KULIAH KE 3

PERKEMBANGAN KONSEP
TEKNOLOGI PENDIDIKAN

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FAKTA, KONSEP, PRINSIP, TEORI, ILMU,
PENGETAHUAN
Fakta Konsep

Prinsip Teori

Ilmu Pengetahuan

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 PENGERTIAN KONSEP

SETIAP KONSEP DIWAKILI OLEH SUATU ISTILAH AGAR

MUDAH DI KOMUNIKASIKAN

ISTILAH ITU MENUNJUKKAN GAGASAN TERTENTU DAN

MEWAKILI ACUAN TERTENTU

GAGASAN JUGA MERUJUK PADA ACUAN ATAU

INDIKATOR

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 SEGITIGA ACUAN
(TRIANGLE OF REFERENCE)

Gagasan

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ka

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j uk

er u
un

juk
en
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Istilah Mewakili Acuan

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 DEFINISI KONSEP
DEFINISI KONOTATIF
 MENGHUBUNGKAN/MENJELASKAN DENGAN
KONSEP LAIN YANG KURANG ABSTRAK

DEFINISI DENOTATIF
 MENUNJUKKAN GAGASAN DAN ACUAN,
TERMASUK KONDISI, PROSEDUR DLL. YANG
DIPERLUKAN

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 CONTOH
Makan
Definisi Denotatif : Memasukkan makanan ke dalam
mulut, dikunyah, dan ditelan (arti yg sebenarnya)

Definisi Konotatif: Bisa macam-macam, tergantung

maksudnya
Makan hati, makan gaji buta, makan
Waktu (arti kiasan)

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AWAL PERKEMBANGAN (1)
Teaching aids (1920)
Visual instruction (1928) – first book by Anna V.
Doris “Visual Instruction in the Public Schools”
Audiovisual Instruction (1930)
Tujuan :
 Mengkonkritkan konsep abstrak
 Mengklasifikasikan alat bantu visual
 Mengintergrasikan alat bantu visual dalam
kurikulum

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AWAL PERKEMBANGAN (2)
Audiovisual Communications (1932) – dibentuknya DAVI
(Department of Audiovisul Instruction) dari NEA

Tujuan :

 Promoting and using visual aids in the school

 Enrichment for teachers in the classrooms
 Techniques to improve instruction

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PERKEMBANGAN KONSEP TP
6 tahap perkembangan konsep TP
Thn 1963 DAVI
Thn 1970 AECT
Thn 1972 AECT
Thn 1977 AECT
Thn 1994 AECT
Thn 2008 AECT

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 DAVI OF NEA
First Definition (1963) :
Audiovisual communications is that branch of
educational theory and practice primarily
concerned with the design and use of messages
which control the learning process. … These
undertaking include the planning, production,
selection, management, and utilization of both
components and entire instructional systems.
(definisi pertama)

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LANJUTAN

Komunikasi audio visual, bagian dari pendidikan

(teori dan praktek) yg berhubungan/berkaitan dgn
perancangan dan penggunaan pesan yg terkontrol
dlm proses belajar
Pesan atau materi ajar yg disampaikan dikelas, hrs
dirancang dan dimanfaatkan dgn tepat dlm proses
belajar siswa (definisi pertama)(1963)(DAVI)

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PESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY (1970)
The media born of the communication revolution
which can be used for instructional purposes
A systematic way of designing, carrying out, and
evaluating the total process of learning and
teaching in terms of specific objectives, based
on the research in human learning and
communication and employing a combination
of human and non human resources to bring
about more effective instruction (Definisi ke 2)
(AECT)
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LANJUTAN
Teknologi instruksional : suatu cara yg sistematis utk
merancang, melaksanakan, dan mengevaluasi
keseluruhan proses belajar mengajar dlm rangka
mencapai tujuan khusus komunikasi dan belajr
pada manusia serta dengan menggunakan kombinasi
sumber belajar insani dan non insani agar terjadi
pembelajaran yg efektif (definisi ke 2)(1970)(AECT)

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DAVI AECT 1970

Third Definition 1972

Educational technology is a field involved
in the facilitation of human learning through
the systematic identification, development,
organization and utilization of a full range
of learning resources and through the
management of these processes (definisi ke
3)

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LANJUTAN

Teknologi pendidikan : suatu bidang yg

berkepentingan dengan memfasilitasi belajar
pada manusia melalui usaha sistematis dalam
identifikasi , pengembangan,
pengorganisasian, dan pemanfaatan berbagai
macamsumber belajar serta dengan
pengelolaan atas keseluruhan proses tsb.
(definisi ke 3)(1972)(AECT)

