Sistem non-Newton Non-Newtonian bodies adalah zat-zat yang tidak mengikuti persamaan aliran Newton; dispersi heterogen cairan

dan padatan seperti larutan koloid, emulsi, suspensi cair, salep dan produk-produk serupa. Jika bahanbahan non-Newton dianalisis dalam suatu viscometer putar dan hasilnya diplot, diperoleh berbagai kurva konsistensi yang menggambarkan adanya tiga kelas aliran yakni; plastis, pseudoplastis, dan dilatan. Aliran lastis kurva aliran plastis tidak melalui titik !","# tapi memotong sumbu shearing stress !atau akan memotong, $ika bagian lurus dari kurva tersebut diekstrapolasikan ke sumbu# pada suatu titik tertentu yang dikenal dengan harga yield. %ingham bodies tidak akan mengalir sampai shearing stress dicapai sebesar yield value tersebut. ada harga stress di bawah harga yield value, zat bertindak seperti bahan elastic. Ahli rheologi menggolongkan %ingham bodie sebagai suatu bahan yang mempunyai&memperlihatkan yield value, seperti halnya zat padat. Sedang zat-zat yang mulai mengalir pada shearing stress terkecil dide'inisikan sebagai cairan. (ield value adalah suatu si'at yang penting dari dispersedispersi tertentu. Aliran plastis berhubungan dengan adanya partikelpartikel yang ter'lokulasi dalam suspense pekat. Akibatnya, terbentuk struktur kontinu di seluruh sistem. Adanya yield value disebabkan oleh adanya kontak antara partikel-partikel yang berdekatan !disebabbkan oleh gaya van der waals#, yang harus dipecah sebelum aliran dapat ter$adi. Akibatnya yield value merupakan indikasi dari kekuatan 'lokulasi. )akin banyak suspense yang ter'lokulasi, makin tinggi yield valuenya. Aliran seudoplastis Aliran pseudoplastis diperlihatkan oleh polimer-polimer dalam larutan, yang merupakan kebalikan dari sistem plastis, yang tersusun dari partikelpartikel yang ter'lokulasi dalam suspensi. Se$umlah besar produk 'armasi termasuk gom dan sintesis, misalnya* disperse cairan dari tragacanth, natrium alginate, metilselulosa dan natrium karboksimetil selulosa, menun$ukkan aliran pseudoplastis. +iskositas zat pseudoplastis berkurang dengan meningkatnya rate o' shear. +iskositas nyata dapat diperoleh pada setiap haraga rate o' shear dari kemiringan tangen !garis singgung# pada kurva pada tittik tertentu. Aliran ,ilatan Suspense-suspensi tertentu dengan persentase zat padat terdispers yang

tinggi menun$ukkan peningkatan dalam daya hambat untuk mengalir dengan meningkatnya rate o' shear. Aliran dilatan adalah kebalikan dari aliran pseudoplastis. %ahan-bahan aliran dilatan dikenal dengan istilah shearthickening system. -at-zat yang mempunyai si'at-si'at aliran dilatan adalah suspensesuspensi yang berkonsentrasi tinggi !kira-kira ."/ atau lebih# dari partikel-partikel kecil yang mengalami de'lokulasi .

,iposkan oleh A'ra 0hemistry 1over di 03.46 http://afrachemistrylover.blogspot.com/2010/02/viskositas.html 2"33-"2-3.

http://web2.clarkson.edu/pro ects/subramanian/ch301/notes/nonnewto nian.pdf 2"33-"2-23 Non-Newtonian 'luid 4rom 5ikipedia, the 'ree encyclopedia 6his article needs! additional!citations!for!veri'ication. lease help improve!this!article by adding reliable! references. 7nsourced material may be challenged and removed. !June 2"3"# 0ontinuum mechanics

8show9"aws 8show9Solid mechanics 8hide94luid mechanics #luids #luid!statics : #luid!

