Distillate
Feed
Residue/
bottom
x A xB 1 p A pB P
y A yB 1 PA .x A PB .x B P
p A x A PA PA .x A PB (1 x A ) P
p A PA x A
yA
P P
x = fraksi liquid
y = fraksi vapor
pA = partial pressure A (atm)
PA = vapor pressure pure A (atm)
19/10/2014 Nur Istianah-KPP-Distilasi-2014 3
Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE)
2. Boiling-point diagram and xy plots
Contoh
Soal
Penyelesaian
PA .x A PB (1 x A ) P
PA x A
yA 0.632
P
y B 0.368
19/10/2014 Nur Istianah-KPP-Distilasi-2014 6
Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE)
Penyelesaian
Titik didih adalah suhu pada saat tekanan total = 1 atm
PB .x B Pw (1 x B ) P
Untuk T = 308.5
0.043 (0.5) + 0.15(0.5) = 101.32
xA = 0.411 xB = 0.589
PA x A
yA 0.632
P
y B 0.368
19/10/2014 Nur Istianah-KPP-Distilasi-2014 7
Basic concept of distillation methods
Simple
Vapor Destillate
Condensor
Residue
Q
Vapor Destillate
Condensor
Liquid
Rectification
/ reflux
Residue Reflux
19/10/2014 Q, boiler
Nur Istianah-KPP-Distilasi-2014 8
Single stage distillation
Pemisahan n-heptane - n-
octane, Benzene, Toluene, Kondensat berupa campuran
Xylene komponen dan air (immisible).
Cth: minyak esensial
19/10/2014 Nur Istianah-KPP-Distilasi-2014 9
Flash distillation
Enthalpy balance:
F.hF = B.hB + V.hV
Pada tekanan 20 kPa: (steam table)
hB =251 kJ/kg, hV= 2610 kJ/kg
100.hF = 96.43 x 251 + 3.57 x 2610
hF = 335.2 kJ/kg
(pada steam table)
Vapor, Destillat,
dL, y* D
Condensor
L, x
Fractional
Extractive Azeotrop
Reactive
Equilibrium
Final vapor
dikondensasi
(distillate)
Toluene + Benzene
Fuel Gas
tray
Crude Middle
Oil Distillate
Cair Uap
Lubricating Oil
Residue
• Azeotrope
– Liquid mixture
characterized by a
maximum or
minimum boiling pt.
(bp) which is lower
or higher than bp
for any of the
components and
that distills without
change in
composition
– Distillation – form
an azeotrope
• Extractive
– A third component is added to extract one of the
major components
Solvent
– Other interactions
• Hydrogen, dipole-dipole, ion-dipole, pi bonds