MEKTEK Modul 1 (Dasar Dan Aplikasi Mekanika)
MEKTEK Modul 1 (Dasar Dan Aplikasi Mekanika)
MODUL 1
dasar
mendesain
dan
menganalisa
berbagai
macam
Mekanika Benda
Tegar
Rigid Body Mechanics
Statika
Static
Mekanika Benda
Terdeformasi
Deformable Body
Mechanics
Mekanika Fluida
Fluid Mechanics
Dinamika
Dynamic
Berat (weight).
waktu.
Massa
(mass)
adalah
suatu
ukuran
Partikel (particles).
Partikel
mempunyai
massa,
tetapi
ukuran
massanya
bisa
= 0
=0
(1.1)
(1.2)
=
Hukum Newton ke-3
Gaya aksi dan reaksi antara dua benda (partikel) besarnya sama,
berlawanan arah dan segaris (collinear). Gambaran gaya aksi dan reaksi
tersebut dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1.6.
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1 2
2
(1.4)
Dimana :
F
= konstanta gravitasi
= 66.73(10-12) m3/(kg.s2)
(1.5)
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1.2.6. Satuan
Ke-empat besaran dasar seperti panjang, waktu, masa dan gaya tersebut
di atas tidaklah berdiri sendiri antara satu dengan yang lain.
Kenyataannya saling dihubungkan oleh hukum Newton ke-2 tentang
gerak (Tabel 1.1).
Tabel 1.1. Sistem satuan
Nama
International
System of Units
(SI)
Panjang
meter
(m)
Waktu
second
(s)
Masa
kilogram
(kg)
Gaya
newton*)
(N)
= (kg.m/s2)
US Customary
(FPS)
foot
(ft)
second
(s)
slug*)
(lb.s2/ft)
pound
(lb)
*) Derived unit
Pada Tabel 1.1 di atas dapat dilihat bahwa satuan terdiri atas satuan
dasar (base units) dan satuan yang diperoleh dari turunan satuan dasar
(derived unit). Pada Tabel 1.1 juga bisa dilihat adanya sistem SI dan
FPS. Konversi dari besaran dasar dari FPS ke SI dapat dilihat pada
Tabel 1.2.
Tabel 1.2. Faktor konversi
Besaran
Gaya
Masa
Panjang
FPS
lb
slug
ft
SI
4.448 N
14.59 kg
0.3048 m
Latihan 1.1
Konversikan 2 km/h menjadi m/s dan ft/s.
Jawab:
1 km = 1000 m dan 1 h = 3600 s. Urutan konversi adalah sebagai berikut :
2 / =
12
2 1000
1
(
)(
)
3600
2 / =
2000
3600
2 / = 0.556 /
0.556 / =
0.556
1
(
)
0.3048
0.556 / = 1.82 /
Latihan 1.2
Konversikan 300 lb.s dan 52 slug/ft3 ke dalam satuan SI.
Jawab:
Gunakan Tabel 1.2. 1 lb = 4.448 N.
4.448
300 = 300 (
)
1
300 = 1334.5 = 1.33
Sejak 1 slug = 14.59 kg, dan 1 ft = 0.3048 m, maka
3
52 14.59
1
52 / =
(
)(
)
3
1
0.3048
3
52 / 3 = 26.8 (103 ) /3
Latihan 1.3
Evaluasi masing-masing persamaan berikut dan nyatakan dengan satuan SI
yang sesuai.
a) (50 mN)(6 GN);
b) (400 mm)(0.6 MN)2;
c) 45 MN3/900 Gg.
Jawab:
Langkah pertama adalah mengkonversikan setiap bilangan ke satuan dasar,
lakukan operasi yang diperlukan dan pilih satuan yang paling sesuai.
a) (50 )(6 ) = [50(103 )][6(109 )]
(50 )(6 ) = 300(106 ) 2
1 1
(50 )(6 ) = 300(106 ) 2 ( 3 ) ( 3 )
10 10
(50 )(6 ) = 300 2
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c) 45 3 /900 =
45(106 )
900(106 )
45 3 /900 = 50(109 ) 3 /
3
45 /900 = 50(10
9 ) 3
1 3 1
( 3 )
10
45 3 /900 = 50 3 /
1.3. Rangkuman
Mekanika adalah cabang ilmu Fisika yang mempelajari perilaku
benda diam atau bergerak akibat terkena suatu gaya. Mekanika
dibagi menjadi :
- Mekanika benda tegar (RBM);
- Meknaika benda terdeformasi (DBM);
- Mekanika fluida (FM).
Mekanika benda tegar dibagi lagi menjadi statika (static) dan
dinamika (dynamic).
Dalam mempelajari mekanika, wajib hukumnya memahami 4
(empat) besaran dasar yang mencakup : panjang, waktu, massa
dan gaya.
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1.4. Referensi
a) Hibbeler, (2010). Engineering Mechanics: Static, 12th. ed.
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1.7. Jawaban
1.
(a) 4.66 m, (b) 55.6 s, (c) 4.56 kN, (d) 2.77 Mg.
2.
3.
1 Pa = 20.9(10-3) lb/ft2.
1 ATM = 101 kPa.
4.
5.
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