Perencanaan Jembatan
Perencanaan Jembatan
BAB I
KEDALAMAN PENGGERUSAN
Data Sungai :
+60,10 +55,45
A B = 56.25 m
MAB : + 53.25 B
+ 47.2
C
b = 38.1 m
K = b + 2h 1 + m2
= 38.1 + 2. 6.05 1+ 1.5 2
= 59.9136 m
Jadi A 285.409
R = = = 4.76367 m
K 59.9136
1 1
V= . R 0.67 i. 0.5 = . 4.76367 0.67 . 0.0057 0.5
n 0.025
= 8.59446 m/dt
2453
= 0.473 . 0.33
1.25
= 5.90684 m
BAB II
PERHITUNGAN KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN ATAS
p p
I = . D4 - d4 = . 6.05 4 - 5.59 4 = 17.8406 cm4
64 64
p p
W = . D3 - d3 = . 6.05 3 - 5.59 3 = 4.59331 cm4
32 32
Perhitungan pembebanan :
- Berat sendiri = 3.30252 kg/m
- Beban luar (beban orang) = 100 kg/m
qv = 103.303 kg/m
= 143.776 kg/m
Kontrol lendutan :
M 705003.43
fytd = = = 153.485 N/mm2
W 4593.3099
250 250
fizin = gm = = 217.391 N/mm2
1.15 fytd < fizin Aman !!!
2. Tiang sandaran
30 cm Pot. I - I
I I
30 cm
h = 15 cm
30 cm
b= 12 cm
12 cm 50 cm
Direncanakan :
- Ukuran tiang sandaran = 15 . 15 cm2
- Jarak antar tiang = 2 m
- gbeton = 2.5 t/m3
a. Beban vertikal
- Berat sendiri pipa sandaran = 3 . 3.30252 . 2 = 19.8151 kg
- Berat sendiri tiang sandaran = 0.15 . 0.15 . 1. 2500 = 56.25 kg
N = 76.0651 kg
a. Beban horisontal
Tiang-tiang sandaran pada tepi jembatan harus diperhitungkan untuk dapat menahan
beban sebesar 100 kg/m yang bekerja pada setinggi 90 cm diatas lantai kendaraan.
P = 100 . 2 = 200 kg
M = 200 . 0.9 . = 180 kgm = 1765260 Nmm
fy2 Mu
AS2 - fy . d. AS. + = 0
1,7 . fc' .b f
3000 2 1765260
AS2 - 3000 . 150 . AS. + = 0
1.7 224 150 0.8
Kontrol
1.4 1.4
rmin = = = 0.00467
fy 300
As. 5.09
rada = = = 0.02262 Ok !!!
b. d 15 . 15
= 0.02691 Ok !!!
P= 100 kg/m'
15 qLL = 500 kg/m2
90 15 I
20
20
I
75
25
56 40 45 1.70 m
16 60
f = 5.2 m
2,5 m 2,5 m 2,5 m 2,5 m 2,5 m 2,5 m 2,5 m 2,5 m 2,5 m 2,5 m 2,5 m 2,5 m 2,5 m 2,5 m 2,5 m 2,5 m
L = 35 m
A 2.5 m
1 160 . 2.5
= (-) . 115.2 . 2.5 2 + (-)
12 8
= -110 kgm
2 EI EI = konstan
MAB = MFAB + 2 qA + qB
L
2 EI
MBA= MFBA + qA + 2qB
L
Gaya dalam
Bentang AC ( 0 < x < 1.25 )
fy2 Mu
AS2 - fy . d. AS. + = 0
1,7 . fc' .b f
3000 2 1100000
AS2 - 3000 . 160 . AS. + = 0
1.7 224 200 0.8
Kontrol
1.4 1.4
rmin = = = 0.00467
fy 300
As. 3.53
rada = = = 0.01104 Ok !!!
b. d 20 . 16
= 0.02691 Ok !!!
