LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM

BOTANI

DISUSUN OLEH :
NAMA : Muhammad Chairul Anam
NIM : H0817062
COASS : Anggityas Werdining Pangesti

LABORATURIUM PEMULIAAN TANAMAN

PROGRAM STUDI AGROTEKNOLOGI
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2017

i
 HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

Laporan Praktikum Botani ini disusun untuk melengkapi tugas mata

kuliah Botani dan telah diterima, disetujui dan disahkan oleh Co-Assisten dan
Dosen Mata Kuliah Botani pada:
Hari :
Tanggal :

Disusun oleh :
Nama : Muhammad Chairul Anam
NIM : H0817062

Mengetahui,

Dosen Koordinator Praktikum Co-Assisten

Botani

Ir. Sukaya, M.Si. Anggityas Werdining Pangesti

NIP: 195905151986031004 NIM. H0816014

ii
 KATA PENGANTAR

Segala puji bagi Allah SWT yang Maha Pengasih lagi Maha Penyayang,
puja dan puji syukur atas kehadirat-Nya, yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan
hidayah-Nya sehingga penulis dapat melaksanakan praktikum dan menyelesaikan
penyusunan Laporan Praktikum Botani yang merupakan tugas untuk melengkapi
nilai akademik mata kuliah Botani di Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas
Maret Surakarta tepat pada waktunya. Shalawat dan salam semoga terlimpahkan
kepada junjungan kita, Nabi Muhammad SAW, yang kita nantikan syafa’atnya
kelak di yaumul akhir.
Penulis pada kesempatan ini mengucapkan terimakasih karena dalam
menyelesaikan Laporan Praktikum Botani ini telah mendapat bantuan baik secara
moril maupun materil dari pihak-pihak lain. Oleh karena itu, yaitu kepada :
1. Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah memberikan karunia-Nya sehingga
acara praktikum berjalan lancar dan Laporan Praktikum Botani ini
dapat terselesaikan dengan baik.
2. Dosen Pengampu yang telah membimbing penulis dalam mata kuliah
Botani.
3. Orang tua penulis yang telah memberikan dukungan dan motivasi baik
berupa doa maupun materi.
4. Kepada tim Co-Asisten yang sudah memberikan pengarahan dan
bimbingan kepada penulis.
5. Teman-teman dan semua pihak yang telah memberi dukungan dan
bantuannya dalam menyusun laporan ini.
Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan laporan ini masih banyak
kekurangan dan masih jauh dari kesempurnaan. Maka dari itu penulis sangat
mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang sifatnya membangun. Dan semoga laporan
praktikum ini bermanfaat bagi penulis maupun pembaca. Amin.

Surakarta, Desember 2017

Penulis

iii
 DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL.......................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. ii
KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... vii
PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1
B. Tujuan Praktikum.......................................................................................2
I. DAUN TUNGGAL (FOLIUM SIMPLEKS)
1. Daun Bambu (Bambusa sp.) ......................................................................3
2. Daun Mangga (Mangifera indica) .............................................................4
3. Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya) ...................................................................5
4. Daun Kembang Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis).......................................6
5. Daun jagung (Zea may) ..............................................................................7
II. DAUN MAJEMUK (FOLIUM COMPOSITUM)
1. Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena glauca) .............................................................8
2. Daun Asam (Tamarindus indica)...............................................................9
3. Daun Mawar (Rosa sp.) .......................................................................... 10
4. Daun Sikejut (Mimosa pudica) ................................................................11
III. DUDUK DAUN (FILOTAKSIS)
1. Ketela Pohon (Manihot utilissima) ..........................................................12
2. Pepaya (Carica papaya) ......................................................................... 14
3. Allamanda (Allamanda cathartica) .........................................................16
4. Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava) .................................................................17
5. Pacing (Costus speciosa) .........................................................................18
IV. BUNGA
1. Orok-orok (Crotalaria striata) ................................................................19
2. Soka (Ixora paludosa)..............................................................................20
3. Lamtoro (Leucaena glauca) .....................................................................21

