Perencanaan Rangka Atap Baja PDF
Perencanaan Rangka Atap Baja PDF
PENDAHULUAN
A4 A4'
A3 A3'
V4 V4'
4.2000
A2 A2'
V3 D3 D3' V3'
17.0000
8
1.2. PERHITUNGAN PANJANG BATANG
a. Kemiringan Kuda-Kuda
4,2
tgα = 8,5 = 0,494
α = 26,29°
Atot = 9,481 m
A = 2,37 m
c. Batang Horizontal
B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = B4 = B3’ = B2’ = B1’
8,5
B= = 2,125 meter
4
d. Batang Vertikal
V1 = V1’ = tgα x 2,25 = tg 26,29 x 2,125 = 1,04 m
V2 = V2’ = tgα x 2,25 x 2 = tg 26,29 x 2,125 x 2 = 2,08 m
V3 = V3’ = tgα x 2,25 x 3 = tg 26,29 x 2,125 x 3 = 3,12 m
V4 = V4, = tgα x 2,25 x 4 = tg 26,29 x 2,125 x 4 = 4,16 m
e. Batang Diagonal
D1 = D1’ = 2,08 2
+2,125 2
= 2,973 m
D2 = D2’ = D1 = 2,08 2
+2,125 2
= 2,973 m
D3 = D3’ = 4,16 2
+2,125 2
= 4,671 m
9
Batang Panjang Batang Panjang Batang Panjang Batang Panjang
Batang Batang Batang Batang
A1 2,37 B1 2.125 V1 1,04 D1 2,97
A2 2,37 B2 2.125 V2 2,08 D2 2,97
A3 2,37 B3 2.125 V3 3,12 D3 4,67
A3 2,37 B4 2.125 V4 4,16 D1’ 2,97
A1’ 2,37 B1’ 2.125 V1’ 1,04 D2’ 2,97
A2’ 2,37 B2’ 2.125 V2’ 2,08 D3’ 4,67
A3’ 2,37 B3’ 2.125 V3’ 3,12
A4’ 2,37 B4’ 2.125
10
BAB II
PERENCANAAN GORDING
2.1. PERHITUNGA
N MUATAN GORDING
Untuk kasau dan reng dipakai kayu semantok dengan BJ = 37 gr/cm2
berdasarkan PPI 1983
Direncanakan memakai gording dengan profil LLC 100 x 50 x 20 x 2,3
mm dari daftar profil baja didapat :
y
Ix = 80,7 cm 4 .
b
Iy = 19,0 cm4
Wx = 16,1 cm 3
c
Wy = 6,06 cm3
F = 5,17 cm2
d q = 4,06 kg /m
b = 50 mm = 5 cm
x x
h d = 2,3 mm = 0,23 cm
c = 20 mm = 2 cm
h = 100 mm = 10 cm
x = 18,6 mm = 1,86 cm
y = 50 mm = 5,0 cm
e
y
11
2.1.1. Muatan Mati
- berat sendiri LLC 100 x 50 x 20 x 3,2 = 4,06 kg/m
- berat atap kasau reng 5 x 0,6 = 3,00 kg/m
Jumlah = 7,06 kg/m
x qx = q Cos α
qy = q Sin α
qy
qx
q
3 1 .2 1 6 °
x px = p Cos α
py = p Sin α
py
px
p
3 1 .2 1 6 °
12
px = p cos α = 100 x cos 25,02° = 90,61 kg
py = p sin α = 100 x sin 25,02° = 42,29 kg
1 1
Mx = Px .L = x 90,61 x 4 = 90,61 kg
4 4
1 1
My = Px .L = x 42,29 x 4 = 42,29 kg
4 4
1 1
Dx = Px = x 90,61 = 45,30 kg
2 2
1 1
Dy = Px = x 42,29 = 21,14 kg
2 2
13
= 0,020 x 25,02 – 0,4
= 0,10
koefesien angin hisap = - 0,4
a. Angin tekan
qx = 0,10 x 0,6 x 55 = 3,30 Kg/m
qy = 0 (arah angin tegak lurus bidang atap ,sehingga tidak punya nilai )
1 1
Mx = q x . L2 = x 3,30 x 42 = 6,60 Kg m
8 8
My = 0
1 1
Dx = qx.L = x 3,30 x 4 = 6,60 Kg
2 2
Dy = 0
b. Angin Hisap
qx = - 0,4 x 0,6 x 55 = - 13,20 kg/m
qy = 0 (arah angin tegak lurus bidang atap ,ssehingga tidak punya nilai )
1 1
Mx = q x . L2 = x – 13,20 x 42 = - 26,4 Kg m