Pu = 448 kg
Mu = 210 kgm
20 x 20 cm
Lu = 5.2 m
Penulangan Kolom
~ Mengecek pengaruh kelangsingan kolom
Untuk komponen struktur tekan yang tidak ditahan terhadap goyangan ke samping, pengaruh
kelangsingan dapat diabaikan jika memenuhi :
k . Lu
< 22 SK. SNI T - 15 - 1991 - 03. 33 11 4)
r
dimana :
k = faktor tekuk = 1
lu = panjang kolom = 5.2
I 1/ 12 . 20 . 20 3
r = radius girasi = = = 5.7735
A 20 . 20
atau r = 0,3 . h. = 0.3 . 20 = 6
Jadi :
k . Lu 1. 5.2
= = 86.6667 > 22
r 0.06
Cm
d = > 1
Pu
1 -
f . Pc
Dimana : Cm = 1 (konservatif)
Pu = 0.448 ton
p2 . EI
Pc =
(k . Lu)2
Ec . Ig
EI =
2,5 . (1 + bd)
Ec = 4700 . fc' = 4700 22.4 = 22219.620 Mpa = 2221962.0 t/m2
Ig = 1/12 . b. h3 =
1
Ig = . 0.2 . 0.2 3 = 0.0001333 m4
12
1,2 . qdl 1.2 . 96
Bd = = = 0.418605
1,2 . qdl + 1,6 . qll 1.2 . 96 + 1.6 . 100
diperoleh :
2221962.0 . 0.0001333
EI = = 83.53605661
2.5 . ( 1 + 0.4186 )
p2 . 83.536057
Pc = = 30.4598
1. 5.2 2
1
d = = 1.023 > 1 Ok !!!
0.448
1 -
0.65 . 30.4598
Mu = 0.21 tm
Mc = d . Mu
= 1.02315 . 0.21 = 0.21486 tm
Hitung :
Pu 0.448
Pn perlu = = = 0.68923 ton
f 0.65
Mc 0.2149
Mn perlu = = = 0.33056 tm
f 0.65
Eksentrisitas :
Mn perlu 0.3305566189
e = = = 0.4796 = 479.602
Pn perlu 0.6892307692
Hitung nilai r
~ Sumbu vertikal
Pu 4480
= = 0.00907
f . Ag . 0,85 . fc' 0.65 . 200 . 200 . 0.85 . 22.4
~ Sumbu horizontal
Pu e 479.602
. = 0.00907 . = 0.02175
f . Ag . 0,85 . Fc' h 200
= 340 mm2
1.70
Beban garis : P = 12 . . 1.24 = 9.16 ton
2.75
1.70
Beban merata : P = 2.2 . . 1.24 = 1.68 ton
2.75
0.81363 t 0.81363 t
3.705 a b c d
A a b c
1m 1m 1m ###
= 648.345 tm
= 192.542 tm
= 132.338 tm
bk b0
t 20
= = 0.22
h 90
Penulangan :
Md = 64835 kgm
h = 95 - 5 = 90 cm
90
Ca = = 4.29856
20 . 64835
1740 . 1.7000
Ca = 4.29856 )
nw = 0.07728
d = 0.2 ) f = 2.175 > fo (OK)
0.07728
A = . 170 . 90 = 59.1 cm2
20
15 f 22 = 57.02 cm2
8 D 8 4222.75
td = . = . = 1.34 < tb = 6.5 kg/cm2
7 bh 7 40 . 90
Mc = 19254 kbm
90
Ca = = 7.60685
20 . 19254
1740 . 1.581
0.1091
A = . 170 . 90 = 83.5 cm2 12 f 1"
20
8 D 8 57945.25
tc = . = . = 18.4 < t = 5.5 kg/cm2
7 bh 7 40 . 90
Mb = 132338 kgm
90
Ca = = 2.96327
20 . 132338
1740 . 1.649
0.0589
A = . 170 . 90 = 45.1 cm2 7 f 1"
20
8 D 8 62463.875
tb = . = . = 19.8 < t = 5.5 kg/cm2
7 bh 7 40 . 90
Ma = 68021 kgm
90
Ca = = 4.17563
20 . 68021
1740 . 1.683
0.0309
A = . 170 . 90 = 23.6 cm2 4 f 1"
20
8 D 8 66168.875
ta = . = . = 21 >t= 5.5 kg/cm2
7 bh 7 40 . 90
As . sa 1.43 . 1400
tyang terjadi = = = 2.5 kg/cm2 > tsisa (OK)
b .d 40 . 20
beban trotoir.
Selanjutnya perhitungan BM-tepi dapat diselesaikan analog dengan cara perhitungan untuk
BM-tengah.
