Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Sumberdaya Perikanan

PIM20192131 2/0 SKS

DASAR-DASAR MANAJEMEN DAN

MANAJEMEN PERIKANAN

Dr. Eko Setyobudi, S.Pi., M.Si. (Peny)

Dr. Susilo Budi Priyono, S.Pi., M.Si. (Peny)
Ikan dan Perikanan
 Bagian penting sebagian besar masyarakat yang memberi
kontribusi ekonomi, sosial dan kesejahteraan bagi
banyak negara dan wilayah. Lapangan kerja : 56,6 juta
orang ++
 Produk perikanan: subsisten  perdagangan
internasional, barang banyak dicari dan bernilai jual
tinggi.
 Produksi : 167,2 juta ton (Tangkap : 93,4 juta ton;
Budidaya 73,8 juta ton (2016))
 Sumber protein murah
 Segar, beku, intermediate product
 Perdagangan ikan
Kevern L. COCHRANE; dunia
SOFIA 2016 : US$40 milyar/tahun
 Memberikan manfaat bagi manusia
 Hasil perikanan bahan pangan sumber protein hewani
 Perlu dilestarikan keberadaannya  upaya agar sumberdaya
perikanan tidak rusak atau punah
 Sumberdaya ikan (SDI)  mampu pulih kembali (Renewable
Resources)  kemampuan pulih secara biologi terpenuhi dan
kondisi lingkungannya cukup baik.
 Indonesia dengan kekayaan sumberdaya melimpah
menghadapi banyak permasalahan di bidang perikanan.
 Kelestarian sumberdaya ikan dapat berlanjut  undang-
undang dan peraturan yang dapat diterapkan untuk melindungi
dari kerusakan
Manajemen …???
 Manajemen: proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, dan
pengawasan usaha-usaha para anggota organisasi dan penggunaan sumber
daya organisasi lainnya agar mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan
(Stoner).
 Manajemen merupakan ilmu dan seni.
 Seni dalam menyelesaikan sesuatu melalui orang lain (Follet,1997)
 Sebuah proses yang dilakukan untuk mewujudkan tujuan organisasi melalui
rangkaian kegiatan berupa perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan,
dan pengendalian orang-orang serta sumber daya organisasi lainnya
(Nickels, McHugh and McHugh ,1997)
 Seni atau proses dalam menyelesaikan sesuatu yang terkait dengan
pencapaian tujuan. (Ernie&Kurniawan, 2005)
 Empat fungsi utama dalam manajemen:
 Perencanaan (Planning)
 Pengorganisasian (Organizing)
 Pengarahan (Actuating/Directing)
 Pengawasan (Controlling)
Perencanaan
 Fungsi Perencanaan
 proses yang menyangkut upaya yang dilakukan untuk
mengantisipasi kecenderungan di masa yang akan datang dan
penentuan strategi dan taktik yang tepat untuk mewujudkan
target dan tujuan organisasi.

 Kegiatan dalam Fungsi Perencanaan

 Menetapkan tujuan dan target
 Merumuskan strategi untuk mencapai tujuan dan target
 Menentukan sumber-sumber daya yang diperlukan
 Menetapkan standar/indikator keberhasilan dalam pencapaian tujuan dan target
Pengorganisasian
 Fungsi Pengorganisasian
 proses yang menyangkut bagaimana strategi dan taktik yang telah dirumuskan
dalam perencanaan didesain dalam sebuah struktur organisasi yang tepat dan
tangguh, sistem dan lingkungan organisasi yang kondusif, dan dapat memastikan
bahwa semua pihak dalam organisasi dapat bekerja secara efektif dan efisien guna
pencapaian tujuan organisasi

 Kegiatan dalam Fungsi Pengorganisasian

 Mengalokasikan sumber daya, merumuskan dan menetapkan tugas, dan menetapkan
prosedur yang diperlukan
 Menetapkan struktur organisasi yang menunjukkan adanya garis kewenangan dan
tanggungjawab
 Kegiatan perekrutan, penyeleksian, pelatihan dan pengembangan sumber daya
manusia/tenaga kerja
 Kegiatan penempatan sumber daya manusia pada posisi yang paling tepat
Pengarahan dan Implementasi
 Fungsi Pengarahan dan Implementasi
 Proses implementasi program agar dapat dijalankan oleh seluruh
pihak dalam organisasi serta proses memotivasi agar semua pihak
tersebut dapat menjalankan tanggungjawabnya dengan penuh
kesadaran dan produktifitas yang tinggi