8 8
My = 0
1 1
Dx = qx.L = x – 13,20 x 4 = - 26,4 Kg
2 2
Dy = 0
14
Tabel 2.1. Kombinasi Pembebanan
MUATAN HIDUP MUATAN ANGIN kombinasi
MUATAN MATI Muatan terpusat Muatan air hujan tekan hisap primer seknder
MD
1 2 3 4 5 6=1+2 7=1+2+4
Mx(kg.m) 12,78 90,61 21,70 6,60 -26,4 103,39 109,99
My(kg.m) 5,96 42,29 10,12 0 0 48,25 48,25
Dx(kg) 12,78 45,30 21,70 6,60 -26,4 58,08 64,68
Dy(kg) 5,96 21,14 10,12 0 0 27,10 27,10
7
2.2 KONTROL TEGANGAN UNTUK GORDING
Tegangan akibat pembebanan tetap (kombinasi primer)
Mx = 103,39 Kgm
My = 48,25 Kgm
Wx = 16,1 Cm3
Wy = 6,01 Cm3
Mx My 10519,2 6374,7
σ ytb = + = + = 1310 ,082 kg/cm 2
Wx Wy 21,3 7,81
Mx My 11997,6 6374,7
σ ytb = + = + = 1379 ,49 kg/cm 2
Wx Wy 21,3 7,81
σ ytb = 1485,99 Kg/Cm2 < σ = 1,3 x 1600 = 2080 Kg/Cm2 Aman
5 qy ⋅L
2
5 0,00596 . 400 4
Fx 1 = ⋅ = . = 0.089 cm
384 E ⋅ I x 384 (2,1.10 6 ).107
5 q x ⋅ L2 5 0,098 .400 4
Fy 1 = ⋅ = . = 0,635 cm
384 E ⋅ I y 384 (2,1.10 6 ).24,5
8
1 Px ⋅ L3 1 0,855 × 400 3
Fy 2 = ⋅ = ⋅ = 0,022 cm
48 E ⋅ Iy 48 (2,1 ×10 6 ) . 24,5
5 q x ⋅ L2 5 0,0739 . (400) 4
Fy 3 = ⋅ = x = 0,479 cm
384 E ⋅ I y 384 (2,1 ×10 6 ). 24,5
= (0,092 ) 2 +(1,136 ) 2
= 1,140 cm
h
x x t = 3,2 mm = 0,32 cm
h = 100 mm = 10 cm
c = 20 mm = 2 cm
x = 18,6 mm = 1,86 cm
e y = 50 mm = 5 cm
y
Perhitungan Momen Statis Dari Bidang Geser Gording
9
Terhadap Sumbu x – x
F1 = 5 x 0,32 = 1,600 cm2
F2 = (5 – 0,32) x 0,32 = 1,498 cm2
6.5
F3 = (2 - 0,32) x 0,32 = 0,538 cm2
0,25
0,32
Y1 = 5 - = 4,84 cm
2,0 2
7,5 5 − 0,32
Y2 = = 2,34 cm
2
2
Y3 = (2 − 0,32 ) − = 0,84
2
cm
BY = 2 . 0,32 = 0,64 cm
3 tegangan geser akibat pembebanan tetap (kombinasi primer )
10
Dx.Sx Dy.Sy
τ y +b = bx. Ix
+
by.Iy
BAB III
11
PEMBEBANAN KUDA –KUDA DAN PERHITUNGAN
GAYA BATANG
12
3.2. PERLIMPAHAN MUATAN PADA TITIK BUHUL
3.2.1 Perlimpahan Muatan Mati Dan Muatan Hidup (Pembebanan Tetap)
Titik buhul C = D = E = G = H = I
- Berat seng 7 kaki = 1/2 ( 2,558 + 2,558 ) 4 x 10 = 102,320 kg
- Berat gording = (4 x 5,5) + (1/2 x 4 x 5,5) = 33,000 kg
- Berat kuda – kuda = 1/16 ( 17,5 x 4 x 22,5 ) = 98,438 kg
- Berat braching = 1/16 (17,5 x 4 x 5,625 ) = 24,609 kg
- Berat hidup air hujan = ½(2,558+2,558) x 4 x 15,027 =
153,800 kg
P = 412,123 kg
Titik buhul F
- Berat seng 7 kaki = 1/2 ( 2,558 + 2,558 ) 4 x 10 = 102,320 kg
- Berat gording = (4 x 5,5) + (1/2 x 4 x 5,5) = 64,000 kg
- Berat kuda – kuda = 1/16 ( 17,5 x 4 x 22,5 ) = 98,438 kg
- Berat braching = 1/16 (17,5 x 4 x 5,625 ) = 24,609 kg
- Berat hidup air hujan = (1/2 x 2,558) x 4 x 15,027 = 76,878 kg
P = 360,963 kg