BAB III
PERHITUNGAN KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN BAWAH
7.0 m
12
P = = 4.36 t/m
2.75
~ Beban jalur
1.1
q = 2.2 - .( L - 30 )
60
1.1
= 2.2 - .( 30 - 30 )
60
= 2.2 t/m2
PNH = (q . 5,5) . 100% + (q . 1,5) . 50% . 0,5 . L + (P . 5,5) . 100% + (P . 1,5) . 50%
I 0.65 m
II 0.9 m
III 0.4 m
IV V
0.4 m
0.7 m
5.5 m
VI
2.35 m
IX 0.5 m
My 280.306
Yca = = = 1.9011 m
G 147.444
b. Sayap
2.7 m 0.2 0.6
0.65 m I
0.9 m
II
0.4 m
0.4 m III
IV
1.05 m V
VI
1.30 VII
0.5 m
Torsi Mx = 43.2934 tm
57.8061
y = = 3.15 m
18.3528
c. Berat tanah
0.2 0.2 0.6
0.65 m I
1.3 m II
0.4 m II
IV
I
0.7 m
2.35 m V
0.3 m VI
0.5 m
Torsi Mx = 120.107 tm
292.73
y = = 2.76 m
105.908
3.8 m
Pa1
Pa2
1.7 m
Pa2 = 1/2 gt . H2 . Ka . L
= 1/2 . 1.8 . 5.5 2 . 0.33 . 11
= 99.8 ton
Pa total = 122 t
= 0.830794684248021
0.9901 . 2.11598
= 0.39655
- Pasif
cos2 (f - fo) 0.830794684248021
KEP= =
sin f . sin (f - fo) 0.20567
cos2 fo 1 - 2 0.9901 . 1 - 2
cos fo 0.99504
= 0.830794684248021
0.9901 . 0.29742
= 2.82131
- Pasif
PEp = 1/2 gt . H2 . KEp . L
= 1/2 . 1.8 . 1.70 2 . 2.82 . 11
= 80.7 ton
5. Beban Angin
1. Beban angin tegak lurus
(50% . (30% + 50%) . (L - 5) - H . 150 + 100% . L . 2 . 150)
Ar =
2
Dimana : L = 30 m
H = 3.55 m
Ar = -4761.3 t
Menurut ketentuan gaya angin yang dipilih adalah arah memanjang Al = 2,1 t setinggi
H = 5,5 m
MAl = 2,1 . 5,5 = 11.55 tm
0,3 Mp + Ma
Tg = 2p . h3
3 EI . g
Dimana : Mp = 147.444
Ma = 126.6
Mmv = 240.231 t
Mv = 434.725
KOMBINASI PEMBEBANAN
1. KOMBINASI I
Muatan V (ton) H (ton) MV ton.m MH (ton.m)
M 434.7252 240.23076
H 116.76136
Ta -35.772 -194.2688
Tu
100% 551.48656 -35.772 240.23076 -194.2688
100% 551.48656 -35.772 240.23076 -194.2688
2. KOMBINASI II
Muatan V (ton) H (ton) MV ton.m MH (ton.m)
M 434.7252 240.23076
Ta -35.772 -194.2688
Gg -18.99 -75.0105
A -2.1 -11.55
125% 434.7252 -56.862 240.23076 -280.8293
100% 347.78016 -45.4896 192.184608 -224.66344
3. KOMBINASI III
Muatan V (ton) H (ton) MV ton.m MH (ton.m)
M 551.48656 -35.772 240.23076 -194.2688
Rm -5.8380682 -38.239347
Gg -18.99 -75.0105
A -2.1 -11.55
140% 551.48656 -62.700068 240.23076 -319.06865
100% 393.91897 -44.785763 171.5934 -227.90618
4. KOMBINASI IV
Muatan V (ton) H (ton) MV ton.m MH (ton.m)
M 434.7252 240.23076
Gh -29.23968 -103.44125
Tag -63.948714 -243.23687
150% 434.7252 -93.188394 240.23076 -346.67812
100% 289.8168 -62.125596 -231.11875
0.65 m
1.3 m
0.4 m
2.35 m
I III II I
0.3 m VI
0.5 m
III II
I. Potongan I - I
q = 1.08 tm/m2
II
III
IV V
4.70 m
Pa1
VI
Pa2
I I
Diketahui :
Ls = 11 m
Pa total = 91.5 t
SM = M1 + M2 = 157.944 tm
SM 157.944
y= = = 1.73 m
SP 91.509
Bangunan bawah
a. Berat abutment
I 2.45 4.375 3.432 - - 8.4084
II 2.55 3.6 9.504 - - 24.2352
III 1.75 2.95 21.12 - - 36.96
IV 2.28333 2.61667 3.696 - - 8.4392
V 1.21667 2.61667 3.696 - - 4.4968
VI 1.75 1.375 48.312 - - 84.546
b. Tekanan tanah
Pa1 - 2.35 18.612 43.738
Pa2 - 1.56667 72.897 114.205
369.541 147.677 385.423 213.901
fy2 Mu
AS2 - fy . d. AS. + = 0
1,7 . fc' .b f
3000 2 1715222801
AS2 - 3000 . 960 . AS. + = 0
1.7 224 1000 0.8
Kontrol
1.4 1.4
rmin = = = 0.00467
fy 300
As. 4908.74
rada = = = 0.00511 Ok !!!
b. d 1000 . 960
= 0.02691 Ok !!!
