I. Analisis Hidrologi
Proses analisa hidrologi pada dasarnya merupakan proses pengolahan data
curah hujan, data luas dan bentuk daerah pengaliran (catchment area), data
kemiringan lahan atau beda tinggi dan tata guna lahan yang kesemuanya memiliki
arahan untuk mengetahui besarnya curah hujan maksimum, koefisien pengaliran,
waktu konsentrasi, intensitas curah hujan, dan debit banjir rencana.
tg
. Ho
tg o
dengan :
Hz
Ho
Tg
Tg o
I-1
(mm)
C
15000
C'
Hz
B
Y1
Yo
Xo
10000
5000
A0
Ho
data terkoreksi
data lapangan
tg o = Yo/Xo
tg = Y1/Xo
5000
10000
15000
(mm)
Rrerata
dengan :
R
A
A1
A
, 2 2 ........... n n
A
A
A
pengamatan
I-2
dengan
menggunakan
probability
paper
(kertas
P = i / (n + 1) x 100 %
dimana :
P = kemungkinan terjadi hujan (%)
i = nomor urut data hujan yang telah disusun
n = jumlah data hujan
X =
i =1
dimana :
I-3
= nilai rata-rata
Xi = nilai varian ke i
n
= banyaknya data
Standar Deviasi
X
n
Sd =
-X
i=l
n -1
dimana:
Sd
= standar deviasi
= nilai rata-rata
Xi
= nilai varian ke i
= banyaknya data
Koefisien Skewness
Cs =
n
n
3
(Xi - X)
(n - 1)(n - 2) i=l
Sd3
dimana:
Cs
= Koefisien Skewness
Sd
= Standar Deviasi
= Nilai Rata-Rata
Xi
= Nilai Varian ke i
= Banyaknya Data
Koefisien Kurtosis
I-4
n2 Xi - X
Ck =
i =l
(n - 1) (n - 2) (n - 3) Sd4
dimana :
Ck
= Koeffisien Kortusis
Sd
= Standar Deviasi
= Nilai Rata-Rata
Xi
= Nilai Varian ke i
= Banyaknya Data
I-5
I-6
YT Yn
sn
YT ln ln Tr 1 / Tr
Yt = - (0.834 + 2.303 log T/T-1)
dimana:
Rt
Sx
: Standar deviasi
: Faktor frekuensi
Sn, Yn
Reduced Variate
1.4999
2.2504
4.6001
5.2958
6.2136
6.9072
Yn
0.4952
0.4996
0.5035
0.5070
0.5100
0.5128
n
34
35
36
37
38
39
Yn
0.5396
0.5402
0.5410
0.5418
0.5424
0.5430
n
58
59
60
61
62
63
Yn
0.5515
0.5518
0.5521
0.5524
0.5527
0.5530
n
82
83
84
85
86
87
Yn
0.5572
0.5574
0.5576
0.5580
0.5581
0.5583
I-7
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
0.5157
0.5181
0.5202
0.5220
0.5236
0.5252
0.5268
0.5283
0.5296
0.5309
0.5320
0.5332
0.5343
0.5353
0.5362
0.5371
0.5380
0.5388
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
0.5436
0.5442
0.5448
0.5453
0.5458
0.5463
0.5468
0.5473
0.5477
0.5481
0.5485
0.5489
0.5493
0.5497
0.5501
0.5504
0.5508
0.5511
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
0.5533
0.5535
0.5538
0.5540
0.5543
0.5545
0.4458
0.5550
0.5552
0.5555
0.5557
0.5559
0.5561
0.5563
0.5565
0.5567
0.5569
0.5570
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
0.5585
0.5586
0.5587
0.5589
0.5591
0.5592
0.5593
0.5595
0.5596
0.5596
0.5598
0.5599
0.5600
Yn
0.9496
0.9676
0.9833
0.9971
1.0095
1.0206
1.0316
1.0411
1.0493
1.0565
1.0628
1.0696
1.0754
1.0811
1.0864
1.0915
1.0961
1.1004
1.1047
1.1086
1.1124
n
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
Yn
1.1226
1.1225
1.1285
1.1313
1.1339
1.1363
1.1388
1.1413
1.1436
1.1458
1.1480
1.1499
1.1519
1.1538
1.1557
1.1574
1.1590
1.1607
1.1623
1.1638
1.1658
n
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
Yn
1.1696
1.1708
1.1721
1.1734
1.1747
1.1759
1.1770
1.1782
1.1793
1.1803
1.1814
1.1824
1.1834
1.1844
1.1854
1.1863
1.1873
1.1881
1.1890
1.1898
1.1906
n
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
Yn
1.1930
1.1938
1.1945
1.1953
1.1959
1.1967
1.1973
1.1980
1.1987
1.1994
1.2001
1.2007
1.2013
1.2020
1.2026
1.2032
1.2038
1.2044
1.2049
1.2055
1.2060
I-8
31
32
1.1159
1.1193
54
55
1.1667
1.1681
77
78
1.1915
1.1923
100
1.2065
logXi
i1
logX
(logXi logX)
i1
n1
Cs
n (logXi logX)3
i1
(n 1)(n 2)(S3)
Cs
: koefisien kepencengan.