B. Untuk Titik Buhul Bagian Bawah
13
Titik Buhul C = D = E = F = G = H = I
- Berat kuda – kuda = 1/16 (17,5 x 4 x 22,5 ) = 98,438 kg
- Berat plafond + penggantung = ½ ( 2,1875 + 2,1875 ) x 4 x 18
= 151,200 kg
- Berat braching = 1/16 (17,5 x 4 x 5,625 ) = 22,890 kg
- Beban hidup / terpusat = 100 = 100,000 kg
P = 372,528 kg
b. Angin Hisap
- Koefisien angin hisap = - 0,4
Titik Buhul A = B
P = ( 1/2 x 2,558 ) x -0,4 x 4 x 55 = - 112,552 kg
Titik Buhul C=D=E=G=H=I
P = ½ (2,558 + 2,558 ) x -0.4 x 4 x 55 = - 225,104 kg
Titik Buhul F
= 1/2 (2,558 ) x -0,4 x 4 x 55 = - 112,552 kg
14
CREMONA BEBAN TETAP
15
CREMONA ANGIN KIRI
16
CREMONA ANGIN KANAN
17
TABEL 3.1 GAYA BATANG
Gaya Batang (Kg) Gaya Design
Panjang
Batang
18
Kontrol Gaya Batang Dengan Metode Ritter
Muatan Tetap
A
4 A
4'
A
3 A
3'
D
3 D
3'
A
2' 5
,3
A
2 D
2 D
2'
D
1 V
4 D
1' A
1'
A
1 V
2 V
3 V
3' V
2'
V
1 V
1'
A B
B
1 B2 B
3 B4 B4
' B
3' B
2' B1
'
2
,18
8
1
7,5
19
Σ MJ = 0
RA.2,1875 –(362,85x 2,1875) + (B1.V1) = 0
6746,77 – 793,916 + B1.1,326 = 0
5952,86 + A2.1,326 = 0
B1 = 5952,86 / 1,326 = + 4492,92 ( )
Hasil dari Metode Cremona D1 = 930,00
20
BAB IV
PENDEMENSIAN PROFIL KUDA- KUDA
Ix ⋅ Kx
1. λ max = ≤140
ix
dipilih profil 65 . 65 . 7
Ix = Iy = 33.40 cm4
ix = iy = 1.96 cm
e = 1.85 cm
F = 8.70 cm
iη =1.26 cm
21
W = 35 mm = 0.35 cm Penampang dilemahkan
Kontrol
255 ,8 ×1
λ x= =130 ,51 <140 aman
1.96
Li ⋅ Ki
2. λ i = ≤ 50
in
255 ,8 x1
λ i= = 203 ,016 ≤ 50 tidak aman
1.26
Jadi agar batang A1 dan A1’ aman, maka batang ini harus diberi pelat koppel agar
batang tidak menekuk, untuk menentukan jumlah pelat Koppel dipakai rumus
pendekatan.
Li ⋅ Ki
λ i=
in
λi ⋅ in 50 x1.26
Li = = = 63 .00 cm
ki 1
Jadi banyaknya lapangan :
L 255 ,8
= = 4,060 ≈ 5
Li 63 .00
L 255,8
sehinga Li = = = 51,16 cm
5 5
Kontrol
1 × 51,16
λ i= = 40,603 cm < 50 aman
1.26
m
3. λ iy = λ2 y + (λi ) 2 ≤ 140
2
M = Jumlah Profil
a = 0 .8
Jarak antara dua profil = 0.7 cm
1 1
e+ q = 1.85 + 0.7 = 2.2 cm
2 2
1 2
Iy = n (Io + F (e + a)
2
n = Jumlah Profil
= 2 (33.40 + 8.70 (1.85 + 1/2 x
0.72)
e
1
e +2 a 22
Iy = 151,016 cm4
Iy 105.95
iy = = = 2.47 cm
nf 2 × 8.70
λ y =
Ky Iy 1 ×105.95
= = 42.89 cm
Ly 2.47
m
λ iy = λy 2 + (λi ) 2
2
2
= ( 42 .89 ) 2 + ( 46 .75 ) 2
2
4. λ x ≥ 1.2 λ i
λ x = 97.08
1.2 λ i = 1.2 (46.75) = 56.10
97.08 ≥ 56.10 aman
5. Aiy ≥ 1,2 . λ i
Aiy = 63.44
1.2 λ i = 1.2 (46.75) = 49.415
63.44 ≥ 56.10 aman
wp
6. σ = ≤σ
nF
σ =1400 Kg / cm 2
w = factor teknik
Untuk menentukan harga w tergantung pada λ x dan λ iy dan yang dipilih
adalah mempunyai harga yang paling besar.