II. Potongan II - II
II I
1.7
0.3 1 II
Pp
0.5 2
II
fy2 Mu
AS2 - fy . d. AS. + = 0
1,7 . fc' .b f
3000 2 74175750
AS2 - 3000 . 500 . AS. + = 0
1.7 224 1000 0.8
Kontrol
1.4 1.4
rmin = = = 0.00467
fy 300
As. 2454.37
rada = = = 0.00491 Ok !!!
b. d 1000 . 500
= 0.02691 Ok !!!
0.65 m I
0.9 m
II
0.4 m
0.4 m III
IV
1.05 m V
VI
1.30 VII
fy2 Mu
AS2 - fy . d. AS. + = 0
1,7 . fc' .b f
3000 2 4197868450
AS2 - 3000 . 500 . AS. + = 0
1.7 224 1000 0.8
Kontrol
1.4 1.4
rmin = = = 0.00467
fy 300
As. 3926.99
rada = = = 0.00785 Ok !!!
b. d 1000 . 500
= 0.02691 Ok !!!
~ Abutment II
Elevasi Sondir = + 55.45 m
Elevasi Kaki poer = + 49.95 m
Elevasi tanah keras = + 55.45 - 23 = 32.45 m
Direncanakan panjang tiang pancang = 23 - 5.5 = 17.5 18 m
Data sondir : qc = 150 kg/cm 2
~ Abutment I
qc . A STf . K A = 1/4 p d2
Q = +
3 5 = 1/4 . 3,14 . 40 2
= 1256 cm 2
= 85.408 ton
~ Abutment II
qc . A STf . K A = 1/4 p d2
Q = +
3 5 = 1/4 . 3,14 . 40 2
= 1256 cm2
= 84.152 ton
0.50
1.25
1.25
0.50
S ³ 3
Sn = 150 cm dan Sm = 125 cm
P1
P2 P0
P3
X3 X4 P4
P5
X2 X5 P6
X1 X6
Analogi :
P2 : P1 = X1 : X2 P4 = P1. (X4/X1)
M. X1
P1 =
(2X12 + X22 + 2X32 + 2 X42 + X52 + 2 X62)
DIMANA :
M = 231.11875 - 240.23076 = -9.11201
X1 = 4.5 m X4 = 1.5 m
X2 = 3.0 m X5 = 3.0 m
X3 = 1.5 m X6 = 4.5 m
-9.11201 x 4.50
PM =
( 2. 4.5 ^2 + 3.0 ^2 + 2. 1.5 ^2 + 2. 1.5 ^2 + 3.0 ^2 + 2. 4.5 ^2)
-41.00407
PM = = -0.380 Ton
108.00
V
PMAKS = + PM
n
551.4866
PMAKS = + -0.380
11
A B B A
A A
C D C
D E C
C A
A B A
B
A B
1. Metode Feld
3 8
Effisiensi Tiang A = 1 - =
11 11
4 7
Effisiensi Tiang B = 1 - =
11 11
4 7
Effisiensi Tiang C = 1 - =
11 11
4 7
Effisiensi Tiang D = 1 - =
11 11
8 32
4 Buah Tiang A = 4 x Eff A = 4 =
11 11
7 28
4 Buah Tiang B = 4 x Eff B = 4 =
11 11
7 14
2 Buah Tiang C = 2 x Eff C = 2 =
11 11
7 7
1 Buah Tiang D = 1 x Eff D = 1 =
11 11
81
Total Eff. = = 7.3636
11
7.3636
Effisiensi Satu Tiang = = 0.6694
11
q (n - 1) m + (m - 1) n
SFf . N = 1 - .
90 m .n
Dimana : 40
q = Arc Tan = 17.7447 0
125
m = 3
n = 7
17.7 7- 1 3 + 3- 1 7
SFf . N = 1 - .
