OH
O
OH O
OH
HO OH HO
HO
phenol p-hydroxybenzoic acid
pyrocatechol OH
caffeic acid
OH
OH HO
HO O
HO
OH HO
hydroxystilbene
OH O
quercetin
Pengelompokan Senyawa-senyawa Fenolik
S ATOM KERANGKA
KELAS CONTOH SENYAWA
KARBON STRUKTUR
6 C6 Fenol sederhana, Katecol, hidrokuinon
7 C 6 – C1 Asam Fenolat Asam salisilat
Asetofenon, Asam
8 C 6 – C2 p-hidroksifenilasetat
fenilasetat
Asam hidroksi sinamat Kafeat
9 C 6 – C3
Fenilpropanoid Miristisin
10 C6 – C4 Naftakuinon Juglon, plumbagin
13 C 6 – C1 – C6 Santon Mangiferin
Stilbena Asam lunularat
14 C6 – C2 – C6
Antrakuinon Emodin
15 C 6 – C3 – C6 Flavonoid, Isoflavonoid Kuercetin, Genistein
18 (C6 – C3)2 Lignan, Neolignan Pinoserol, Eusiderin
30 (C6 – C3 – C6)2 Biflavonoid Amentoflavon
(C6 – C3)n Lignin -
n (C6)6 Katecol melanin -
(C6 – C3 – C6)n Tanin terkondensasi -
BIOSINTESIS GOLONGAN SENYAWA FENOLIK
JALUR SIKIMAT
FENOL
STILBENA
LIGNAN
LIGNIN FLAVONOID
ANTOSIANIN
Fenol sederhana C6, Asam fenolik C6 – C1
dan Asam fenilasetat C6 – C2
R1 R2 (H3C)2HC
R1 = R2 = R3 = H ; fenol
R1=R2= H, R3 = CH3 ; p-cresol
R1 = OH, R2 = R3 = H ; catechol HO CH3
HO R3
R1 = R2 = OH, R3 = H ; pyrogallol
Thymol
R1
R1 = H ; resorcinol
HO R1 = CH3 ; orcinol
R1 = OH ; phloroglucinol
OH
Fenol sederhana C6, Asam fenolik C6 – C1
dan Asam fenilasetat C6 – C2
R1
R3
Fenol sederhana C6, Asam fenolik C6 – C1
dan Asam fenilasetat C6 – C2