λ x = 97.08 (yang dipilih)
λ iy = 63.44
23
dari daftar konstruksi baja, untuk baja 34 = Fe 310
σ=1600 kg/cm2
λ 1 = 97 w = 1.772
λ 2 = 98 w = 1.790
λ x = 97.08 w = 1.773 → didapat dari interpolasi
a = 0 .8
= 7633.44 kg/cm
Tegangan yang terjadi akibat gaya lintang :
M = T(2e + a)
6 0 0 .86 0
3 0
M 7633.44
T= = = 1696.32 kg
60
2e + a 2(1.85) + 0.8
3 0
Akibat T pelat akan mengalami reaksi
sebesar:
3 0
T
T1 = → n ⇒jumlah kopel
60
n
1696.32
3 0 T1 = = 1693 .32 kg
1
1
M 1 = T1 (a + 2w)
2
1
M1 = 1696.32 . ((0.8) + 2 . 0.35)
2
= 1272.24 Kg/cm
24
Σ x2 =0
Σ x2 = 2 x 52 = 50
Σ x2 + Σ y2 = 50
Akibat momen
M 1y 1272 .24 × 0
Kvm = = = 0 kg
2x + Σy
2 2
50
M 1y 1272 .24 × 3
Khm = = = 76 .33 kg
2x + Σy
2 2
50
Kv = 848.16 + 0 = 848.16 Kg
Kh = 0 + 76.33 = 76.33 Kg
K = Kv 2 + Kh 2
= (848 .16 ) 2 +(76 .33 ) 2
K = 849.59 Kg
1
Pgs = n π . d2 . 0,6 σ Pgs = K
4
4 ⋅ Pgs
d=
π ⋅ 0.6 σ
4 ×776 .71
=
1 ×3.14 ×0.6 ×1600
d = 1.135 cm
dicoba Ø 5/12“ = 1.225 cm
t = 2 . d = 2 . (1.225) = 2.45 = 3 cm
25
d = 3.5 . d = 3.5 (1.225) = 4.288 = 5 cm
1
Pgs = 1. . 3.14 (1.058)2 . 0.6 . 1600
4
= 844.85 kg
Pgs = 844.85 Kg > 776.71 Kg → (aman)
M1 In 1 3 1 1
2
σ= < σ → wn = → In = bh − 2 t ⋅ d + t ⋅ d h
wn 1 12 12 2
20 h
2
1 1 1
2
In = 0.8 ×9 3 − 2 0.8 ×1.225 2
+ 0.8 ×1.225 9 = 28 .629 cm
4
12 12
2
28.629
50 wn = = 11 .450 cm 3
1
.5
2
28 .629
σ = = 250.045 Kg/cm2 < 1400 Kg/cm2 (aman)
11 .450
20
3 T1
τ = ⋅ <τ
2 F
τ = 0,58 . 1400 = 9812 Kg/cm2
F = t . h = 0.8 . 9 = 7.20 cm2
1696 .32 3
τ = x
7.20 2
= 353.400 Kg/cm2 < 812 Kg/cm2 aman
26
1
Ip = n . b h3
12
1
=1. 0.8 (9)3 = 48.60 cm
12
a = 2e + a = 2 . 1.85 + 0.8 = 4.5 cm
Ix = 33.40 cm4
Li = 58.90 cm
Ip L
≥ 10 1
a Li
48 .60 33 .40
≥ 10
4.5 58 .90
10.80 cm3 ≥ 5.670 cm2 aman
jadi batang A1 s/d A1’ digunakan profil 65 . 65 . 7 dengan memakai
koppel ( 126 x 90 x 6 )
P 5820.00
Fn = = = 65.543 cm 2
0.75 ⋅ σ 0.75 ×1400
1 1
Fn1 = ⋅ Fn = ⋅ (5.543) = 32.771 cm 2
2 2
Fn1 2.771
Fbr = = = 3.261 cm 2
a 0.85
L x K x 160 ×1
Imin = = = 0.667 cm
λ max 240
Dipilih profil 50 . 50 . 6
Dengan F = 5.69 cm2
ix = 1.6 cm
iη = 0.96 cm
27
2F > 2Fbr
2(5.69) = 11.38 cm2 > 6.522 cm2
Kontrol Tegangan
5820.00
σpr = = 601 .675 Kg/cm 2
< σ = 1050 Kg/cm 2
(0.85 ⋅11.38 )
(aman)
5719.20
σps = = 591 .254 Kg/cm 2
< σ = 1365 Kg/cm 2
(aman)
(0.85 ⋅11.38 )
Kontrol Kelangsingan :
L x ⋅ K x 160 × 1
λx = = = 100.0 < 240 (aman)
ix 1.6
L x ⋅ K x 160 × 1
λ1 = = = 166.667 < 240 (aman)
in 0.96
P 225.00
Fn = = = 0.214 cm 2
0.75 ⋅ σ 0.75 × 1600
1 1
Fn1 = ⋅ Fn = ⋅ (0.214) = 0.107 cm 2
2 2
Fn1 0.107
Fbr = = = 0.126 cm 2
a 0.85
Lx Kx 75 ×1
Imin = = = 0.313 cm
λ max 240
Dipilih profil 35 . 35 . 4
28
Dengan F = 2.67 cm2
ix = 1.05 cm
iη = 0.68 cm
2F > 2Fbr
2(2.67) = 5.34 cm2 > 0.252 cm2
Kontrol Tegangan
225.00
σpr = = 49 .570 Kg/cm 2
< 0.75 xσ = 1050 Kg/cm 2
(0.85 ⋅ 5.34 )
(aman)
225.00
σps = = 849 .570 Kg/cm 2
< 1.3.0.75. σ =1365 Kg/cm 2
(0.85 ⋅ 5.56 )
(aman)
Kontrol Kelangsingan :
L x ⋅ K x 75.00 × 1
λx = = = 71.428 < 240 (aman)
ix 1.05
L x ⋅ K x 75.00 × 1
λ1 = = = 110.294 < 240 (aman)
in 0.68
P 489.40
Fn = = = 0.5466 cm 2