90 3 . 7
= 0.69956
= 78.6157 ton
= 77.737 ton
1256 . 156767
Kv = 2.2925 . = 180557 kg/cm
2500
E = 156767 kg/cm
p
I = . D4 = 125664 cm4
64
4 k.D
b = = 0.0071956072 cm-1
4EI
k = ko . y-1/2 = 5.2812204 kg/cm2
ko = 0,2 . Eo . D-3/4 = 5.28122
Eo = 28 N = 420 kg/cm2
Untuk kemiringan tiang pancang dianggap qi = 0, hal ini adalah kondisi kritis pada
stabilitas abutment.
Aaa = S (Kv cos2qi + K1 sin2 qi) xi2 +(K2 + K3) xi . sin qi K4)
= SKv . x2 + SK4 = 3123032609
dx = #VALUE! cm
dy = #VALUE! cm
a = #VALUE! rad
Pni = Kv . dyi
PHi = K1 dx - K2 a
PH1 = #VALUE! kg
PH2= #VALUE! kg
PH3 = #VALUE! kg
Mt1 = #VALUE! kg m
Mt2= #VALUE! kg m
Mt3 = #VALUE! kg m
Kontrol !!!
SHi = n . PHi = #VALUE!
SVi = 5 . PN1 + 3 PN2 + 5 PN3 =
Mti = S (Mti + Vi . Xi)
= n . Mti + 5 V1 . 125 + 5 V3 (-125)
=
a. diangkat
a L - 2a a
M1 M3
M2
4a2 + 4a L - L2 =0 L = 19 m
4a2 + 4a 19 - 19 2 = 0
4 a2 + 76 a - 361 = 0
Dengan rumus ABC diperoleh :
a1 = 3.93503
a2 = -22.935 (tidak memenuhi)
b. diangkat
2a2 - 4a 19 - 19 2= 0
L-a 2 a2 + 38 a - 361 = 0
Dengan rumus ABC diperoleh :
a1 = 6.95448
a2 = -25.9545 (tidak memenuhi)
Jadi keadaan yang paling menentukan adalah keadaan b. (Mmaks = 7293.24 kgm)
Penulangan diambil = 12 f 19
0.6
I
1 II
0.5
III IV
0.5 8.75
19 22.6 m
6.85
6
0.5 VI VII
1 VIII 1
1.5 1 1.5
27.6 66.24
Tekanan air pada pier (P) = K . V2 Dimana : K = Koef. Bentuk = 0,075 (balok persegi)
V= 8.594 m/det
P = 0.075 . 8.59 2 = 5.540 t/m2
Penulangan Pier
0.6
I
1 II
0.5
III IV
0.5 8.75
19 22.6 m
6.85
6
0.5 VI VII
1 VIII 1
1.5 1 1.5
Bangunan bawah
a. Berat abutment
I 0.5 22.3 1.44 - - 0.72
II 0 21.5 4.8 - - 0
III 0.66667 20.8333 0.3 - - 0.2
IV 0.66667 20.8333 0.3 - - 0.2
V 0 11 48 - - 0
VI 1 1.16667 0.9 - - 0.9
VII 1 1.16667 0.9 - - 0.9
VIII 0 0.5 9.6 - - 0
b. Tekanan Air
Pa - 9.28333 37.948 352.284
346.021 94.1158 579.763 49.735
Penulangan Pier
0.6
I
1 II
I III IV I
0.5
0.5 8.75
19 22.6 m
6.85
II III II
6
0.5 VI VII
1 VIII 1
1.5 1 1.5
III
I. Potongan I - I
sa 1740
fo = = = 0.87
n . sb 20 . 100
M 137544
eo1 = = = 0.41104 m
N 334621
1 1
eo2 = . ht = . 1 = 0.03 m
30 30
eo 0.44438
= = 0.44 Dari tabel diperoleh C = 7.58
ht 1
lk 1
e1 = C 2 ht = 7.58 1 = 0.0758 m
100 . ht 100 . 1
e2 = 0,15 . ht = 0.15 m
e = eo + e1 + e2 = 0.67018 m
h = ht - 5 = 95 cm
95
Ca = = 1.44731
20 . 374835
1 . 1740.0
ea 1.12018
= = 1.18 Dari tabel diperoleh i = 3.97
