Geofisika Reservoir 1

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 Teknik Geofisika
Bidang Keahlian Seismik Eksplorasi 2
Minggu Pertemuan Materi Tugas
Pendahuluan
1 1
Jenis jenis reservoar
2 Properti reservoir : Petrophysical properties 2
3 Properti reservoir : Rock physics properties 3 3
4 Seismik stratigrafi : Konsep stratigrafi 4
Lingkungan pengendapan batuan sedimen
5 5
Batuan klastik & karbonat
Model pengendapan batuan sedimen
6 6
Batas stratigrafi, Geometri bidang batas dan konfigurasi internal lapisan
7 Seismik Inversi : Impedansi seismik dan koeefisien refleksi 7
8 Evaluasi Tengah Semester
Seismik Inversi
9 8
Jenis jenis wavelet, Metoda inversi dan jenis inversi seismik
10 AVO : Pemodelan AVO & AVO attributes 9
11 AVO : Azimuthal AVO dan AVAZ 10
12 Geostatistik : Variogram, Kriging & Simulasi Gaussian 11
Pemodelan reservoar
13 12
Pemodelan V-Shale, Pemodelan Porositas & Pemodelan Saturasi air
14 Perhitungan volumetric : Simulasi Monte Carlo 13
15 Studi Kasus
16 Evaluasi Akhir Semester
Penilaian : 30 % ETS + 30 % EAS + 15 % Tugas + 25 % Praktikum Kuliah-02/ 2017
 4

Jack P. Dvorkin Kuliah-03/ 2017

Rock Physics 5

Jack P. Dvorkin Kuliah-03/ 2017

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Methods of Rock Physics
(Reflection and Inversion) 7

Reflection amplitude
carries information
about elastic contrast
in the subsurface.

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Methods of Rock Physics
(Reflection and Inversion) 8

Inversion attempts to
translate this information
into elastic properties at a
point in space.

Point properties are

important because we are
interested in absolute
values of porosity and
saturation at a point in
space.

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Basics Elasticity 9

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Basics Elasticity 10

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Basics Dynamic and Static Elasticity 11

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Basics Dynamic and Static Elasticity 12

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Basics Dynamic and Static Elasticity 13

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Density of Porous Rocks 19

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Density of Porous Rocks 20

Density vs Water Saturation - Porosity = 33%

Densities: Oil = 0.8 Gas = 0.001
2.2

2.1

Density
2

1.9

1.8

1.7
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Oil Gas Water Saturation

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P Wave Velocity of Porous Rocks 21

(Wyllie’s Time Average Model)

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P Wave Velocity of Porous Rocks 22

Velocity vs Sw with Volume Avg. Eq.

Por = 33% , Voil = 1300 m/s, Vgas = 300 m/s
3500

3000
Velocity (m/sec)

2500

2000

1500

1000
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Oil Gas Water Saturation
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Seismic Velocities of Porous Rocks 23

(Biot-Gassman Model)

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Seismic Velocities of Porous Rocks 24

(Biot-Gassman Model)

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Poisson’s Ratio 25

• A common way of looking at the ratio of VP to VS is to use

Poisson’s ratio, defined as:
 2
 
2  2
2
 VP 
where :    
 VS 
The inverse to the above formula, allowing you to derive VP or VS from , is
given by:
2  2
 
2  1 Kuliah-03/ 2017
Examples of Biot-Gassman Model Poisson Ratios 26

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Fluid and Lithology Discrimination 27

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Fluid and Lithology Discrimination 28

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Vp, Vs and the Mudrock Line 29

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Vp, Vs and the Mudrock Line 30

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Approximating the Zoeppritz Equations 31

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Approximating the Zoeppritz Equations 32

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Approximating the Zoeppritz Equations 33

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Approximating the Zoeppritz Equations 34

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Approximation Validity 35

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P-reflection amplitudes for top (-ve RC) and
bottom (+ve RC) of gas sand 36

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P-reflection amplitudes for top (-ve RC) and
bottom (+ve RC) of gas sand 37

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