0.75 ⋅ σ 0.75 ×1400
1 1
Fn1 = ⋅ Fn = ⋅ (0.466) = 0.233 cm 2
2 2
Fn1 0.233
Fbr = = = 0.274 cm 2
a 0.85
L x K x 150 ×1
Imin = = = 0.625 cm
λ max 240
29
Dipilih profil 60 . 60 . 6
Dengan F = 6.91 cm2
ix = 1.82 cm
iη = 1.17 cm
2F > 2Fbr
2(6.91) = 13.82 cm2 > 1.576 cm2
Kontrol Tegangan
489.40
σpr = = 41 .662 Kg/cm 2
< 0.75 x σ = 1050 Kg/cm 2
(aman)
464.40
σps = = 39 .533 Kg/cm 2
< 1.3 x 0.75 x σ = 1365 Kg/cm 2
(aman)
Kontrol Kelangsingan :
L x ⋅ K x 150 × 1
λx = = = 82.418 < 240 (aman)
ix 1.82
L x ⋅ K x 150 × 1
λ1 = = = 128.205 < 240 (aman)
in 1.17
P 225.00
Fn = = = 0.214 cm 2
0.75 ⋅ σ 0.75 ×1400
30
1 1
Fn1 = ⋅ Fn = ⋅ (0.214) = 0.107 cm 2
2 2
Fn1 0.107
Fbr = = = 0.126 cm 2
a 0.85
Lx K x 225 .00 ×1
Imin = = = 0.937 cm
λ max 240
Dipilih profil 90 . 90 . 9
Dengan F = 15.5 cm2
ix = 2.74 cm
iη = 1.76 cm
2F > 2Fbr
2(15.5) = 31.00 cm2 > 0.252 cm2
Kontrol Tegangan
225.00
σpr = = 8.539 Kg/cm 2
< 0.75 x σ = 1050 Kg/cm 2
(aman)
(0.85 ⋅ 31 .00 )
225.00
σps = = 8.539 Kg/cm 2
< 1.3 x 0.75x σ =1365 Kg/cm 2
(ama
(0.85 ⋅ 31.00)
n)
Kontrol Kelangsingan :
L x ⋅ K x 225.00 × 1
λx = = = 82.117 < 240 (aman)
ix 2.74
L x ⋅ K x 225.00 × 1
λ1 = = = 127.841 < 240 (aman)
in 1.76
∗ Batang V4
Batang Gaya Yang Bekerja pada Batang V4
- Ppr = 2568.20 (tarik)
- Ps = 2539.80 Kg (tarik)
- Lx = 300 cm
P 2568.20
Fn = = = 2.446 cm 2
0.75 ⋅ σ 0.75 ×1400
31
1 1
Fn1 = ⋅ Fn = ⋅ (2.446) = 1.223 cm 2
2 2
Fn1 1.223
Fbr = = = 1.439 cm 2
a 0.85
Lx K x 300 ×1
Imin = = = 1.250 cm
λ max 240
(0.85 ⋅ 50 .80 )
(aman)
Kontrol Kelansingan :
L x ⋅ K x 550 × 1
λx = = = 150.273 < 240 (aman)
ix 3.66
L x ⋅ K x 550 × 1
λ1 = = = 234.042 < 240 (aman)
in 2.35
32
Ix ⋅ Kx
1. λ max = ≤140
ix
dipilih profil 65 . 65 . 11
Ix = Iy = 48.8 cm4
ix = iy = 1.91 cm
e = 2.00 cm
F = 1.25 cm
iη = 1.25 cm
W = 35 mm = 0.35 cm Penampang dilemahkan
Kontrol
176 .70 ×1
λ x= = 92 .513 <140 aman
1.91
Li ⋅ Ki
2. λ i = ≤ 50
in
176 .70 x 1
λ i= = 141 .366 ≤ 50 tidak aman
1.25
Jadi agar batang A1 dan A1’ aman, maka batang ini harus diberi pelat koppel agar
batang tidak menekuk, untuk menentukan jumlah pelat Koppel dipakai rumus
pendekatan.
Li ⋅ Ki
λ i=
in
λi ⋅ in 50 x1.25
Li = = = 62 .50 cm
ki 1
Jadi banyaknya lapangan :
L 176 .70
= = 2.827 ≈ 3
Li 62 .50
33
1 176.70
sehinga Li = = = 58 .90 cm
3 3
Kontrol
1 × 58 .90
λ i= = 47.120 cm < 50 aman
1.25
m
3. λ iy = λ2 y + (λi ) 2 ≤ 140
2
M = Jumlah Profil
a = 0 .8
Jarak antara dua profil = 0.8 cm
1 1
e+ q = 1.69 + 0.8 = 2.40 cm
2 2
1 2
Iy = n (Io + F (e + a)
2
n = Jumlah Profil
= 2 (48.80 + (13.2(2.40+1/2 x 0.8)2)
e Iy = 304.576 cm4
1
e +2 a Iy 304.576
iy = = = 3.397 cm
nf 2 x13 .2
K y Iy 1 ×176 .70
λ y= L = = 52.016 cm
y 3.397
m
λ iy = λy 2 + (λi ) 2
2
2
= (52 .016 ) 2 + ( 47 .120 ) 2
2
4. λ x ≥ 1.2 λ i
λ x = 92.513
1.2 λ i = 1.2 (47.120) = 56.544
92.513 ≥ 56.544 aman
5. Aiy ≥ 1,2 . λ i
Aiy = 70.185
1.2 λ i = 1.2 (47.120) = 56.544
34
70.185 ≥ 56.544 aman
wp
6. σ = ≤σ
nF
σ =1400 Kg / cm 2
w = factor teknik
Untuk menentukan harga w tergantung pada λ x dan λ iy dan yang dipilih
adalah mempunyai harga yang paling besar.