h 0.95
iA = w. b . h = 0.0372 . 100 . 95
353.353
A = A' = = 89 cm2 (tulangan simetris)
II. Potongan II - II
sa 1740
fo = = = 0.87
n . sb 20 . 100
M 2070227.4401
eo1 = = = 5.59265 m
N 370169.36607
1 1
eo2 = . ht = . 1 = 0.03 m
30 30
eo 5.62598
= = 5.63 Dari tabel diperoleh C = 7.7
ht 1
lk 1
e1 = C 2 ht = 7.7 1 = 0.077 m
100 . ht 100 . 1
e2 = 0,15 . ht = 0.15 m
e = eo + e1 + e2 = 5.85298 m
h = ht - 5 = 95 cm
95
Ca = = 0.58011
20 . 2E+06
1 . 1740.0
ea 6.30298
= = 6.63 Dari tabel diperoleh i = 1.47
h 0.95
1667.73
A = A' = = 1135 cm2 (tulangan simetris)
1.47
V M 346.021 335.025
smax = + = + = 166.416 t/m
A w 5.250 3.33333
V M 346.021 335.025
smin = - = - = -34.599 t/m
A w 5.250 3.33333
###
###
Mmaks = 1/8 . q . l2 = 105.963 tm
N = 119.19
Dik : K 325 s'b = 100 kg/cm2
n = 20
U32 sa = 1740 kg/cm2
sa 1740
fo = = = 0.87
n . sb 20 . 100
M 105963
eo1 = = = 0.88903 m
N 119190
1 1
eo2 = . ht = . 1 = 0.03 m
30 30
eo 0.92236
= = 0.92 Dari tabel diperoleh C = 7.69
ht 1
lk 1
e1 = C 2 ht = 7.69 1 = 0.0769 m
100 . ht 100 . 1
e2 = 0,15 . ht = 0.15 m
e = eo + e1 + e2 = 1.14926 m
h = ht - 5 = 95 cm
95
Ca = = 2.02957
20 . 190616
1 . 1740.0
ea 1.59926
= = 1.68 Dari tabel diperoleh i = 2
h 0.95
127.538
A = = 63.8 cm2
2
qc . A STf . K A = 1/4 p d2
Q = +
3 5 = 1/4 . 3,14 . 40 2
= 1256 cm 2
= 51.0773 ton
0.50
1.25
1.25
0.50
S ³ 3
Sn = 150 cm dan Sm = 125 cm
P1
P2 P0
P3
X3 X4 P4
P5
X2 X5 P6
X1 X6
Analogi :
P2 : P1 = X1 : X2 P4 = P1. (X4/X1)
M. X1
P1 =
(2X1 + X2 + 2X32 + 2 X42 + X52 + 2 X62)
2 2
DIMANA :
X1 = 4.5 m X4 = 1.5 m
X2 = 3.0 m X5 = 3.0 m
X3 = 1.5 m X6 = 4.5 m
530.02834 x 4.50
PM =
( 2. 4.5 ^2 + 3.0 ^2 + 2. 1.5 ^2 + 2. 1.5 ^2 + 3.0 ^2 + 2. 4.5 ^2)
2385.12751
PM = = 22.085 Ton
108.00
V
PMAKS = + PM
n
0.0000
PMAKS = + 22.085
11
A B B A
A A
C D C
D E C
C A
A B A
B
A B
1. Metode Feld
3 8
Effisiensi Tiang A = 1 - =
11 11
4 7
Effisiensi Tiang B = 1 - =
11 11
4 7
Effisiensi Tiang C = 1 - =
11 11
4 7
Effisiensi Tiang D = 1 - =
11 11
8 32
4 Buah Tiang A = 4 x Eff A = 4 =
11 11
7 28
4 Buah Tiang B = 4 x Eff B = 4 =
11 11
7 14
2 Buah Tiang C = 2 x Eff C = 2 =
11 11
7 7
1 Buah Tiang D = 1 x Eff D = 1 =
11 11
81
Total Eff. = = 7.3636
11
7.3636
Effisiensi Satu Tiang = = 0.6694
11
q (n - 1) m + (m - 1) n
SFf . N = 1 - .
90 m .n
Dimana : 40
q = Arc Tan = 17.7447 0
125
m = 3
n = 7
17.7 7- 1 3+ 3 - 1 7
SFf . N = 1 - .