 Kegiatan dalam Fungsi Pengarahan dan Implementasi

 Mengimplementasikan proses kepemimpinan, pembimbingan, dan
pemberian motivasi kepada tenaga kerja agar dapat bekerja secara efektif
dan efisien dalam pencapaian tujuan
 Memberikan tugas dan penjelasan rutin mengenai pekerjaan
 Menjelaskan kebijakan yang ditetapkan
Pengawasan dan Pengendalian
 Fungsi Pengawasan dan Pengendalian
 proses yang dilakukan untuk memastikan seluruh rangkaian kegiatan yang
telah direncanakan, diorganisasikan dan diimplementasikan dapat
berjalan sesuai dengan target yang diharapkan sekalipun berbagai
perubahan terjadi
 Kegiatan dalam Fungsi Pengawasan dan Pengendalian
 Mengevaluasi keberhasilan dalam pencapaian tujuan dan target sesuai
dengan indikator yang telah ditetapkan
 Mengambil langkah klarifikasi dan koreksi atas penyimpangan yang
mungkin ditemukan
 Melakukan berbagai alternatif solusi atas berbagai masalah yang terkait
dengan pencapaian tujuan dan target
Planning Organizing
Penentuan Tujuan dan Bagaimana Cara Penentuan Bagaimana Penyusunan
Pencapaian yang terbaik Organisasi dan Aktifitas dapat dilakukan

Controlling Leading
Monitoring dan Perbaikan Aktifitas yang Proses Memotivasi Anggota Organisasi
sedang berjalan agar Tujuan dapat agar Planning dapat dijalankan
tercapai

Keterangan:
Menunjukkan Arah Tahapan dari setiap fungsi manajemen
Menunjukkan keterkaitan timbal balik antar fungsi manajemen
Jones and George, 2018
Paradigma sebagai pendekatan kebijakan :

 Paradigma konservasi (conservation paradigm), menekankan

pada konservasi, manfaat sosial ekonomi kurang penting.
 Paradigma rasionalisasi (rationalization paradigm),
menekankan manfaat ekonomi, kurang mempertimbangkan
kondisi sumberdaya perikanan dan kondisi sosial ekonomi.
 Paradigma sosial (social paradigm), kebijakan yang
mengutamakan pemerataan dan keadilan.
 What is fisheries management?
“The integrated process of information gathering, analysis, planning, consultation,
decision-making, allocation of resources and formulation and implementation, with
enforcement as necessary, of regulations or rules which govern fisheries activities in
order to ensure the continued productivity of the resources and the accomplishment
of other fisheries objectives (FAO).

Pengelolaan perikanan melibatkan serangkaian tugas yang kompleks dan luas, yang
secara kolektif memiliki pencapaian manfaat optimal yang berkelanjutan dari sumber
daya sebagai tujuan yang mendasarinya.
Diagrammatic representation of the functions and responsibilities of a fisheries management authority
in relation to fishing, and the inter-relationships between the functions.
Who is the fishery manager????
 Fisheries management institutions  two major components: the fisheries
management authority and the interested parties.
 The fishers and fishing companies  usually be the major participants amongst the
interested parties.
 The fisheries management authority  entity which has been given the mandate by
the State (or States in the case of an international authority) to perform specific
management functions.
 In many countries  authority would be a Department of Fisheries or, within a
broader Department, a Division of Fisheries.
 A fisheries management authority does not have to fall directly within central
government, and could be, for example, provincial, local, parastatal or private.
 Any one of these arrangements can function effectively, given an adequate legal
framework in which to operate and the resources necessary to fulfill their function.