λ x = 92.513 (yang dipilih)
λ iy = 70.185
dari daftar konstruksi baja, untuk baja 34 = Fe 310
σ=1400 kg/cm2
λ 1 = 92 w = 1.685
λ 2 = 93 w = 1.702
λ x = 92.513 w = 1.694 → didapat dari interpolasi
35
D = 2% P = 0,02 (930.00) = 18.600 Kg
Pelat koppel menahan sayap lintang dalam
arah yang berlawanan sehingga timbul
momen koppel sebesar :
M = D . li = 18.600 x 58.900
a = 0 .8
= 1095.540 kg/cm
Tegangan yang terjadi akibat gaya lintang :
M = T(2e + a)
6 5 0 .86 5
20
M 1095.540
T= = = 228.238 kg
60
2e + a 2(2.00) + 0.8
2 0
Akibat T pelat akan mengalami reaksi
sebesar:
20
T
T1 = → n ⇒jumlah kopel
60
n
228.238
2 0 T1 = = 228 .238 kg
1
1
M 1 = T1 (a + 2w)
2
1
M1 = 228.238 . ((0.8) + 2 . 0.35)
2
= 171.178 Kg/cm
Σ x2 =0
Σ x2 = 2 x 32 = 18
Σ x2 + Σ y2 = 18
36
Khb = 0
Akibat momen
M 1y 171 .178 × 0
Kvm = = = 0 kg
2x + Σy
2 2
18
M 1y 171 .178 × 3
Khm = = = 328 .529 kg
2x + Σy 2
2
18
Kv = 114.119 + 0 = 114.119 Kg
Kh = 0 + 28.529 = 28.529 Kg
K = Kv 2 + Kh 2
= (114 .119 ) 2 +( 28 .529 ) 2
K = 117.631 Kg
1
Pgs = n π . d2 . 0,6 σ Pgs = K
4
4 ⋅ Pgs
d=
π ⋅ 0.6 σ
4 ×117 .631
=
1 ×3.14 ×0.6 ×1400
d = 0.422 cm
dicoba Ø 1/6“ = 0.424 cm
t = 2 . d = 2 . (0.424) = 0.636 = 2 cm
d = 3.5 . d = 3.5 (0.424) = 1.485 = 3 cm
1
Pgs = 1. . 3.14 (0.424)2 . 0.6 . 1400
4
= 118.544 kg
Pgs = 118.544 Kg > 117.631 Kg → (aman)
37
Syarat Kontrol pelat Koppel
M1 In 1 1 1
2
σ= < σ → wn = → In = bh 3 − 2 t ⋅ d + t ⋅ d h
wn 1 12 12 2
20 h
2
1 1 1
2
24.727
60 wn = = 4.9448 cm 3
1
.10
2
171 .178
σ = = 34.618 Kg/cm2 < 1400 Kg/cm2 (aman)
4.9448
20
3 T1
τ = ⋅ <τ
2 F
τ = 0,58 . 1400 = 812 Kg/cm2
F = t . h = 0.8 . 10 = 8 cm2
F netto = 5.60 – 2 x 0.524 x 0.8 = 4.762
228 .238
τ =
4.762
= 47.929 Kg/cm2 < 812 Kg/cm2 aman
38
Ix = 48.80 cm4
Li = 58.90cm
Ip L
≥ 10 1
a Li
58 .33 48 .8
≥ 10
4.8 58 .90
12.152 cm3 ≥ 8.285 cm2 aman
jadi batang A1 s/d A1’ digunakan profil 65 . 65 . 11 dengan memakai
koppel ( 126 x 100 x 6 )
39
Kontrol Tegangan
1470.00
σpr = = 45 .036 Kg/cm 2
< 0.75 x σ = 1050 Kg/cm 2
(aman)
(0.85 ⋅ 38 .40 )
1321.20
σps = = 40 .478 Kg/cm 2
< 1.3 x 0.75 x σ = 1365 Kg/cm 2
(am
(0.85 ⋅ 38 .40 )
an)
Kontrol Kelansingan :
L x ⋅ K x 276.10 × 1
λx = = = 90.822 < 240 (aman)
ix 3.04
L x ⋅ K x 276.10 × 1
λ1 = = = 141 .589 < 240 (aman)
in 1.95
40
2F > 2Fbr
2(19.2) = 38.40 cm2 > 1.646 cm2
Kontrol Tegangan
1470.00
σpr = = 45 .036 Kg/cm 2
< 0.75 x σ = 1050 Kg/cm 2
(aman)
(0.85 ⋅ 38 .40 )
1321.40
σps = = 40 .484 Kg/cm 2
< 1.3 x 0.75 x σ = 1365 Kg/cm 2
