PERMIT SYSTEM

Soehatman Ramli

Latar Belakang
Lingkungan industri khususnya yang
mengelola bahan berbahayasangat
rawan terhadap bahaya kecelakaan.
Pada umumnya kecelakaan terjadi
pada pekerjaan pemeliharaan.
Perlu pengawasan dan pencegahan
yang baik melalui sistem ijin kerja

Philosophy Ijin Kerja

Tujuan sistem Ijin Kerja
mencegah kecelakaan
mencegah kebakaran dan peledakan
mencegah gangguan terhadap proses
produksi
dan lingkungan sekitarnya.
Melindungi manusia dan peralatan akibat
kondisi berbahaya

Manfaat Ijin Kerja

Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja
Mencegah kerugian akibat kecelakaan
Meningkatkan sikap tanggungjawab dan
disiplin kerja
Perlindungan hukum (claim) jika terjadi
kecelakaan
Sebagai dasar penyelidikan kecelakaan
Sebagai alat kontrol pengawasan K3
Meningkatkan kinerja K3 perusahaan

Safe Work Permits

Safe Work Permit

Permit #

Type: (hot work, confined space, line break, etc....

location:

Valid __/___/___ ____

From: M D Y
time

Issued to:

to

__/___/___
M D Y

____
time

Work Description:
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Atm Combustible vapors or gases (<10%)
Tests

________________________________
Supervisors Signature
Print name
Work Order No.

Oxygen Concentration (>19.5% & <21%)

Toxic Material Concentration

Precautions Always Required:

Tujuan sistem ijin kerja adalah untuk mengidentifikasi

semua bahaya yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan non
rutin, dan memberikan pengamanan untuk mencegah
potensi bahaya yang timbul

Sasaran Permit System

Melindungi peralatan dari kerusakan
Mencegah bahaya kebakaran
Memastikan pekerjaan dilakukan dengan
cara yang aman
Memberikan arahan mengenai cara yang
aman dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan

WORK PERMIT REQUIREMENT

Permit diperlukan untuk pekerjaan berikut ini
:

Major & Minor Maint. work.

Inspection.
Construction.
Alteration.
Process Equip. cleaning
Entry into confined space.
Excavation
Vehicle entry into hazardous areas etc.

Jenis Ijin Kerja

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Ijin Kerja Panas Hot Work Permit

Ijin Kerja Dingin Cold work Permit
Ijin kerja penggalian _ Digging Permit
Ijin Kerja Masuk Ruang Tertutup Entry
Permit
Ijin Kerja Radioaktif
Ijin Kerja Listrik
Ijin Kerja di ketinggian
Dsb.

Prinsip Permit System

THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON

FUEL

TEMPERATURE

Prinsip Ijin Kerja

Bahan
bakar

Oksigen

Panas

1. Mengendalikan Bahan
Bakar
2. Mengendalikan Panas
3. Mengendalikan Oksigen

Prinsip Ijin Kerja

Mengendalikan Bahan Bakar
Bahan
bakar

Mencegah atau
mengendalikan adanya
sumber bahan bakar
Boleh menggunakan api

Oksigen

Panas

Menggunakan Ijin Kerja

Panas

Ijin Kerja Panas, menggunakan atau menimbulkan

sumber panas, atau nyala seperti pekerjaan
pengelasan, api dapur, sant blasting dll.
Unsur yang dihindarkan adalah adanya sumber bahan
bakar dengan melakukan gas test.

Prinsip Ijin Kerja

Mengendalikan Panas
Bahan
bakar

Oksigen

Sumber bahan bakar tidak

bisa dikendalikan dan
dapat timbul sewaktuwaktu
Panas

Kendalikan atau cegah

adanya/timbulnya sumber
panas atau energi

Jenis Ijin Kerja Dingin

Ijin Kerja Dingin, adalah pekerjaan yang tidak atau
tidak boleh menimbulkan adanya sumber panas atau
percikan api.
Sumber bahan bakar diperkirakan timbul setiap saat
Contoh pekerjaan menggunakan palu di tanki minyak

Prinsip Ijin Kerja

Mengendalikan Oksigen
Bahan
bakar

Oksigen

Kadar Oksigen
diperkirakan tidak aman
bagi manusia atau untuk
kelangsungan proses
pembakaran (segi tiga api)
Panas

Ijin Masuk ruang tertutup

Ijin Kerja Ruang tertutup dimana kadar oksigen harus

diperhitungkan untuk keselamatan pekerja

Sistem Ijin Kerja

Pihak yang terlibat dalam sistem ijin kerja
Issuing
Authority

Ijin Kerja
Safety
Advisor

Perrforming
Authority

Sistem Ijin Kerja

Issuing Authority Pemberi Ijin
Yaitu pihak operasi atau pengawas
daerah/peralatan yang bertindak sebagai pihak
yang memberikan ijin melaksanakan suatu
pekerjaan yang menyangkut tempat, alat atau
lingkungan
Issuing Authority adalah :