iv
V. BAGIAN, DIAGRAM, DAN PENYANDRAAN BUNGA
1. Allamanda (Allamanda cathartica) .........................................................22
2. Orok-orok (Crotalaria striata) ................................................................24
3. Kembang Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) ..............................................26
VI. BUAH (FRUKTUS) DAN BIJI (SEMEN)
1. Kacang Tanah (Arachis hipogaea) ..........................................................28
2. Padi (Oryza sativa) ..................................................................................30
3. Jagung (Zea mays) ...................................................................................32
4. Kacang Merah (Phaseolus vulgaris)........................................................34
VII. AKAR, BATANG DAN MODIFIKASI AKAR, BATANG, DAN
DAUN
1. Rumput Teki (Cyperus rotundus) ............................................................36
2. Bayam (Amaranthus spinosus) ................................................................38
3. Bawang Merah (Allium cepa) ..................................................................40
VIII. SEL DAN BAGIAN SEL
1. Umbi Lapis (Bulbus) Bawang Merah (Allium cepa) ...............................42
2. Ganggang (Spirogyra sp.) ........................................................................44
3. Akar Wortel (Daucus carota) ..................................................................46
IX. BAHAN ERGASTIK DALAM SEL
1. Umbi (tuber) Kentang (Solanum tuberosum) ..........................................48
2. Umbi Ketela Rambat (Ipomoea batatas) .................................................50
3. Buah (fructus) Padi (Oryza sativa) ..........................................................52
4. Batang Tanaman Bayam (Amaranthus sp.) .............................................54
5. Tangkai Daun (Petiolus) Begonia sp. ......................................................56
X. DINDING SEL
1. Endocarpium Buah Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) ..........................................58
2. Endocarpium Biji Asam (Tamarindus indica).........................................60
XI. JARINGAN BATANG (CAULIS)
1. Batang Pinnus merkusii ...........................................................................62
2. Batang Kembang Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) ..................................64
3. Batang Jagung (Zea mays) .......................................................................66

v
 4. Batang Sambucus javanicus .....................................................................68
XII. JARINGAN AKAR (RADIX)
1. Akar Jarak (Ricinus cummunis) ...............................................................70
2. Akar Jagung (Zea mays) ..........................................................................72
3. Akar Aloe sp. ............................................................................................74
XIII. JARINGAN DAUN (FOLIUM)
1. Daun Karet (Ficus elastica) .....................................................................76
2. Daun Jagung (Zea mays) ..........................................................................80
PENUTUP
1. Kesimpulan ..............................................................................................81
2. Saran ........................................................................................................81

vi
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 Daun Bambu (Bambusa sp.) ..................................................................3

Gambar 1.2 Daun Mangga (Mangifera indica)..........................................................4
Gambar 1.3 Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya) ...............................................................5
Gambar 1.4 Daun Kembang Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) ...................................6
Gambar 1.5 Daun Jagung (Zea mays) ........................................................................7
Gambar 2.1 Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena glauca) .........................................................8
Gambar 2.2 Daun Asam (Tamarindus indica) ...........................................................9
Gambar 2.3 Daun Mawar (Rosa sp.)..........................................................................10
Gambar 2.4 Daun Sikejut (Mimosa pudica) ..............................................................11
Gambar 3.1 Duduk Daun Ketela Pohon (Manihot utilissima) ...................................12
Gambar 3.2 Duduk Daun Ketela Pohon (Manihot utilissima) ...................................12
Gambar 3.3 Duduk Daun Pepaya(Carica papaya) ....................................................14
Gambar 3.4 Duduk Daun Pepaya(Carica papaya) ....................................................14
Gambar 3.5 Duduk Daun Allamanda (Allamanda cathartica) ..................................16
Gambar 3.6 Duduk Daun Jambu biji (Psidium guajava) ...........................................17
Gambar 3.7 Duduk Daun Pacing (Costus speciosa) ..................................................18
Gambar 4.1 Bunga Orok-orok (Crotalaria striata) ...................................................19
Gambar 4.2 Bunga Soka (Ixora paludosa) ................................................................20
Gambar 4.3 Bunga Lamtoro (Leucaena glauca)........................................................21
Gambar 5.1.1 Bunga Allamananda (Allamanda cathartica) .....................................22
Gambar 5.1.2 Diagram Bunga Allamananda (Allamanda cathartica) ......................22
Gambar 5.2.1 Bunga Orok-orok (Crotalaria striata) ................................................24
Gambar 5.2.2 Diagram Bunga Orok-orok (Crotalaria striata) .................................24
Gambar 5.3.1 Bunga Kembang Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) ..............................26
Gambar 5.3.2 Diagram Bunga Kembang Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) ...............26
Gambar 6.1.1 Buah Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea) ...........................................28
Gambar 6.1.2 Penampang Membujur Biji Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea) ........28
Gambar 6.2.1 Buah Padi (Oryza sativa) ....................................................................30
Gambar 6.2.2 Penampang Membujur Biji Padi (Oryza sativa) .................................30