: jumlah data.
I-9
Log XT : nilai logaritma dari curah hujan rancangan dengan kala ulang tertentu.
LogX
b
bi
logXi
i =l
1
bi; m n/10
m
xs .xi xo2
2xo (xs xi )
Xo Log(xo b) =
1
(xo b)
log
n
1
2
xb2
. log
c
n1
xo b
dimana:
xs
xi
= banyaknya data
I-10
= Rmaks / mp
Rt
= mt R70
dimana :
Rt
mt, mp
= Koefisien Weduwen
I-11
Data diurutkan dari besar ke kecil dan juga ditentukan masingmasing peluangnya.
b.
X1
P(X1)
X2
P(X2)
Xm
P(Xm)
Xn
P(Xn)
c.
X1
P'(X1)
X2
P'(X2)
Xm
P'(Xm)
Xn
P'(Xn)
d.
Berdasarkan tabel
nilai
I-12
e.
Apabila
(X2 )Hit
EF
n
K
= banyaknya data
I-13
Ketidak-pastian dapat disebabkan oleh karena ukuran sample terlalu kecil atau
oleh karena salah memilih sistribusi peluang. Nilai kesalahan standar dari
perkiraan (standard error of estimate) dapat digunakan dalam menentukan
batas ketidak-pastian itu. Nilai kesalahan stnadar dariu perkiraan (SE),
merupakan ukuran variasi rata-rata sample X sekitar rata-rata populasi .
Nilai kesalahan standar dari perkiraan untuk periode ulang tertentu (SET)
dapat ditentukan dengan periode momen atau denganmetode duga maksimum.
Batas nilai SET terhadap nilai rata-ratanya desebut dengan batas daerah
kepercayaan (confident limit, confident interval) selanjutnya ditulis (BDK).
Dengan demikian batas daerah kepercayaan periode ulang merupakan daerah
densitas peluang pada kedua sisi kurva persamaan distribusi teoritis suatu data
peluang kumulatif tertentu. Persamaan batas daerah kepercayaan (BDK)
dengan metode momen sebagai berikut: (Soewarno, Hidrologi;178)
XT (SET) XT XT + (SET)
dimana :
XT = nilai variat X yang dapat diharapkan terjadi pada periode
ulang tertentu.
I-14
CONTOH SOAL
Tabel 6.1 Data Curah Hujan
I-15
PEMILIHAN DISTRIBUSI
Tabel 6.2 Pemilihan Distribusi
I-16
I-17
I-18
I-19
mogorov
Tabel 6.7 Nilai Kritis Do Untuk Uji Smirnof Kolmogorov
I-20
I-21
CONTOH SOAL 2
Tabel 6.9 Data Curah Hujan
I-22
Tabel 6.11 Perhitungan Curah Hujan Rencana Dengan Metode Log Normal
I-23
I-24
I-25
No
Tahun
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1997
32.67
2000
39.33
2004
42.00
2005
42.00
2003
49.33
1996
71.00
1998
73.00
2002
74.67
1999
99.33
2001
100.67
Log X rerata
SD
Cs
P
9.091
18.182
27.273
36.364
45.455
54.545
63.636
72.727
81.818
90.909
=
=
=
Log
X
1.514
1.595
1.623
1.623
1.693
1.851
1.863
1.873
1.997
2.003
1.764
0.175
0.082
Log XLogXr
-0.250
-0.169
-0.140
-0.140
-0.070
0.088
0.100
0.110
0.233
0.239
(Log XLogXr)2
0.06226
0.02851
0.01970
0.01970
0.00497
0.00768
0.00994
0.01199
0.05451
0.05725
(Log XLogXr)3
-0.01553
-0.00481
-0.00277
-0.00277
-0.00035
0.00067
0.00099
0.00131
0.01273
0.01370
Sumber : Hasil
Perhitungan
Tr
Pr
CS
G.S
Log X
Antilog X
1.01
2
5
10
20
25
50
100
99
50
20
10
5
4
2
1
0.082
0.082
0.082
0.082
0.082
0.082
0.082
0.082
0.175
0.175
0.175
0.175
0.175
0.175
0.175
0.175
-2.326
.0
0.842
1.282
1.673
1.751
2.054
2.326
-0.408
0.000
0.148
0.225
0.293
0.307
0.360
0.408
1.356
1.764
1.911
1.988
2.057
2.071
2.124
2.171
22.694
58.026
81.509
97.349