Pengawas Operasi
Shift superintendent
Kepala pabrik
Pengawas instalasi dll

Sistem Ijin Kerja

Issuing Authority Pemberi Ijin
Tugas dan tanggungjawab
Memebebaskan semua perlatan dan proses
yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan dari
semua sumber bahaya dan energi sehingga
aman untuk dikerjakan.
Mengamankan peralatan, tempat kerja dan
proses untuk keamanan pekerjaan,
termasuk memasang sorokan,
membersihkan alat, menyetop kegiatan
sementara waktu, melakukan isolasi sumber
energi dsb.

Sistem Ijin Kerja

Performing Authority Penerima ijin
Yaitu pihak yang melaksanakan
pekerjaan yang menyangkut suatu alat,
tempat kerja atau fasilitas
Pelaksanaa Pekerjaan :

Bagian pemeliharaan
Bagian teknik sipil, listrik atau mekanik
Pekerja telekomunikasi
Pekerja pembersihan dll

Sistem Ijin Kerja

Performing Authority Penerima ijin
Tugas dan tanggung jawab :
Melaksanakan pekerjaan dilakukan
dengan cara yang aman menyangkut
pekerja, peralatan dan metoda
pelaksanaan.
Mematuhi semua rekomendasi yang
dikeliuarkan oleh pemberi ijin dan bagian
K3
Mengawasoi secara langsung selama
kegiatan kerja berlangsung dan segera
mengambil tindakan jika ditemukan
kondisi berbahaya

Sistem Ijin Kerja

Unsur Pengawas Keselamatan
Yaitu pihak yang bertanggungjawab
memberikan saran dan petunjuk serta
pengawasan keselamatan selama
pekerjaan berlangsung
Unsur pengawasan terdiri atas :

Fungsi K3 perusahaan
Fungsi Listrik
Fungsi Inspeksi
Fungsi Telekomunikasi
Dll yang diperlukan

Sistem Ijin Kerja

Unsur Pengawas Keselamatan
Tugas dan tanggungjawab
Melaksanakan monitoring selama
pekerjaan berlangsung
Meneliti dan meyakinkan bahwa semua
syarat keselamatan telah dipenuhi
Memberikan rekomendasi cara kerja yang
aman
Melaksanakan pengetesan gas
berbahaya
Menghentikan pekerjaan jika dinilai
kondisi keselamatan tidak terjamin atau
terjadi pelanggaran prosedur

Ijin Kerja Panas

Semua pekerjaan yang menggunakan atau
menimbulkan energi panas atau bunga api yang
memiliki cukup energi untuk proses pembakaran.
Jenis pekerjaan panas :
Pengelasan
merokok, menyalakan api dapur,, korek api
Menghidupkan kendaraan dengan internal
combustion engine di daerah berbahaya gas
sand blasting
Penggunaan alat pneumatik
Peralatan listrik
dll

Ijin Kerja Panas

Persyaratan Utama
Harus bebas gas (gas free)
Bebas dari sumber bahaya dari
lingkungan, minimal dalam radius 25
meter
Dilaksanakan pemeriksaan gas secara
berkala

Ijin Kerja Panas

Tindakan pengamanan (safety precaution)
Memeriksa kondisi gas berbahaya setiap
saat
Mengisolir dan mengamankan semua
sumber bahan bakar seperti perpipaan,
parit terbuka, venting dsb
Memasang tirai air untuk pengamanan
sumber panas

Ijin Kerja Dingin

Semua pekerjaan yang tidak menggunakan
sumber panas atau tidak diperkenankan
menimbulkan sumber panas.
Jenis pekerjaan Dingin :
Menggunakan martil besi didaerah gas (tindakan anti
bunga api)
Mengecat di daerah berbahaya
Perbaikan pompa atau peralatan proses yang sedang
beroperasi
Menggali di daerah unit proses
dll

Ijin Kerja Dingin

Persyaratan
Tidak boleh timbul sumber api (percikan, bunga api
dsb)
Harus dilakukan tindakan anti bunga api, misalnya
dengan membasahkan peralatan dengan air,
penggunaan martil tembaga atau kuningan dsb
Diperlukan tindakan waspada karena adanya sumber
gas berbahaya tidak dapat dikendalikan misalnya
bekerja di lingkungan unit proses yang sedang
beroperasi
Semua peralatan kerja harus diamankan dari
kemungkinan terjadinya percikan bunga api.

