Hadi Sarosa
Evolusi
Gen Pengalaman
Dorsomedial
Prefrontal
Cortex
Ventromedial
Prefrontal
Cortex
Lateral
Temporal
Cortex
Vision
Occipital Lobe Deficits--Problems
Defects in vision (Visual Field Cuts).
Difficulty with locating objects in environment.
Difficulty with identifying colors (Color Agnosia).
Production of hallucinations
Visual illusions - inaccurately seeing objects.
Word blindness - inability to recognize words.
Difficulty in recognizing drawn objects.
Inability to recognize movement of an object
(Movement Agnosia).
Difficulties with reading and writing.
Amygdala,
Hippocampus dan
nuclei septal
Fungsi
Pengaturan olfactori
Respon autonom
Perilaku sexual
Emosi : marah, takut
Motivasi
Komunikasi Neuron di Otak
A. IMPULS LISTRIK
B. ZAT KIMIA : NEUROTRANSMITTER
1. Asetil kolin 4. Neuropeptide
2. Asam amino Somatostatin
Gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Endorphin
Glutamat
Enkaphalin
Aspartat
substance P
Glycine
3. Monoamine
Dopamin
Histamin
NE
Serotonin
Otak : listrik & Neurotransmitter
Potensial membran
Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmiter
Glutamat eksitatorik
Aspartat
Asam Amino
Glisin
Gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) Inhibitorik
Molekul Kecil
Konvensional dopamin
Catecholamines ( Tirosin) epinefrin
Mono Amine
norepinefrin
Indolalamin (Tryptophan) serotonin
Asetilkolin Asetilkolin
Gas gas yang dapat Oksida Nitrit
Molekul Kecil tak larut Karbon monosida
Konvensional
Endokanabinoida
Anandamida
Peptida pituitaria
Molekul Besar Neuropeptide Peptida hipotalamik
Peptida opiat
Neurotransmiter
Sistem ekstrapiramidal
Neurotransmitter
The Dopamine
Pathways
Nigrostriatal pathway
Substantia Nigra to Striatum
. Motor control
. Death of neurons in
this pathway can result in
Parkinson's Disease
Tuberoinfundibular pathway
Hypothalamus to Pituitary gland
. Hormonal regulation
Mesolimbic and Mesocortical pathways . Maternal behavior (nurturing)
Ventral Tegmental Area to Nucleus . Pregnancy
Accumbens, Amygdala & Hippocampus, . Sensory processes
and Prefrontal Cortex
. Memory
. Motivation and emotional response
. Reward and desire
. Addiction
. Can cause hallucinations and schizophrenia if
not functioning properly
The Serotonin Pathways
(gamma-aminobutyric
acid) are the brain's major
"workhorse"
neurotransmitters. Over PCP
"angel Tranquilize
dust" Caffeine Alcohol rs increase
half of all brain synapses increases increases
glutamate
increases GABA
activity
glutamate GABA
release glutamate, and 30- activity activity activity