90 3. 7
= 0.69956
= 47.6812 ton
1256 . 156767
Kv = 2.2925 . = 180557 kg/cm
2500
E = 156767 kg/cm
p
I = . D4 = 125664 cm4
64
4 k.D
b = = 0.0071956072 cm-1
4EI
k = ko . y-1/2 = 5.2812204 kg/cm2
ko = 0,2 . Eo . D-3/4 = 5.28122
Eo = 28 N = 420 kg/cm2
Untuk kemiringan tiang pancang dianggap qi = 0, hal ini adalah kondisi kritis pada
stabilitas abutment.
dx = #VALUE! cm
dy = #VALUE! cm
a = #VALUE! rad
Pni = Kv . dyi
PHi = K1 dx - K2 a
PH1 = #VALUE! kg
PH2= #VALUE! kg
PH3 = #VALUE! kg
Mt1 = #VALUE! kg m
Mt2= #VALUE! kg m
Mt3 = #VALUE! kg m
a. diangkat
a L - 2a a
M1 M3
M2
4a2 + 4a L - L2 =0 L = 10 m
4a2 + 4a 10 - 10 2= 0
4 a2 + 40 a - 100 = 0
Dengan rumus ABC diperoleh :
a1 = 2.07107
a2 = -12.0711 (tidak memenuhi)
b. diangkat
2a2 - 4a 10 - 10 2 = 0
L-a 2 a2 + 20 a - 100 = 0
Dengan rumus ABC diperoleh :
a1 = 3.66025
a2 = -13.6603 (tidak memenuhi)
Jadi keadaan yang paling menentukan adalah keadaan b. (Mmaks = 2020.29 kgm)
Penulangan diambil = 6 f 19
1.1
q = . 45 - 30 = 0.275 t/m
60
0.275 . 1.70
q = = 0.17 t/m
2.75
- Beban garis P = 12 t
20
- Koefisien kejut = 1 + = 1.21
50 + 45.0
12 . 2.00
P' = . 1.21053 = 10.5646 t/m
2.75
Langkah 1
Rencana penampang balok adalah sbb :
50
20
I
I
15 II II
15 15
20
15
55 135
III
25 25 Potongan A - A
25 IV IV
V
20
70
50
20 I
BAGIAN LUAS (cm2) Yi MOMEN STATIS I
II II
I 1000 125 125000 15
II 225 110 24750 74.862 15 15
III 1900 67.5 128250 20
IV 625 28.3333 17708.3333333333 60 135
V 1400 10 14000 III
TOTAL 5150 309708.333333333 25 25
60.138 25 IV IV
Statis momen 309708.33333
Yb = = = 60.138 cm V
Luas 5150 20
Ix 10385480.717
Zt = = = 138727.48478 cm3
Yt 74.862
Ix 10385480.717
Zb = = = 172695.46841 cm3
Yb 60.138
Dengan mengambil lebar manfaat lantai = 0,8 x 3.2 = 2.56 m, maka dapat dianggap bahwa kekakuan
beton pratekan dan lantai adalah sama.
Tabel 1
Balok pratekan sendiri
Tabel 2
A Y A.Y A.Y2 Io
Penampang
(Cm ) 2
(Cm) (Cm ) 3
(Cm ) 4
(Cm4 )
Lantai 2560 10 25600 256000 170666.667
Balok 5150 94.862 488541.66667 46344264.091 10385480.7
Jumlah 7710 104.86246 514141.66667 46600264.091 10556147.384
I Composit 22870853.317
Zct = = = 342968.27218 Cm3
Yct 66.685
I Composit 22870853.317
Zcb = = = 258969.1893 Cm3
Yc b
88.315
Langkah 2
Perhitungan tegangan
Balok pratekan memikul beban
- Beban mati (DL)
Balok pratekan = 1236 Kg/m'
Lantai kendaraan = 850 Kg/m'
Lapisan Aspal = 340 Kg/m'
Berat air hujan = 85 Kg/m'
0.275 . 1.70
q = = 0.17 t/m
2.75
- Beban titik
12 . 2.00
P' = . 1.21053 = 10.5646 t/m
2.75
Langkah 3
Menentukan tegangan akibat beban luar
Beban akibat beban aspal, air hujan & beban hidup dipikul oleh penampang komposit
(balok + lantai)
* Momen akibat beban luar (air hujan dan aspal) (Mws)
Mws = 1/8 425 x 45 2 = 107578.13 Kg.m
Mws 10757813
fwsts = = = 31.366786 Kg/cm2
Zct 342968.27
Mws 10757813
fwsb = = = -41.540897 Kg/cm2
Zcb 258969.19
Ytc - t
fwst = x fwsts
Yc t
66.685 - 20
= x 31.3668 = 21.959343 Kg/cm2