vii
Gambar 6.3.1 Buah Jagung (Zea mays) .....................................................................32
Gambar 6.3.2 Penampang Membujur Biji Jagung (Zea mays) ..................................32
Gambar 6.4.1 Buah Kacang Merah (Phaseolus vulgaris) .........................................34
Gambar 6.4.2 penampang Membujur Biji Kacang Merah (Phaseolus vulgaris).......34
Gambar 7.1 Rumput Teki (Cyperus rotundus) ..........................................................36
Gambar 7.2 Bayam (Amaranthus spinosus) ..............................................................38
Gambar 7.3 Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum) ....................................................40
Gambar 8.1.1 Kunci Sel Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum) ................................42
Gambar 8.1.2 Kunci Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum) ......................................42
Gambar 8.1.3 Foto Sel Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum) ..................................43
Gambar 8.2.1 Kunci Sel Ganggang (Spirogyra sp.) ..................................................44
Gambar 8.2.2 Sel Ganggang (Spirogyra sp.) .............................................................44
Gambar 8.2.3 Foto Sel Ganggang (Spirogyra sp.) .....................................................45
Gambar 8.3.1 Kunci Sel Akar Wortel (Daucus carota).............................................46
Gambar 8.3.2 Sel Akar Wortel (Daucus carota) .......................................................46
Gambar 8.3.3 Foto sel Akar Wortel (Daucus carota)................................................47
Gambar 9.1.1 Kunci Sel Umbi Kentang (Solanum tuberosum) .................................48
Gambar 9.1.2 Sel Umbi Kentang (Solanum tuberosum)............................................48
Gambar 9.1.3 Foto Sel Umbi Kentang (Solanum tuberosum) ...................................49
Gambar 9.2.1 Kunci Sel Umbi Ketela Rambat (Ipomoea batatas)...........................50
Gambar 9.2.2 Sel Umbi Ketela Rambat (Ipomoea batatas) ......................................50
Gambar 9.2.3 Foto Sel Umbi Ketela Rambat (Ipomoea batatas) ..............................51
Gambar 9.3.1 Kunci Sel Buah Padi (Oryza sativa) ...................................................52
Gambar 9.3.2 Sel Buah Padi (Oryza sativa) ..............................................................52
Gambar 9.3.3 Foto Sel Buah Padi (Oryza sativa) ......................................................53
Gambar 9.4.1 Kunci Sel Batang Bayam (Amaranthus sp.)........................................54
Gambar 9.4.2 Sel Batang Bayam (Amaranthus sp.) ..................................................54
Gambar 9.4.3 Foto Sel Batang Bayam (Amaranthus sp.) ..........................................55
Gambar 9.5.1 Kunci Sel Tangkai daun Begonia sp. .................................................56
Gambar 9.5.2 Sel Tangkai daun Begonia sp. ............................................................56
Gambar 9.5.3 Foto Sel Tangkai daun Begonia sp. ....................................................57

