it might be assumed that the management decision to launch was prompted in

part by concerns for the health of the company and the space program as a
whole. given the political climate at the time of the launch , if problems and
delays continued , ultimately thiokol might have lost nasa contracts , or nasa
budgets might have been severely reduced . clearly , this scenario could have led
to the loss of many jobs at thiokol and nasa. how might these considerations
ethically be factored into the decision ?

itu mungkin anggapkan bahawa keputusan pengurusan untuk melancarkan adalah

didorong sebahagian untuk keprihatinan terhadap syarikat dan program luar
angkasa secara keseluruhannya. mengingat iklim politik pada saat pelancaran, jika
masalah dan kelewatan berterusan, akhirnya Thiokol mungkin telah kehilangan
kontrak nasa ataupun perbelanjaaan nasa mungkin sudah sangat berkurang. jelas,
senario ini boleh menyebabkan kehilangan banyak pekerjaan di Thiokol dan
NASA. bagaimana mungkin ini menjadi faktor pertimbangan beretika dalam
keputusan?
these considerations ethically be factored into the decision disebabkan ini adalah
melibatkan kos dimana seperti yang diketahui perbelanjaan nasa akan terus
meningkat sekiranya penangguhan terus dibuat untuk tujuan pembaikan dan selain
itu diketahui juga penangguhan akan menyebabkan pihak nasa terpaksa
menangguhkan pelancaran shuttle untuk memeriksa komet halley dan ini akan
menyebabkan pihak rusia melakukannya terlebih dahulu. Oleh kerana tidak ingin
perkara ini berlaku , pelancaran shuttle challenger harus diteruskan juga pada masa
yang ditetapkan dan diketahui ini adalah berunsurkan politik dimana terdapat
perlumbaan untuk penerokaan angkasa lepas antara pihak amerika dan rusia pada
masa itu.isu mengenai kemungkinan penamatan kontrak terhadap Thiokol juga
menjadi faktor kerana apabila kontrak ditamatkan , maka ini akan menyebabkan
kerugian pada Thaikol dan akan memberikan kesan kepada pekerjanya. Oleh yang
demikian , pihak Thaikol terpaksa meneruskan dan meluluskan pelancaran shuttle
walaupun tahu masalah yang dihadapi oleh shuttle tersebut disebabkan desakan
pihak pengurusan dan nasa. Namun tindakan jurutera Thaikol ada la tidak wajar
dari segi etika kerana menurut kod etika

the cost will start to increase if the challenger launching still delaying due to
repairing the O-ring joint
These considerations ethically be factored into the decision because this is where the
cost of known expenses such as NASA will continue to increase if delays continue to be
made for purposes other than repair and is also known to cause delays will postpone
the launch of the shuttle forced NASA to examine the comet Halley and this will cause
the Russian launch they rocket first. Because don’t want these things to be happen, the
launch of shuttle challenger must also be continued at the prescribed time and this is
also based on political factor where there is aerospace exploration race between the
U.S. and Russia at that time. Likely issues regarding termination of contract of Thiokol
also be factors because when the contract is terminated, then this will cause losses on
Thiokol and will give effect to its employees. That’s why, the Thiokol had approved the
launch of the shuttle and continue even know the problems faced by the challenger
shuttle was due to pressure from the management and NASA. But Thiokol engineers
action is not appropriate in terms of engineering ethics because according to the code
of ethics:

NSPE ii.1 Engineer shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfares of the
public.
NSPE ii.1.b Engineer shall approve only those engineering documents that are in
conformity with applicable standards.