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LANJUTAN

TP tdk hanya terkait dgn merancang dan

memanfaatkan pesan utk mengendalikan
proses belajar, tapi dgn memanfaatkan segala
bentuk sumber belajar yg ada
TP adalah suatu bidang garapan atau suatu
profesi yg berkaitan dgn penyelenggaraan yg
sistematis, dari suatu proses belajar utk
semua jenjang pendidikan

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THE FIELD OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
(1972)

MANAGEMENT LEARNING RESOURCES

LEARNING RESOURCES
FUNCTIONS DEVELOPMENT FUNCTIONS

Research-Theory
Organization
of resources by resources by
Management
design utilization
Design

people
Production-Location
materials
Evaluation-Selection
settings
Personnel Organization-Supply
of Tools/equipment
Management
people
who Utilization
activities
(utilization-dissemination)

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AECT FOURTH DEFINITION

E ducational technology is a complex, integrated

process, involving people, procedures, ideas,
devices and organization, for analyzing
problem and devising, implementing,
evaluating and managing solutions to those
problems, involves in all aspects of human
learning. (definisi ke 4)(1977)(AECT)

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LANJUTAN

Suatu proses yg kompleks dan terpadu yg

meliputi manusia, prosedur, ide, alat, dan
organisasi utk menganalisis merancang,
melaksanakan, menilai, dan mengelola usaha
pemecahan masalah yg berkaitan dgn semua
aspek belajar (AECT, 1977, definisi ke 4 TP)

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 DOMAIN OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL LEARNING

MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES
FUNCTIONS FUNCTIONS

Research-theory
Organization Design Message
Management Production People LEARNER
Evaluation – Materials
Selection Devices
Logistics Techniques
Personal Utilization Settings
Management Utilization/
Dissemination

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AECT FIFTH DEFINITION 1994

Instructional technology is the theory and

practice of design, development, utilization,
management, and evaluation of processes and
resources for learning (definisi ke 5)(1994)
Components of the definition :
 theory and practice
 of design, development, utilization, management and
evaluation
 of processes and resources
 for learning
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LANJUTAN

TP , teori dan praktek dlm desain,

pengembangan, pemanfaatan
pengelolaan, serta evaluasi proses dan
sumber untk belajar (Barbara S. Seels
dan Rich C.Richei) (definisi ke 5)(1994)
(AECT)

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DEFINITION OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY (1994)

DEVELOPMENT UTILIZATION
of processes of processes
and resources and resources
for learning for learning

THEORY
DESIGN & MANAGEMENT
of processes PRACTICE of processes
and resources and resources
for learning for learning

EVALUATION
of processes
and resources
for learning

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ADAPTASI DEFINISI TEKNOLOGI PENDIDIKAN
PENGEMBANGAN
PROSES, SUMBER
& SISTEM
BELAJAR
PERANCANGAN PEMANFAATAN
PROSES, SUMBER PROSES, SUMBER
& SISTEM & SISTEM
BELAJAR BELAJAR
TEORI &
PRAKTEK
PENELITIAN
PROSES, SUMBER PENGELOLAAN
& SISTEM PROSES, SUMBER
BELAJAR & SISTEM
PENILAIAN BELAJAR
PROSES, SUMBER
& SISTEM
BELAJAR

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 AECT SIXTH DEFINITION 2008

Educational technology is the study and ethical

practice of facilitating learning and improving
performance by creating , using and managing
appropriate technological processes and resources
 Memfasilitasi belajar, bukan belajar itu sendiri
 Praktek harus berpegangan nilai etika
 Memperbaiki kinerja (dari pendidik dll.)
 Proses dan sumber teknologikal yang sesuai (kondisi
dan lingkungan)

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LANJUTAN
Teknologi Pendidikan
Kajian dan praktis etis dlm memfasilitasi belajar dan
meningkatkan kinerja melalui penciptaan , pemanfaatan,
dan pengelolaan proses dan sumber terknologi tepat guna
(definisi ke 6)(2008)(AECT)

Ada 9 komponen definisi

Kajian, praktis etis, memfasilitasi belajar, meningkatkan
kinerja, menciptakan, mmanfaatkan, mengelola, prose,
sumber

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 EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

Creating Managing
Processes +
Resources

Study Practice
Using

Facilitating Learning &

Improving Performance

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CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPEMENT
HUMAN RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT TEKNOLOGI
TECHNOLOGY PENDIDIKAN & KINERJA

PERFORMANCE TEKNOLOGI
TECHNOLOGY PEMBELAJARAN

INSTRUCTIONAL
MEDIA
TECHNOLOGY
PEMBELAJARAN

BEHAVIOR DIDAKTIK
TECHNOLOGY AUDIOVISUAL

Romiszowski Yusufhadi Miarso

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SEKIAN DAN TERIMA
KASIH

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