Divisi Psikosomatis
Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam RSMH
GANGGUAN PSIKOSOMATIK
Ilmu
Kedokteran
Somatis
Ilmu Psikologi
Sigmund Freud dkk kelainan somatis dapat
disebabkan oleh kelainan psikis. Transformasi psikis-fisik
dinamakan konversi histeri.
1. Dimensi bio-organik
2. Dimensi psiko-edukatif
3. Dimensi sosio-kultural
4. Dimensi spiritual
1. Dimensi Bio-organik
Hubungan Dokter-Pasien
Therapeutic relationship, Kepercayaan pasien-dokter
Ventilasi
Memberi kesempatan mengutarakan konflik dan isi
hatinya Puas, lega & mengurangi ketegangannya.
Re-edukasi
Memberi keyakinan & pengertian tentang sebab
penyakitnya, sambil memperbaiki pendapat yg salah
Agama
Melihat masalah dari sudut agama dan penyelesaian
nya secara agama
3. Dimensi Sosio-Kultural
Kapasitas adaptasi
Pertanyaan :
1.Kemungkinan diagnosis pada pasien ini adalah :
A.Inflamatory Bowel Disease (IBD) yang kronik dan
sulit disembuhkan.
B.Sindrom Kolon Iritabel disertai gangguan cemas.
C.Kolitis ulseratif disertai gangguan cemas.
D.Sindroma Kolon Iritabel disertai depresi.
E.Inflamatori Bowel Disease (IBD) disertai depresi.
CASE 2
2. Dua usul pemeriksaan penunjang yang tepat dan perlu
diusulkan pada pasien diatas adalah :
A. Pemeriksaan darah samar pada faeses dan USG pada
abdomen.
B. Pemeriksaan bakteri atau amuba pada faeses dan USG
abdomen.
C. Pemeriksaan kolonoskopi dan biakan kuman dari faeses
D. Pemeriksaan colon in loop (barium enema) dan foto
polos abdomen.
E. Pemeriksaan USG abdomen dan foto polos abdomen
CASE 2
4
CASE 2
Ortostatik
Phenothiazines Thioxanthines
Chlorpromazine Thorazine Chlorprothixene Taractan
Triflupromazine Vesprine Thiothixene Navane
Mesoridazine Serentil Loxapine Loxitane
Thioridazine Mellaril
Acetophenazine Tindal Dihydroindolones
Perphenazine Trilafon Molindone Moban
Trifluoperazine Stelazine
Fluphenazine Prolixin Butyrophenones
Haloperidol Haldol
Droperidol Inapsine
Psychotropic Medications
Atypical Agents
Clozapine
Indicated for schizophrenia not responsive to standard agents
Pt’s suffering severe EPS
Tardive dyskinesia
Side effects
Agranulocytosis
Strongly sedating
Hypotension
Can cause seizures
Respiratory depression/arrest
Psychotropic Medications
Atypical Agents (cont.)
Risperidone
Serotonin/dopamine antagonist
Low risk of EPS
Side effects
Sedation,insomnia, constipation, weight gain
Hypotension, QT prolongation
Overdose sx reflect increased side effects
Psychotropic Medications
Atypical Agents (cont.)
Olanzapine
Zyprexa – little or no EPS.
Side effects include substantial weight gain
Quetiapine
Seroquel
Side effects include sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and
dizziness
Psychotropic Medications
Commonly Used Benzodiazepines
Anxiolytics - Alprazolam Xanax
Benzodiazepines Chlorazepate Tranxene
Indications Chlordiazepoxide Librium
Severe emotional distress Diazepam Valium
Acute panic reactions Lorazepam Ativan
Anxiety/agitation during Midazolam Versed
psychosocial crisis Oxazepam Serax
Non-psychiatric uses
Prazepam Centrax
Seizure control
Hypnotics
Muscle relaxation
Treating withdrawal Flurazepam Dalmane
Temazepam Restoril
Triazolam Halcion
Psychotropic Medications
Anxiolytics (cont.)
Side effects
Drowsiness, decreased mentation
Sedation, ataxia
Decreased respiratory effort
Effects can be reversed with Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Psychotropic Medications
Heterocyclic Antidepressants
Indicated for major depression
Also effective for
Dysthymic disorder
Panic disorder
Agoraphobia
Obsessive compulsive
Enuresis
School phobia
Psychotropic Medications
Heterocyclic Antidepressants (cont.)
Side effects – common even w/ therapeutic doses
Anticholinergic
Cardiotoxic
T wave changes
Prolonged QT
AV block
Ventricular dysrhythmias
Orthostatic hypotension
Psychotropic Medications
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Increase nor epi and serotonin in the CNS
Used for atypical major depression
Hyperphagia
Hypersomnolence
Emotional lability
Rejection hypersensitivity
Side effects
May precipitate a manic episode
Potentiate sympathomimetics, oral hypoglycemics and
anticholinergics
May precipitate hypertensive crisis
Psychotropic Medications
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s)
Indicated for depression
Prozac, Paxil, Luvox, Zoloft
Side effects
Relatively rare
Serotonin syndrome may occur
CNS and GI irritability
Psychotropic Medications
Combination antidepressants
Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Combination tricyclic/SSRI
Side effects
Hypertension
Discontinuation syndrome
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Lowest incidence for sexual side effects
Inhibits reuptake of nor epi and dopamine
Psychotropic Medications
Combination antidepressants
Nefazodone (Serzone)
Blocks serotonin receptors
Typically used for post depression insomnia
Side effects rare
Mirtazapine (Remeron)
Increases release of nor epi and serotonin
Less side effects that SSRI’s
Psychotropic Medications
Mood Stabilizers
Lithium
Indicated for acute mania and maintenance therapy in bipolar
disorder
Also effective for other ‘explosive’ disorders and self mutilation
Side effects/toxicity
Neurologic symptoms progressive
Hypotension, dysrhythmias, cardiovascular collapse
Treatment is supportive with forced diuresis
Psychotropic Medications
Mood Stabilizers
Lithium
Indicated for acute mania and maintenance therapy in bipolar
disorder
Also effective for other ‘explosive’ disorders and self mutilation
Side effects/toxicity
Neurologic symptoms progressive
Hypotension, dysrhythmias, cardiovascular collapse
Treatment is supportive with forced diuresis