viii
Gambar 10.1.1 Kunci Dinding Sel Endokarpium Buah Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) ....58
Gambar 10.1.2 Dinding Sel Endokarpium Buah Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) ...............58
Gambar 10.1.3 Foto Dinding Endokarpium Buah Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) .............59
Gambar 10.2.1 Kunci Dinding Sel Endokarpium Biji Asam (Tamarandus indica) ..60
Gambar 10.2.2 Dinding Sel Endokarpium Biji Asam (Tamarandus indica).............60
Gambar 10.2.3 Foto Dinding Sel Endokarpium Biji Asam (Tamarandus indica) ....61
Gambar 11.1.1 Kunci Jaringan Batang Pinnus merkusii ...........................................62
Gambar 11.1.2 Jaringan Batang Pinnus merkusii ......................................................62
Gambar 11.1.3 Foto Jaringan Batang Pinnus merkusii ..............................................63
Gambar 11.2.1 Kunci Jaringan Batang Kembang Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) ..64
Gambar 11.2.2 Jaringan Batang Kembang Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) .............64
Gambar 11.2.3 Foto Jaringan Batang Kembang Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) ....65
Gambar 11.3.1 Kunci Jaringan Batang Jagung (Zea mays) .......................................66
Gambar 11.3.2 Jaringan Batang Jagung (Zea mays) ..................................................66
Gambar 11.3.3 Foto Jaringan Batang Jagung (Zea mays) .........................................67
Gambar 11.4.1 Kunci Jaringan Batang Sambucus javanica ......................................68
Gambar 11.4.2 Jaringan Batang Sambucus javanica .................................................68
Gambar 11.4.3 Foto Jaringan Batang Sambucus javanica .........................................69
Gambar 12.1.1 Kunci Jaringan Akar Jarak (Ricinnus communis) .............................70
Gambar 12.1.2 Jaringan Akar Jarak (Ricinnus communis) ........................................70
Gambar 12.1.3 Foto Jaringan Akar Jarak (Ricinnus communis)................................71
Gambar 12.2.1 Kunci Jaringan Akar Jagung (Zea Mays) ..........................................72
Gambar 12.2.2 Jaringan Akar Jagung (Zea Mays) .....................................................72
Gambar 12.2.3 Foto Jaringan Akar Jagung (Zea Mays) ............................................73
Gambar 12.3.1 Kunci Jaringan Akar Aloe sp. ............................................................74
Gambar 12.3.2 Jaringan Akar Aloe sp. ......................................................................74
Gambar 12.3.3 Foto Jaringan Akar Aloe sp. ..............................................................75
Gambar 13.1.1 Kunci Jaringan Daun Karet (Ficus elastica) .....................................76
Gambar 13.1.2 Kunci Jaringan Epidermis Bawah Daun Karet (Fiscus elastic) ........76
Gambar 13.1.3 Jaringan Daun Karet (Fiscus elastic) ................................................77
Gambar 13.1.4 Jaringan Epidermis Bawah Daun Karet (Ficus elastica) ..................77

ix
Gambar 13.1.5 Foto Jarigan Daun Karet (Ficus elastica) .........................................77
Gambar 13.1.6 Foto Jaringan Epidermis Atas Daun Karet (ficus elastica) ...............78
Gambar 13.2.1 Kunci Jaringan Daun Jagung (Zea mays) ..........................................80
Gambar 13.2.2 Kunci Jaringan Epidermis Bawah Daun Jagung ( Zea mays) ...........80
Gambar 13.2.3 Jaringan Daun Jagung (Zea mays) ....................................................81
Gambar 13.2.4 Jaringan Epidermis Bawah Daun Jagung (Zea mays) .......................81
Gambar 13.2.5 Foto Jaringan Daun Jagung (Zea mays) ............................................81
Gambar 13.2.6 Foto Jaringan Epidermis Bawah Daun Jagung (Zea mays)...............82