113.983
117.636
132.939
148.364
I-26
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Tahun
1997
2000
2004
2005
2003
1996
1998
2002
1999
2001
X
32.667
39.333
42.000
42.000
49.333
71.000
73.000
74.667
99.333
100.667
P(Xm)
9.091
18.182
27.273
36.364
45.455
54.545
63.636
72.727
81.818
90.909
Log
Xi
1.514
1.595
1.623
1.623
1.693
1.851
1.863
1.873
1.997
2.003
G
-1.423
-0.963
-0.801
-0.801
-0.402
0.500
0.569
0.625
1.332
1.365
Pr
100.718
85.611
78.533
36.646
70.002
20.004
29.733
27.741
2.542
1.365
P'(Xm)
-0.718
14.389
21.467
63.354
29.998
79.996
70.267
72.259
97.458
98.635
[P(Xm) - P(x)]
9.809
3.793
5.805
26.991
15.456
25.450
6.630
0.468
15.640
7.726
D max =
0.270
n
=
10
a
=
5%
D
kritis =
0.41
(tabel 2.5)
0.270
<
0.41
Dmaks < Dkritis, maka distribusi memenuhi
I-27
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Tahun
1997
2000
2004
2005
2003
1996
1998
2002
1999
2001
X rerata
SD
=
=
X
32.667
39.333
42.000
42.000
49.333
71.000
73.000
74.667
99.333
100.667
P
9.091
18.182
27.273
36.364
45.455
54.545
63.636
72.727
81.818
90.909
62.400
24.910
Tabel 6.18 Perhitungan Curah Hujan Rencana Dengan Berbagai Kala Ulang
Tr
1.01
Pr
99
Yt
-1.529
S
24.910
Yn
0.4952
Sn
0.9496
K
-2.132
X
9.293
I-28
2
5
10
20
25
50
100
50
20
10
5
4
2
1
0.367
1.500
2.250
2.970
3.199
3.902
4.600
24.910
24.910
24.910
24.910
24.910
24.910
24.910
0.4952
0.4952
0.4952
0.4952
0.4952
0.4952
0.4952
0.9496
0.9496
0.9496
0.9496
0.9496
0.9496
0.9496
-0.136
1.058
1.848
2.606
2.847
3.588
4.323
59.024
88.756
108.441
127.323
133.313
151.765
170.080
X = Xrerata + S * k
k = (X - Xrerata)/S
Xrerata =
62.400 mm
S
=
24.910
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tahun
1997
2000
2004
2005
2003
1996
1998
X
32.667
39.333
42.000
42.000
49.333
71.000
73.000
Pe
9.09
18.18
27.27
36.36
45.45
54.55
63.64
k
-1.194
-0.926
-0.819
-0.819
-0.525
0.345
0.426
Pt
3.692
8.010
10.350
10.350
18.457
49.261
52.026
| Pe - Pt |
5.399
10.171
16.922
26.013
26.997
5.285
11.610
8
9
10
2002
1999
2001
74.667
99.333
100.667
72.73
81.82
90.91
0.492
1.483
1.536
54.274
79.690
80.639
18.454
2.128
10.270
D max
n
a
D kritis =
=
=
=
0.41
0.270
10
5%
(tabel)
I-29
0.270
<
0.41
No
Tahun
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1997
32.67
2000
39.33
2004
42.00
2005
42.00
2003
49.33
1996
71.00
1998
73.00
2002
74.67
1999
99.33
2001
100.67
Log X rerata
SD
Cs
Log X
9.091
18.182
27.273
36.364
45.455
54.545
63.636
72.727
81.818
90.909
=
=
=
1.514
1.595
1.623
1.623
1.693
1.851
1.863
1.873
1.997
2.003
1.764
0.175
0.082
Log XLogXr
-0.250
-0.169
-0.140
-0.140
-0.070
0.088
0.100
0.110
0.233
0.239
(Log XLogXr)2
0.06226
0.02851
0.01970
0.01970
0.00497
0.00768
0.00994
0.01199
0.05451
0.05725
(Log XLogXr)3
-0.01553
-0.00481
-0.00277
-0.00277
-0.00035
0.00067
0.00099
0.00131
0.01273
0.01370
I-30
Tr
Pr
CS
G.S
Log X
Antilog X
1.01
2
99
50
0.082
0.175
-2.265
-0.397
1.367
23.255
0.082
0.175
-0.014
-0.002
1.761
57.701
20
0.082
0.175
0.837
0.147
1.910
81.348
10
10
0.082
0.175
1.290
