Name : Kumala Sari

NIM : 031095786

Sociolinguistic
ASSIGNMENT I (TUGAS MANDIRI I)

1. Bagaimana hubungan antara bahasa, masyarakat, dan sosiolinguistik?

Bahasa dan masyarakat memiliki kaitan yang erat begitupula denga sosiolinguistik.
Bahasa merupakan alat komunikasi antara sesama manusia karena setiap orang pasti akan
berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi satu sama lain dimana terkadang orang lain berbicara tidak
pantas, tidak sesuai dengan situasi kondisi yang ada. Misalkan ketika suasana tidak formal kita
bias menggunakan bahasa tidak baku. Ciri khas bahasa seseorang disebut idiolek, sedangkan
kumpulan idiolek dalam sebuah bahasa disebut dialek ( Sururudin, 2009). Perbedaan keadaan
masyarakat akan menimbulkan perbedaan dalam berbahasa contohnya perbedaan dialek.
Ketika berbeda daerah akan menghasilkan bahasa yang berbeda. Status sosial, usia, latar
belakang juga mempengaruhi hal tersebut. Contohnya seorang bangsawan atau orang yang
berpendidikan tinggi akan memiliki cara yang berbeda dalam berbicara dibandingkan dengan
orang biasa. Sosiolinguistik mempelajari hubungan bahasa yang digunakan diantara
masyarakat serta mempengaruhi budaya terhadap bahasa yang digunakan. Maka dari itu, Hal-
hal diatas sangat menarik perhatian bagi sosiolinguistik.

2. a. Code switching is described as a skill of the bilingual speaker Code-switching is a term in

linguistics referring to using more than one language or variety in conversation.
Sometimes the bilingual speakers getting problem when they having a conversation with
another bilingual, and one of them don't understand how to say it, so they switches their
language from code to another in the construction of sentence to make the interlocutor
understand, sometimes they do it with the same language background. multilingual
speaker switches usually between two languages or language varieties during the same
conversation.

Code-switching emphasizes movement from one language to another. For example used
in indonesia bilingual school, when there is a teacher says "when you complete the task,
kumpulkan ke depan!" or students talk to another student such as "May I brrow your
peruncing?" Code-switching can occur between sentences or within a single sentence .
b. Code-mixing is the other phenomenon closely related to code-switching. Code mixing
takes place without a change of topic and can involve various levels of language such as
phonology, morphology, grammatical structures or lexical items. For example in
indonesia bilingual school, students combine the language between Indonesia and
English.
c. Interference is language transfer when speakers or writers applying knowledge from
their native language to a second language.
d. diglossia is a situation in which two distinct variety of language (dialects) are spoken
within the same language. One language is used for circumstance and the other in an
entirely different set. For example, English varieties may be used for formal
lectures, for giving speech, broadcasting the news on radio and television, etc. in
 contrast, Bahasa varieties may be used in giving instructions to workers in low prestige
occupations, in conversation with familiars people
3 .a. If people talk to each other or one another they still understand without being taught
and can talk without any problem, it can be as a dialect. If they don’t understand and
need to be taughted, it can be different language but it’s not always like that. Structural
similarity or disimilarity can only tell apart very dissimilar languages (Revnaldi,
Emalia, 2018)
b. Regional dialect is variety of dialects based on the geographical area and it has been
spoken for hundred years. People from different place will have different speech. For
example : People from Ireland has different dialect from londoners.
c. Social dialect is variety of dialects based on social satus, educational groupings,
ethnicities, ages cohorts. For example, people who live in the same area or country but
they have different education will have different dialect. People from high education
and people fom lower education in Yorkshire will have different dialect.
d. Style is variety of language that refer to particular ways of using language in particular
contexts according to situation with specific social meanings. It shows how we speak in
appropriate ways depend on the situation and condition including gramatical structures.
Your style tells who you are.
e. Register is variety of language that refer to particular ways of using language in particular
contexts that according to situation and used by such groups. It is level of formality in
spoken and written language. For example, when you talk to our teacher we will talk
differently from our friends. When we have a conversation with friends, we may speak
in informal way and we will speak more formal when we ask something to the teacher.
When we write email to a company, we will write different sentences from thanksgiving
card for our bestfriends.
f. Jargon is alternative term for register. It is special words or phrases that used by particular
people, mostly by technical words in certain occupation, field or academic things also by
group of certain people. Example Post mortem in medical language.
g. -Standard dialects: a dominant dialect used in school, print, mass media, taught to the
non-native speakers as a foreign language, and associated with wealth, education,
literature, political leadership and high social status. a dialect is “standard” if it fulfills
some general guidelines, such as being used in schools, being taught to foreigners
learning the language, being used by the media, etc
-Non standard dialects: Varieties used disapprovingly by non-linguists to describe
unaffordable English, including vovabulary and gramatical thing. Example : Lemme hit
that( let me hit that), I’m gonna work tomorrow ( I am going to work tomorrow)
h. Based on (Refnaldi, Emalia, 2018), British English and American English have different
grammar, phonology, spelling also vocabulary.

British English American English

Grammar for present I’ve got her number I got her number
perfect tense I’ve already read that book I already read that book

Possession Have got Have

I’ve got short brown hair I have short brown hair
 British English American English
Preposition She studied at a college She Studied in a college
At weekend On weekend
Simple past/past Dreamt for dream, Dreamed for dream,
participle learnt for learn learned for learn
Phonology - Sound r following vowels = car, - sound r is clearer than British
girl, over whereas it’s lost in
British English
- Sound t placed between vowels
is voice
Spelling Favourite, colour (our) Favorite, color (or)

Vocabulary Sweets Candy

Dustbin Trash can
Bike Bicycle