dynamics $urface!tension %avier&$tokes!e'uations (iscosity* %ewtonian, %on)%ewtonian 8show9;heology 8show9$cientists v*d*e A non)%ewtonian!fluid is a fluid whose 'low properties di''er in any way 'rom those o' %ewtonian!fluids. )ost commonly the viscosity o' nonNewtonian 'luids is not independent o' shear!rate or shear rate history. <owever, there are some non-Newtonian 'luids with shear-independent viscosity, that nonetheless e=hibit normal stress-di''erences or other non-Newtonian behavior. )any salt solutions and molten polymers are nonNewtonian 'luids, as are many commonly 'ound substances such as ketchup, custard, toothpaste, starch suspensions, paint, blood, and shampoo. >n a Newtonian 'luid, the relation between the shear! stress and the shear!rate is linear, passing through the origin, the constant o' proportionality being the coe''icient o' viscosity. >n a nonNewtonian 'luid, the relation between the shear!stress and the shear! rate is di''erent, and can even be time-dependent. 6here'ore a constant coe''icient o' viscosity cannot be de'ined. Although the concept o' viscosity is commonly used to characterize a material, it can be inade?uate to describe the mechanical behavior o' a substance, particularly non-Newtonian 'luids. 6hey are best studied through several other rheological properties which relate the relations between the stress and strain!rate tensors under many di''erent 'low conditions, such as oscillatory shear, or e=tensional 'low which are measured using di''erent devices or rheometers. 6he properties are better studied using tensor-valued constitutive!e'uations, which are common in the 'ield o' continuum!mechanics. +ontents 8hide9

! 1 !! !! ,ypes!of!non)%ewtonian! ! behavior
o o o o o o o o o o

! 1.1 !! !! $ummary ! ! 1.2 !! !! $hear!thickening!fluids ! ! 1.3 !! !! $hear!thinning!fluid ! ! 1.4 !! !! -ingham!plastic ! ! 1.. !! !! /heopectic ! ! 2 !! !! 01amples ! ! 2.1 !! !! 2obleck ! ! 2.2 !! !! #lubber ! ! 2.3 !! !! +hilled!caramel!topping ! ! 2.4 !! !! $illy!3utty ! ! 2.. !! !! 4etchup ! ! 3 !! !! $ee!also ! ! 4 !! !! /eferences ! ! . !! !! 01ternal!links !

5edit6,ypes!of!non)%ewtonian!behavior 5edit6$ummary

+omparison!of!non)%ewtonian7!%ewtonian7!and!viscoelastic!properties @ arallel@ linear combination o' elastic and viscous e''ects

(iscoelas 4elvin!material tic

8nelastic

)aterial returns to a well-de'ined @rest shape@ Apparent viscosity incr Some lubricants, whi eases with duration o' pped!cream stress516 Some 0lays, Some 9rilling!:ud, Apparent viscosity decr many paints, synovial! eases with duration o' fluid,cerebral!spinal! stress526 fluid, ;oney under certain conditions

/heopectic 6imedependen t viscosity

,hi1otropic

6imeindepend ent aper pulp in water, Apparent viscosity decr viscosity $hear! late= thinning!pseudopl eases with increased paint, ice, blood, astic# stress5465.6 syrup, molasses +iscosity is constant Stress depends on normal and shear -lood! strain rates and also plasma, +ustard the pressure applied on it

$hear! Apparent viscosity incr Suspensions o' corn thickening!dilatant eases with increased starch or sand!in! 536 # stress water

<enerali=ed!%ewtonian! fluids

5edit6$hear!thickening!fluids $hear!thickening!fluids are also used in all!wheel!drive systems utilising a viscous!coupling!unit 'or power transmission. 5edit6$hear!thinning!fluid

A 'amiliar e=ample o' the opposite, a shear!thinning!fluid, or pseudoplastic 'luid, is paint* one wants the paint to 'low readily o'' the brush when it is being applied to the sur'ace being painted, but not to drip e=cessively. 5edit6-ingham!plastic 6here are 'luids which have a linear shear stress&shear strain relationship which re?uire a 'inite yield stress be'ore they begin to 'low !the plot o' shear stress against shear strain does not pass through the origin#. 6hese 'luids are called -ingham!plastics. Several e=amples are clay suspensions, drilling mud, toothpaste, mayonnaise, chocolate, and mustard. 5edit6/heopectic 6here are also 'luids whose strain rate is a 'unction o' time. 4luids that re?uire a gradually increasing shear stress to maintain a constant strain rate are re'erred to as rheopectic. An opposite case o' this, is a 'luid that thins out with time and re?uires a decreasing stress to maintain a constant strain rate !thi1otropic#. 5edit601amples 5edit62obleck