Ijin Kerja Ruang Tertutup

Bekerja di lingkungan dengan kadar oksigen tidak
memadai
Contoh :
Masuk dan bekerja dalam tangki bekas berisi bahan
cair mudah terbakar
Bekerja dalam ruangan dengan ventiliasi terbatas

Ijin Kerja Penggalian

Diperlukan untuk pekerjaan yang
melakukan galian tanah :
Penggalian jalur pipa
Penggalian tanah untuk konstruksi
dll

Safe Work Permits

Excavations may expose hazardous materials, which have leaked and are
contaminating the soil.
Permits ensure that procedures to protect workers from exposure to toxic
substances have been identified.

Ijin Kerja Listrik

Untuk melindungi pekerjaan yang
menggunakan peralatan listrik atau
bekerja pada lingkungan peralatan atau
sarana pembangkit dan penyalur listrik

PREPARATION OF
WORKPERMIT

PREPARATION OF THE EQUIPMENT

Equipment electrically isolated

Inspection tested(for cold & hot job)
Isolated from steam,air & gas
Depressurized
Drained
Positively isolated/blinded
Steamed & water flushed

PREPARATION OF EQUIP. CONTD.

Ventilated & gas freed
Continuous inert gas flow / continuous
adequate ventilation arranged.
Vehicle/equipment in good condition with
spark arrested
Radiation source removed(Confined space
entry)

PREPARATION OF EQUIP. CONTD.

Ventilated & gas freed
Continuous inert gas flow / continuous
adequate ventilation arranged.
Vehicle/equipment in good condition with
spark arrested
Radiation source removed(Confined space
entry)

RESIDUAL HAZARDS

Lack of oxygen
H2S and/or any other toxic gases
Combustible gases
Corrosive chemicals
Steam / Condensate
Pyrophoric iron
High humidity

RESIDUAL HAZARDS

Lack of oxygen
H2S and/or any other toxic gases
Combustible gases
Corrosive chemicals
Steam / Condensate
Pyrophoric iron
High humidity

PROTECTION MEASURES

Protective clothing
Hearing protection
Safety Harness
Eye protection
Face protection
Respiratory protection
Keep fire equipment stand-by

PROTECTIVE MEASURES CONTD.

Barricade the area

Remove flammable and combustible
Cover with fire retardant tarpaulin
Crane with basket stand-by
Attendance with Airline set
keep man ways open
Allow minimum possible no. of persons inside
confined space

PROTECTIVE MEASURES
CONTD.

To ensure positive isolation & maintain it

all through
Ensure adequate ventilation all through
Display copy of entry permit near entry
manhole

GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT

Why gas test is required ?
Most of the gases are unwanted
Hazards involved -

Flammability(Fire & Explosion)

Toxicity(health hazard)
Oxygen Deficiency

GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT

Common flammable gases/liquids in

refinery are All petroleum products,Crude and
intermediates
Hydrogen
LPG
Common toxic gases in refinery H2S, CO,NH3,CL2, etc.

GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT

COMMON TERMINOLOGIES :
For flammable substances:
Flash Point :
Minimum temp. at which a liquid gives off
sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mix. It
will give a flash, flame will not continue.
Auto Ignition Temp.:
The lowest temp. to which a substance will
ignite without a spark or flame.

GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT

Explosive limit :
The concentration range of vapor in
air when propagation of
flame(ignition) occurs in presence of
an ignition source.
LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) :
The minimum concentration of vapor
to air required to propagate(ignite)
flame.

GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT

UEL(Upper Explosive Limit) :
The maximum vapor to air conc.above
which propagation of a flame will not
occur(will not ignite).

GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT

Material
Hydrogen
Methane
Propane
Naphtha
ATK/ATF
Diesel
Fuel Oil

LEL
4
5
2
1.1
0.7
0.7
1

UEL
75
15
9.5
5.9
5.0
5.0
5.0

F Pt.(C) AIT(C)
Gas
585
Gas
538
- 104
466
- 18
288
35-50
210
32-96
256
66
262-407

GAS TEST CONTD.

Toxic substances :
TLV (Threshold Limit Value / PEL(Permissible
Exposure Limit) :
The maximum permissible conc. of a toxic
substance to which exposure of a person will
have no adverse effect on health for working 8
hrs per day.
STEL(Short Term Exposure Limit) :
Maximum conc. to which worker can be exposed
for a period of 15 mins. without any adverse
effect to health.

GAS TEST CONTD.

IDLH(Immediate Danger to Life & Health)
A maximum conc. from which one can
escape within 30 mins. without irreversible
health effect.
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE (H2S)
Highly toxic, combustible, colorless.
Smells like rotten egg.