0.226
1.990
97.671
20
0.082
0.175
1.697
0.298
2.061
115.117
25
0.082
0.175
1.779
0.312
2.075
118.964
50
0.082
0.175
2.097
0.368
2.131
135.285
100
0.082
0.175
2.387
0.418
2.182
152.033
Sumber : Hasil
Perhitungan
X
32.667
39.333
42.000
42.000
49.333
71.000
73.000
74.667
99.333
100.667
P(Xm)
9.091
18.182
27.273
36.364
45.455
54.545
63.636
72.727
81.818
90.909
Log Xi
1.514
1.595
1.623
1.623
1.693
1.851
1.863
1.873
1.997
2.003
G
-1.423
-0.963
-0.801
-0.801
-0.402
0.500
0.569
0.625
1.332
1.365
Pr
99.692
85.577
77.741
35.676
69.619
19.703
29.458
26.954
1.433
0.241
P'(Xm)
0.308
14.423
22.259
64.324
30.381
80.297
70.542
73.046
98.567
99.759
[P(Xm) - P(x)]
8.783
3.758
5.014
27.961
15.073
25.752
6.906
0.319
16.749
8.850
=
=
=
0.280
10
5%
(tabel
D kritis =
0.41
2.5)
0.280
<
0.41
Dmaks < Dkritis, maka distribusi memenuhi
I-31
Kala Ulang
1.01
1.052
1.111
1.25
Cs
10
25
50
100
200
1000
95
90
80
50
20
10
0.5
0.1
-2.326
-1.645
-1.282
-0.842
0.842
1.282
1.751
2.054
2.326
2.576
3.09
-0.1
-2.4
-1.673
-1.292
-0.836
0.017
0.846
1.27
1.716
2.252
2.482
2.95
-0.2
-2.472
-1.7
-1.301
-0.83
0.033
0.85
1.258
1.68
1.945
2.178
2.388
2.81
-0.3
-2.544
-1.726
-1.309
-0.824
0.05
0.853
1.245
1.643
1.89
2.104
2.294
2.675
-0.4
-2.615
-1.75
-1.317
-0.816
0.066
0.855
1.231
1.606
1.834
2.029
2.201
2.54
-0.5
-2.686
-1.774
-1.323
-0.808
0.083
0.856
1.216
1.567
1.777
1.955
2.108
2.4
-0.6
-2.755
-1.797
-1.328
-0.8
0.099
0.857
1.2
1.528
1.72
1.88
2.016
2.275
-0.7
-2.824
-1.819
-1.333
-0.79
0.116
0.857
1.183
1.488
1.663
1.806
1.926
2.15
I-32
-0.8
-2.891
-1.839
-1.336
-0.78
0.132
0.856
1.166
1.448
1.606
1.733
1.837
2.035
-0.9
-2.957
-1.858
-1.339
-0.769
0.148
0.854
1.147
1.407
1.549
1.66
1.749
1.91
-1
-3.022
-1.877
-1.34
-0.758
0.164
0.852
1.128
1.366
1.492
1.588
1.664
1.8
-1.1
-3.087
-1.894
-1.341
-0.745
0.18
0.848
1.107
1.324
1.435
1.518
1.581
1.713
-1.2
-3.149
-1.19
-1.34
-0.732
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0.788
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1.044
1.065
-2
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0.98
0.99
0.995
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0.939
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0.9
0.905
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0.838
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0.36
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0.799
0.8
0.802
-2.6
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0.747
0.764
0.768
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0.769
0.775
-2.7
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0.376
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0.738
0.74
0.74
0.741
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0.714
0.714
0.714
0.722
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0.33
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0.683
0.689
0.69
0.69
0.695
-3
-4.051
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-0.42