(am
(0.85 ⋅ 38 .40 )
an)
Kontrol Kelansingan :
L x ⋅ K x 276.10 × 1
λx = = = 90.822 < 240 (aman)
ix 3.04
L x ⋅ K x 276.10 × 1
λ1 = = = 141 .589 < 240 (aman)
in 1.95
41
BAB V
PERHITUNGAN BAUT PADA TITIK BUHUL
42
12.70 mm ≤ 22 mm ≤ 29.63 mm
dicoba Ø ¼ ” = 6.35 mm
1.5 (6.35) ≤ e2 ≤ 3.5 (6.35)
9.525 mm ≤ 15.5 mm ≤ 22.225 mm
43
31.75 mm ≤ 54.50 mm ≤ 74.08 mm
g. batang diagonal ( D1 s/d D1 ”) ╩ 65. 65. 11
b +t 65 +11
e1 = = = 38.00 mm
2 2
e2 = 65 – 38.00 = 27.00 mm
44
5.1.2 perhitungan kekuatan baut
tebal plat buhul = 8mm
sambungan penampang 2
• untuk profil ╩ 90 . 90 . 9
tebal profil t1 = 2 x 9 = 18 mm
t2 = = 8 mm
t terkecil = 8 mm
• untuk profil ╩ 65 . 65 . 7
tebal profil t1 = 2 x 7 = 14 mm
t2 = = 8 mm
t terkecil = 7 mm
45
• untuk profil ╩ 60 . 60. 6
tebal profil t1 = 2 x 6 = 12 mm
t2 = = 8 mm
t terkecil = 6 mm
46
1
= 2x x 3.14 x ( 1.058)2 x 0.6 x 1600 = 1687.105 kg
4
Ptu = dlb . t . 1.5 . 1600
= 1.158 x 0.8 x 1.5 x 1600 = 2223.36 kg
Pgs < Ptu = 1687.105kg < 2223.36 kg
P = 2223.36 kg
47
= 1.3705 x 0.8 x 1.5 x 1400 = 2229.44 kg
Pgs < Ptu = 602128.768 kg < 2229.44 kg
P = 2229.44 kg
F
A4
A4'
E
G
A3 A3'
D
V4 H
A2 A2'
D3 D2'
D3'
C V2 D2 V3
V3' V2' I
D1 D1' A1'
A1
V1 V1'
B1
B
A J B2
K
B3
L B4
M B4'
N B3'
O B2'
P B1'
A1 PB1 = 6037.00 kg
B1
48
Untuk batang A1 digunakan baut φ 1/2 “
PA 1 6480.00
Jumlah baut = = = 2.906 ≈ 3 buah
P 2229.44
Perencanaan angker
Untuk memilih ukuran dan jarak angker pada prtemuan antara batang
horizontal dengan kaki kuda-kuda didasarkan atas gaya horizontal akibat
pengaruh angin hisap dan angin tekan yang menimbulkan reaksi horizontal
∑MA = 0
- RBv.12.8 - (R2.cosα 9.6 ) + (R2sinα 1.6) + (R1.cosα 3.2) + (R1.sinα 1.6) = 0
RBv.12.8 - [(3342.191) + (261.111) + (284.076) + (66.581)] =0
RBv 12.8 – 3953.959 = 0
13953.959
RBv =
12.8
RBv = 308.903 kg (↓)
∑MB = 0
RAv .12.8 - (R1 cosα .9.6) + (R1sinα 1.6) + ( R2 cosα 3.2) + (R1sinα 1.6) =0
RAv 12.8 - ( 852.228 + 6166.581 + 1114.064 + 261.111 ) = 0
49
RAv 12.8 – 2293.984 = 0
10833 .946
RAv =
12 .8
RAv = 179.217 kg ( ↑ )
∑MK = 0
R1 sinα + R2 sinα – RAH = 0
(98.043 x sin 25.1150 + (384.496 x sin 25.1150) – RAH = 0
RAH = 204.807 kg
Sebagai penyambung plat buhul dengan plat ╩ pada tumpuan digunakan Ǿ baut
1/ 2” ( 1.2705 mm) dengan gaya P = 2229.44 jumlah baut (n)
RAH 204.807
n= = = 0.092 ≈ 2 buah
P 2229.44
ukuran angker yang direncana Ø baut 1/2 ” (1.2705 cm) dengan gaya P =
2229.44 sambungan tampang satu.