GAS TEST - H2S

EFFECTS ON HUMAN BODY
PHYSICAL EFFECT
CONC.(PPM)
Can be smelled as rotten egg
0.13
TLV
10
STEL
15
Smelling sense will dry within
150 - 200
2 mins, burning sensation in
eye & throat

GAS TEST - H2S CONTD.

PHYSICAL EFFECT
CONC(PPM)
IDLH(Loss of smelling sense,
300
heavy breathing, dizziness,
headache,and total collapse
within 1 to 4 Hrs)
Dizziness,headache,lungs
450
problem and total collapse within 30 to
60 mins.

GAS TEST-H2S CONTD.

PHYSICAL EFFECT
CONC(PPM)
Slow down of heart beats,
700
heavy breathing with coughing,
then death, if not rescued
Fatal emergency

over 700

Explosive limits : 4.6 to 46%, it gives blue flame

when ignited.

GAS TEST-H2S CONTD.

FIRST AID :
IF INHALED Remove exposed person to fresh air and
administer oxygen immediately.
PROTECTION:
Use fresh air mask in case conc. exceeds
10 PPM

TOXIC GAS - CO
TOXIC AS WELL AS FLAMMABLE
TLV
50 PPM
STEL
- 400 PPM
IDLH
- 1500 PPM
LEL
- 12.5%
UEL
- 74 %

GAS TEST - CO
HEALTH HAZARDS:
CO combines with hemoglobin of blood and
make it unable to carry oxygen.
Symptoms : Headache, dizziness to
unconscious and ultimately death.
First Aid :
Remove to fresh air and apply oxygen at the
earliest.

OTHER TOXIC GASES

TOXIC GAS

TLV

NH3
SO2
CL2

25
2
0.5

STEL IDLH
35
5
1

30

GAS TEST CONTD.

For hot work the gas test results shall be :
Combustible - Below 1 % LEL
( Preferably NIL)
For confined space entry :
Oxygen - 19.5% minimum
Combustible - 10 % LEL Max.
Toxic gases - below TLV

GAS TEST CONTD.

Confined space With BA protection :
Combustible - 20% of LEL maximum
H2S - Less than 100 PPM
CO - Less than 500 PPM
However, no hot job can be carried out
inside the confined space at this
condition.

WORKS NEED GAS TEST

Gas tests are required for all hot
work/vehicle entry and confined space
entry permits & some cold permits also.
Issuing authority shall determine the
requirement of gas test & frequency of
re-checking.
Trained Gas tester only shall carry out
the test.

RESPONSIBILIES OF GAS
TESTING AUTHORITY
To check & confirm that the gas
testing instrument is working in
perfect condition before proceeding
for the area/equipment
To carry out gas test at all critical
locations/positions
To advise on safe method to work
inside/at the location i.e., further
gas freeing , use of PPE etc.

ELECTRICAL ISOLATION
Before issuing a Work Permit, it is
essential to ensure that the equipment /
facility to be worked on is electrically
safe and electrical power is isolated to
the extent necessary for the safe
conduct of the authorized work.
Issuing, Executing authorities and
Electrical Maintenance shall jointly
decide the extent of isolation required.

SPECIAL REQUIREMENT FOR WORKING WITH RADIOGRAPHY

Risk assessment through checklist
Barricade the area and provide adequate warning
signs.
Film badges and Dosimeters shall be worn by
personnel
handling radiography equip.
job preferably during night time or with least or no
person around.
Continuous monitoring of cordoned off area

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR HOT WORK

The person who authorizes the Hot Work
Permit is responsible for ensuring that the site
and the equipment are properly prepared to
prevent the danger of fire & explosion involving
flammable material.
The equipment shall be emptied and cleaned
of flammable materials and isolated from
sources of hydrocarbons by means of
disconnection, blanking or insertion of blinds.

 Equipment and surrounding areas shall be checked

to ensure that they are free from any combustible
gas.Carry out gas test.
Any heavy oil deposit, dried vegetation or other
flammable / combustible materials within 8 m of a hot
work site shall be cleared away.
No hot work shall be allowed within a radius of 15 m
of any sample point, drain or relief valve outlet unless
precautions have been taken to prevent the escape
of flammable liquids and vapors.

 The outlet of all units drain seals within 15 m of the

hot work shall be plugged.
If welding or grinding is to be done at height, then
precautions shall be taken to prevent the spread of
sparks and molten metal to the surrounding of the
work area with fire-resisting or flame-retarding
tarpaulin.
A hose capable of reaching up to the hot work point
and connected to fire water main.
Fire Station (333/5989) shall be informed of hot
work.

VALIDITY OF PERMIT
Work permit shall be initially issued for a
period of 8 hrs. and shall be renewed for
one more shift .
On need basis , permit can be given for
max. 7 days period.
Clearance to be obtained every shift.
Clearance to be given after physically
checking the site.