0.39
0.636
0.66
0.666
0.666
0.667
0.667
0.668
1.052
1.111
1.25
Cs
10
25
50
100
200
1000
95
90
80
50
20
10
0.5
0.1
-2.326
-1.645
-1.282
-0.842
0.842
1.282
1.751
2.054
2.326
2.576
3.09
0.1
-2.252
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-1.27
-0.846
-0.017
0.836
1.292
1.785
2.107
2.4
2.67
3.235
0.2
-2.175
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-1.258
-0.85
-0.033
0.83
1.301
1.818
2.159
2.472
2.763
3.38
0.4
-2.029
-1.524
-1.231
-0.855
-0.066
0.816
1.317
1.88
2.261
2.615
2.949
3.67
0.5
0.6
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-1.216
-1.2
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-0.857
-0.083
-0.099
0.808
0.8
1.323
1.328
1.91
1.939
2.311
2.359
2.686
2.755
3.041
3.132
3.815
3.96
0.7
-1.806
-1.423
-1.183
-0.857
-0.116
0.79
1.333
1.967
2.407
2.824
3.223
4.105
0.8
-1.733
-1.388
-1.166
-0.856
-0.132
0.78
1.336
1.993
2.453
2.891
3.312
4.25
0.9
-1.66
-1.353
-1.147
-0.854
-0.148
0.769
1.339
2.018
2.498
2.957
3.401
4.395
I-33
-1.588
-1.317
-1.128
-0.852
-0.164
0.758
1.34
2.043
2.542
3.022
3.489
4.54
1.1
-1.518
-1.28
-1.107
-0.848
-0.18
0.745
1.341
2.006
2.585
3.087
3.575
4.68
1.2
-1.449
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-0.844
-0.195
0.732
1.34
2.087
2.626
3.149
3.661
4.82
1.3
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-1.064
-0.838
-0.21
0.719
1.339
2.108
2.666
3.211
3.745
4.965
1.4
-1.318
-1.163
-1.041
-0.832
-0.225
0.705
1.337
2.128
2.706
3.271
3.828
5.11
1.5
-1.256
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-1.018
-0.825
-0.24
0.69
1.333
2.146
2.743
3.33
3.91
5.25
1.6
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-0.254
0.675
1.329
2.163
2.78
3.388
3.99
5.39
1.7
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-0.97
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-0.268
0.66
1.324
2.179
2.815
3.444
4.069
5.525
1.8
1.9
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-1.02
-0.984
-0.945
-0.92
-0.799
-0.788
-0.282
-0.294
0.643
0.627
1.318
1.31
2.193
2.207
2.848
2.881
3.499
3.553
4.147
4.223
5.66
5.785
-0.99
-0.949
-0.895
-0.777
-0.307
0.609
1.302
2.219
2.912
3.605
4.298
5.91
2.1
-0.946
-0.914
-0.869
-0.765
-0.319
0.592
1.294
2.23
2.942
3.656
4.372
6.055
2.2
-0.905
-0.882
-0.844
-0.752
-0.33
0.574
1.284
2.24
2.97
3.705
4.454
6.2
2.3
-0.867
-0.85
-0.819
-0.739
-0.341
0.555
1.274
2.248
2.997
3.753
4.515
6.333
2.4
-0.832
-0.819
-0.795
-0.725
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0.537
1.262
2.256
3.023
3.8
4.584
6.467
2.5
-0.799
-0.79
-0.771
-0.711
-0.36
0.518
1.25
2.262
3.048
3.845
3.652
6.6
2.6
-0.769
-0.762
-0.747
-0.696
-0.368
0.499
1.238
2.267
3.071
3.889
4.718
6.73
2.7
-0.74
-0.736
-0.724
-0.681
-0.376
0.479
1.224
2.272
3.097
3.932
4.783
6.86
2.8
-0.714
-0.711
-0.702
-0.666
-0.384
0.46
1.21
2.275
3.114
3.973
4.847
6.99
2.9
-0.69
-0.688
-0.681
-0.651
-0.39
0.44
1.195
2.277
3.134
4.013
4.909
7.12
-0.667
-0.665
-0.66
-0.636
-0.396
0.42
1.18
2.278
3.152
4.051
4.97
7.25
I-34