1 1
Pgs = n .π . d2 . 0.6 . σ = 1 x x. 3.14 x (1.2705)2 x 0.6 x 1400 =
4 4
1064.38kg
Ptu = dlb . t . 1.5 . 1400 = 1.2705 x 0.8 x 1.5 x 1400 = 2229.44 kg
Pgs < ptu
p 2229.44
Jumlah angker (n) = p = 1064.38 = 2.095 ≈ 3 buah
gs
Pada kontruksi ini digunakan beton dengan K 175 yang menpunyai tegangan
izin desak σds = 60 kg / cm 2 direncanakan plat ( 126 x 90 x 6) Beban yang
didukung plat adalah
P = 12.6 x 9 x 60 x = 7620 kg > Rav = 179.217 kg ( aman )
A1 D1 PB1 = 225.00 Kg
V1 PB2 = 570.00 Kg
50
PA 1 6480 kg
Jumlah baut = = = 2.906 ≈ 3 buah
P 2229.44 kg
51
PA 3 5550.00 kg
Jumlah baut = = = 2.489 ≈ 3 buah
P 2229.44 kg
A4 V4 A4’
52
PB2 = 5820.00 Kg
PV1 = 225.00 Kg
B1 B2
J
53
PD 2 1470.00 kg
Jumlah baut = = = 0.808 ≈ 2 buah
P 1818.80 kg
V3
PB3 = 4170.00 Kg
PB4 = 4170.00 Kg
B3 B4
L PV3 = 225.00 Kg
54
PB 4 ' 4170 .00 kg
Jumlah baut = = = 2.29 ≈ 3 buah
P 1818 .80 kg
1
Pgs = n π . d2 σ
4
1
=1. (3.14) (1.2705)2 . 0.6 (1400)
4
= 1064.384 Kg
Ptu = d . t . 1.5 σ
55
= 1.3705 . 0.8 . 1.5 (1400)
= 2302.44 Kg
Karena P95 < Ptu, maka P95 yang menentukan
P1 2775.00
Jumlah baut (n) = = = 2.607 ≈ 3 buah
Pgs 1064.384
56
Tebal pelat penyambung = 0.8 cm
φ baut 1/3 “ (8.47 mm)
Ptu = d . t . 1.5 σ
= 0.947 . 0.8 . 1.5 (1400)
= 1590.96 Kg
Karena Pgs < Ptu , maka Pgs yang menentukan
P1 2910.00
Jumlah baut (n) = = = 6.151 ≈ 7 buah
Pgs 473.059
57
P1 5820.00
Jumlah baut (n) = = = 6.151 ≈ 7 buah
Pgs 946.118
BAB VI
PERHITUNGAN ZETTING
58
1 1
f max = s d ⋅ L
250 360
Dalam peninjauan ini beban 1 ton zetting tersebut dianggap bekerja pada
bagian bawah dari kuda-kuda, dibagian tengah yaitu pada titik buhul F.
F
A4
A4'
E
G
A3 A3'
D
V4
H
A2 A2'
D3 D2'
D3'
C V2 D2 V3
V3' V2' I
A1 D1 D1' A1'
V1 V1'
B1 B
A J B2
K B3
L B4 M B4' N B3' O B2' P B1'
1/2Ton 1/2Ton
159
Ton
( + ) B 4' = B 3' = B 2' = B 1'
R B = 1/2 T on
( + ) V4
1 T on
( - ) A4 = A3 = A2 = A1
R A = 1/2 T on
( + ) B 1 = B 2 = B 3 = B4
BATANG BERAT
B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = B4’ = B3’ = B2’ = B1’ 1050 = 1.050
A1 = A2 = A3 = A4 = A4’ = A3’ = A2’ = A1’ 1170 = - 1.170
V4 1000 = 1.000
60
A2’ -5550.000 176.70 -1.1700 2100000 2 8.70 0.031
A3’ -5550.000 176.70 -1.1700 2100000 2 8.70 0.031
A4’ -3660.000 176.70 -1.1700 2100000 2 8.70 0.021
B1 5820.000 160.00 1.050 2100000 2 5.69 0.041
B2 5820.000 160.00 1.050 2100000 2 5.69 0.041
B3 4170.000 160.00 1.050 2100000 2 5.69 0.029
B4 4170.000 160.00 1.050 2100000 2 5.69 0.029
B1’ 5820.000 160.00 1.050 2100000 2 5.69 0.041
B2’ 5820.000 160.00 1.050 2100000 2 5.69 0.041
B3’ 4170.000 160.00 1.050 2100000 2 5.69 0.029
B4’ 4170.000 160.00 1.050 2100000 2 5.69 0.029
V1 382.700 0.750 - 2100000 2 2.67 -
V2 -867.673 1.500 - 2100000 2 6.91 -
V3 382.700 2.250 - 2100000 2 15.5 -
V4 2655.000 3.000 1.000 2100000 2 25.4 0.000
V1’ 382.700 0.750 - 2100000 2 2.67 -
V2’ -867.673 1.500 - 2100000 2 6.91 -
V3’ 382.700 2.250 - 2100000 2 15.5 -
D1 -1179.600 176.700 - 2100000 2 13.2 -
D2 2125.634 2.761 - 2100000 2 19.2 -
D3 -2125.634 2.761 - 2100000 2 19.2 -
D1’ -1179.600 176.700 - 2100000 2 13.2 -
D2’ 2125.634 2.761 - 2100000 2 19.2 -
D3’ -2125.634 4.675 - 2100000 2 19.2 -
0.521
Jadi besarnya penurunan yang terjadi adalah
ƒ = ƒtotal < ƒmax = 0.521 cm < 3.556 cm (aman)
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
61
3. …………….., Peraturan Perencanaan Bangunan Baja Indonesia, 1984,
Departemen Pekerjaan Umum, Jakarta
62