Parastatal  bagian dari sektor publik dan terdiri dari: entitas terdesentralisasi, perusahaan milik negara, lembaga keuangan dan organisasi pelengkap kredit, perusahaan
asuransi nasional dan wali serta kepercayaan..
Goals and Objective
 to maintain the target species at or above the levels necessary to
ensure their continued productivity (biological);
 to minimise the impacts of fishing on the physical environment and on
non-target (bycatch), associated and dependent species (ecological);
 to maximise the net incomes of the participating fishers (economic);
and
 to maximise employment opportunities for those dependent on the
fishery for their livelihoods (social).
Undang Undang Perikanan di Indonesia

 UU Nomor 9 Tahun 1985

 UU Nomor 31 Tahun 2004
 UU Nomor 45 Tahun 2009
Schematic representation of a fisheries knowledge system
Code Of Conduct For Responsible Fisheries (CCRF)
 Commitment declared in the 28th Committee on Fisheries
(COFI) Conference in Rome in October 31st 1995, stated in
resolution No: 4/1995.
 CCRF Goals : sustainable benefits from fisheries in terms of
food, employment, trade and economic well-being for people
throughout the world
 Provide principles and standards applicable to conservation,
management and development of all fisheries
 Fisheries, including aquaculture  provide a vital source of
food, employment, recreation, trade and economic well-being
for people throughout the world, both for present and future
generations and should therefore be conducted in a
responsible manner.

 CCRF  sets out principles and international standards of

behaviour for responsible practices with a view to ensuring the
effective conservation, management and development of living
aquatic resources, with due respect for the ecosystem and
biodiversity.
1.1 The Code also contains provisions that may be or have already been given
binding effect by means of other obligatory legal instruments amongst the
Parties, such as the Agreement to Promote Compliance with International
Conservation and Management Measures by Fishing Vessels on the High
Seas, 1993, which, according to FAO Conference resolution 15/93, paragraph
3, forms an integral part of the Code.
1.2 The Code is global in scope, and is directed toward members and non-
members of FAO,
FAO fishing entities, subregional, regional and global
organizations, whether governmental or non-governmental, and all persons
concerned with the conservation of fishery resources and management and
development of fisheries, such as fishers, those engaged in processing and
marketing of fish and fishery products and other users of the aquatic
environment in relation to fisheries.
1.3 The Code provides principles and standards applicable to the conservation,
management and development of all fisheries. It also covers the capture,
processing and trade of fish and fishery products, fishing operations,
aquaculture, fisheries research and the integration of fisheries into coastal
area management.

1.4 In this Code, the reference to States includes the European Community in
matters within its competence, and the term fisheries applies equally to
capture fisheries and aquaculture.
aquaculture
 States and all those engaged in fisheries management should, through an appropriate policy, legal
and institutional framework, adopt measures for the longterm conservation and sustainable use
of fisheries resources.

Recognizing that long-term sustainable use of fisheries resources is the overriding objective of
conservation and management, States and subregional or regional fisheries management
organizations and arrangements

To be effective, fisheries management should be concerned with the whole stock unit over its
entire area of distribution and take into account previously agreed management measures
established and applied in the same region, all removals and the biological unity and other
biological characteristics of the stock.
When considering the adoption of conservation and management measures, the best scientific evidence
available should be taken into account in order to evaluate the current state of the fishery resources and
the possible impact of the proposed measures on the resources.

States should apply the precautionary approach widely to conservation, management and
exploitation of living aquatic resources in order to protect them and preserve the aquatic
environment. The absence of adequate scientific information should not be used as a reason for
postponing or failing to take conservation and management measures.

States should ensure that the level of fishing permitted is commensurate with the state of fisheries
resources.
 States should ensure that an effective legal and administrative framework at the local and
national level, as appropriate, is established for fisheries resource conservation and fisheries
management.
 States should ensure that laws and regulations provide for sanctions applicable in respect of
violations which are adequate in severity to be effective, including sanctions which allow for
the refusal, withdrawal or suspension of authorizations to fish in the event of non-compliance
with conservation and management measures in force.

States should encourage banks and financial institutions not to require, as a condition of a loan
or mortgage, fishing vessels or fishing support vessels to be flagged in a jurisdiction other than
that of the State of beneficial ownership where such a requirement would have the effect of
increasing the likelihood of non-compliance with international conservation and management
measures.
Terima kasih