66.685
66.685 - 20
= x 12.5467 = 8.7837373 Kg/cm2
66.685
66.685 - 20
= x 17.3269 = 12.130276 Kg/cm2
66.685
Tabel 3
Hasil-hasil yang diperoleh dari langkah 2 & 3
ft fb f ts
Momen (kg.cm)
(kg/cm2 ) (kg/cm2 ) (Cm3 )
MG = 31286250 225.52308254 -181.1642789 -
Mss = 21515625 155.09273475 -124.587085 -
Mdd = 7119140.625 51.317448999 -41.22366783 -
Mws = 10757812.5 21.95934325 -41.54089731 31.366786297
ML = 4303125 8.7837373002 -16.61635893 12.546714519
MPS = 5942583.73205741 12.13027611 -22.94706852 17.326919759
ML = 10935000 22.321026551 -42.22510033 31.883415718
Total 497.1276495 -470.3044568
f ts
ft
yt c +
ybc
-
fb
bo
Langkah 4
Perencanaan kawat pratekan
Tinggi balok pratekan = 135 cm
Taksir letak titik berat kawat pratekan = 15% x tinggi balok dari dasar
= 15% x 135 ~ 20 cm
e = 60.138 - 20
= 40.1375 cm
F F.e
fc sisa = +
A Zb
F F . 40.1
461.65113 = +
5150 172695.46841
F = 1082182.2 Kg
74.86 cm
135 cm
CGC
60.14 cm CGS
e = 40.1375 cm
20 cm
Digunakan kawat pratekan tipe 270K f 1/2" dengan final force = 17615 lbs = 824498 kg
1082182.2
Jumlah kawat yang diperlukan = = 1.31
824497.5
Digunakan sebanyak 5 buah kawat
BAB III
PERHITUNGAN KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN BAWAH
2
I
0.7 II
0.7
III IV
4 Pa1
Pp1
0.3 VI VII
Pp2
0.6 VIII
Pp3
2 1 2
Arif
PERENCANAAN JEMBATAN
S F.X 25.9245
X = = = 2.46 m
SF 10.53
S F.Y 27.991
Y = = = 2.66 m
SF 10.53
Arif
PERENCANAAN JEMBATAN
Beban mati
* Berat aspal = 770 kg/m
* Berat lantai kendaraan = 3024 kg/m
* Berat gelagar induk = 7837.87 kg/m
* Berat trotoar = 993.6 kg/m
* Berat pipa sandaran = 96.48 kg/m
* Berat beton pengisi = 552 kg/m
q = 13274 kg/m
Beban hidup
20
* Koefisien kejut (K) = 1 + = 1.22
50 + 40.0
12 1
* Beban terpusat (P) = . 5.5 + . 1.5 . 1.22 = 33333 kg
2.75 2
2.2 1
* Beban jalur (q) = . 5.5 + . 1.5 . 1.5 = 7500 kg
2.75 2
Reaksi total
* Beban mati = 1/2 . 13274 . 40.0 + 1/2 . 6231.36 = 268595 kg
Beban terpusat = = 33333 kg
Beban merata = 1/2 . 7500 = 3750 kg
Beban hidup trotoar = 1/2 . 1000 . 40.0 = 20000 kg
S Rtot = 325678 kg
Arif
PERENCANAAN JEMBATAN
~ Gaya normal
N = SG + SB + R
= 27369 + 25272 + 325678
= 378319 kg
MT = N . X
SH = Pa + HR + K - Pp
Nf = N . Tan j
Arif
PERENCANAAN JEMBATAN
~ Kontrol kestabilan
- Stabilitas terhadap guling
Syarat : MT > 2
MG
- Stabilitas terhadap gaya vertikal, titik tangkap harus berada didaerah pusat.
Penulangan Abutment
0.3
I I
Pa
II II
Pp
2 1 2
III IV
Potongan I - I
Pa = 1/2 . gt . h2 . Ka = 1/2 . 1.8 . 2 2 . 0.33 = 1.2 kg/m
M = Pa'
Arif
PERENCANAAN JEMBATAN
Mu = 0 kg.cm
fy2 Mu
AS2 - fy . d. AS. + = 0
1,7 . fc' .b f
0 2 0
AS2 - 0 . 0 . AS. + = 0
1.7 0 0 0.8
f 16 - 20 = 10.05 cm2
Kontrol
1.4 0
rmin = = = ###
fy 0
As. 10.05
rada = = = ### #DIV/0!
b. d 0 . 0
= ### ###
Sehingga :
.
st = + = ### + ###
Arif
PERENCANAAN JEMBATAN
st min = 0 - 0 = 0
Arif
PERENCANAAN JEMBATAN
Arif
PERENCANAAN JEMBATAN
600
0
Arif