of molecular probe
for early detection and a rapid
respond of viral diseases such as:
WSSV,TSV,IHHNV, IMNV,
NHPV, VNN, Irido virus.
Cost-effective method of
controlling certain infectious
diseases
Development of Probiotic and
Vaccine (No antibiotic use)
Development of standards health
management
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Research Focus on:
 Site selection. Land capability assessment and
classification
for suitable pond based and cages aquaculture system

 Develop reliable monitoring and management tools of

aquaculture environment (Planning Tool)

 Promote the application of environmentally friendly

aquaculture technology to remediate deterioration in water
quality due to intensification.


 Holding System
 Develop close-
recirculation system
hatchery for
producing of clean,
healthy and strong
seeds
 Design cages for
offshore marine
finfish
 Round pond
 OPPORTUNITIES
To identifying opportunities, is useful to see six general
development trends of aquaculture in Indonesia:
1. Continuing in/ex-tensification of aquaculture production
2. Continuing diversification of species use
3. Continuing diversification of production system and practices
4. Increasing influence of markets, trade and consumers
5. Enhancing regulation and improving governance
6. Increasing attention on better management practices

In support of the above trends four areas of opportunities

have been identified:
a. Application of innovative capacity enhancement program
b. Search for new technologies
c. Development of new aquatic products, markets and integration into eco-
tourism sector
d. Development of new financial product
 RESEARCH PRIORITY
Best Aquaculture Practices for shrimp
 Sustainable Technology
 Low water exchange
system
 Closed pond system
 Zero water exchange
(Heterotrophic -bacteria
floc) system
 Environmental Friendly
 Reservoirs
 Sedimentations
 No chemicals or anti-
biotics
 Mangrove conservation
 Inland shrimp culture
 Strict Bio-security
 Traceability
 Integrated system (Social
& Technical)
BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN PESISIR