Referensi:
https://competencydefinition.com/benefits-of-competency-mapping.html
https://www.google.com/amp/s/m.wikihow.com/Do-Competency-Mapping-in-an-Organization
%3famp=1?espv=1
Giovanna Gianesini
University of Verona
Human capital management (HCM) is an approach to employee staffing that perceives people as assets (human
capital) whose current value can be measured and whose future value can be enhanced through
investment. Human resources is a general term used to represent the people element within organizations. The
question is how to translate human resources into human capital and ultimately into human investment. We can
say that Human Capital is a well employed human resource that is actively engaged in meaningful, worthwhile
work and delivering some level of desired productivity.
Some references:
Lepak, D. P., & Snell, S. A. (1999). The human resource architecture: Toward a theory of human capital
allocation and development. Academy of management review, 24(1), 31-48.
Snell, S. A., & Dean, J. W. (1992). Integrated manufacturing and human resource management: A human capital
perspective. Academy of Management journal, 35(3), 467-504.
Lepak, D. P., & Snell, S. A. (2002). Examining the human resource architecture: The relationships among human
capital, employment, and human resource configurations. Journal of Management, 28(4), 517-543.
Rauch, A., Frese, M., & Utsch, A. (2005). Effects of Human Capital and Long‐Term Human Resources
Development and Utilization on Employment Growth of Small‐Scale Businesses: A Causal Analysis1.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(6), 681-698.
Arup Barman
Assam University
Human Resource Management and Human Capital Management having a clear distinctions. Human Capital is
used from profit center point of view. Human resources are used from development and cost center point of view.
Human resource means those employee or would be employee who is having four characteristics- Physics
(head leg, hand); Mind and Intellect; Relationships; and Spirits. These are resource and those can be
development (from source - regenerate, repaired).
But human Capital treats those people who already have developed all the resource and these resources can be
used for maximising profits.
Superior University
Dear Paul, RBV theory supports that Human resources are rare, valuable, unique, and non-substitutable
(Barney, 1991). Human resources fulfill these four point criteria (Snell et al., 1996) to become human capital.
Economies need human capital and infrastructure to develop them (Beugre C, 2004). Later experience and
performance makes human resources social capital.
Wright P, McMahan G, McWilliams A (1994). “Human resources and sustained competitive advantage: a
resource-based perspective”. Int. J. Hum. Resour. Manag., 5(2): 301 - 326.
Budhwar P, Debrah Y (2001). (eds) Human Resource Management in Developing Countries. London: Routledge.
Beugre C (2004). “HRM in Ivory Coast”, in K Kamoche, Y Debrah, F Horwitz, G Muuka (eds) Managing Human
Resources in Africa. London: Routledge. pp. 135 - 150.
Abbas Q, Foreman J (2008). Human Capital and Economic Growth: Pakistan. 1960-2003. Lahore J. Econ.,
13(1): 1-27. Barro RJ (1991). Human Capital and Growth. Am. Econ. Rev. Papers Proc., 91(2): 12-17.