Aobleck on a subwoo'er. Applying 'orce to oobleck, by sound waves in this case, makes the non-Newtonian 'luid thicken.566 An ine=pensive, non)to1ic e=ample o' a non-Newtonian 'luid is a suspension o' starch !e.g. cornflour# in water, sometimes called @oobleck@ or @ooze@ !2 parts corn starch to 3 part water#. 5>65?6 7ncooked imitation! custard, being a suspension o' primarily corn'lour, has the same properties. 6he name @oobleck@ is derived 'rom the childrenBs book -artholomew!and!the!2obleck. 5edit6#lubber

)ain article* #lubber!@materialA

4lubber is a non-Newtonian 'luid, easily made 'rom polyvinyl! alcohol based glues and bora1, that 'lows under low stresses, but breaks under higher stresses and pressures. 6his combination o' 'luid-like and solid-like properties makes it a :a1well!solid. >ts behavior can also be described as being viscoplastic orgelatinous.5B6 5edit6+hilled!caramel!topping Another e=ample o' this is chilled caramel ice!cream topping. 6he sudden application o' forceC'or e=ample by stabbing the sur'ace with a 'inger, or rapidly inverting the container holding itCleads to the 'luid behaving like a solid rather than a li?uid. 6his is the @shear thickening@ property o' this non-Newtonian 'luid. )ore gentle treatment, such as slowly inserting a spoon, will leave it in its li?uid state. 6rying to $erk the spoon back out again, however, will trigger the return o' the temporary solid state. A person moving ?uickly and applying su''icient 'orce with their 'eet can literally walk across such a li?uid. 5edit6$illy!3utty

)ain article* $illy!3utty

Silly utty is a silicone polymer based suspension which will 'low, bounce, or break depending on strain rate. 5edit64etchup 4etchup is a shear!thinning 'luid.536 Shear thinning means that the 'luid viscosity decreases over time given a constant shear. >n other words, 'luid motion is initially di''icult to start, but once 'lowing will continue to do so 'reely. 5edit6$ee!also

! -ingham!plastic ! ! +omple1!fluid ! ! 9issipative!particle!dynamics ! ! %ewtonian!fluid ! ! ;erschel&-ulkley!fluid ! ! %avier&$tokes!e'uations ! ! 3seudoplastic ! ! 9ilatant ! ! Cuicksand !

! /heology ! ! $uperfluids !

5edit6/eferences 3. D Springer handbook o' e=perimental 'luid mechanics, 0ameron 6ropea, Ale=ander 1. (arin, John 4. 4oss, ublisher* Springer, E Actober 2""F, D$-%!3.402.1413, D$-%!B>?)3.402.141., p.GFG,<oogle!books 2. D Springer handbook o' e=perimental 'luid mechanics, 0ameron 6ropea, Ale=ander 1. (arin, John 4. 4oss, ublisher* Springer, E Actober 2""F, D$-%!3.402.1413, D$-%!B>?)3.402.141., p.GG3,<oogle!books H. D a b ump Application ,esk %ook, Hrd edition, aul N. Iaray, rentice <all, August 3EEG, D$-%!0??1>32311, D$-%!B>?) 0??1>32313, p.H.J, <oogle!books K. D ;heology o' 4luid and Semisolid 4oods* rinciples and Applications, ). A. ;ao, ublisher* Springer, 2nd edition, 2J August 2""F, D$-%!03?>>0B2B0, D$-%!B>?)03?>>0B2B1, p.J, <oogle! books .. D Lmulsions, 4oams, and Suspensions* 4undamentals and Applications, 1aurier 1. Schramm, ublisher* 5iley +0<, 2G July 2""., D$-%!3.2>30>43., >S%N EFJ-H.2FH"FKH2p.3FH, <oogle! books G. D 6his demonstration o' oobleck is a popular sub$ect 'or (ou6ube videos, such as this. F. D 2obleck:!,he!9r.!$euss!$cience!01periment J. D 2utrageous!2o=e E. D <lurch!:eets!2obleck. >owa State 7niversity L=tension.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%on)%ewtonianEfluid 2"33-"2-23