Sawah
Tambak
Hutan
Sawah
Advisory Committee:
Irsal Las, Mamat H.S.
Scientific Editors:
Le Istiqlal Amien, Adi Widjono
Managing Editors:
Karmini Gandasasmita, Widhya Adhy, Sukmara
PENGANTAR
FOREWORD
i
Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................... i
iii
Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
Halaman
4. BETA ............................................................................... 34
5. Pupuk Berbasis Mikroba ......................................................... 35
a. M-Dec ......................................................................... 35
b. Nodulin ....................................................................... 36
c. BioNutrient .................................................................. 37
d. SMESh (Soil Microorganism to Enhance Soybean Growth) ............ 38
e. Tithoganic ................................................................... 39
6. Tanah Sawah dan Teknologi Pengelolaannya ................................ 39
7. Tanah Sawah Bukaan Baru ...................................................... 40
8. Pupuk Organik dan Pupuk Hayati .............................................. 41
9. Teknologi Konservasi Tanah pada Lahan Kering Berlereng ................ 42
10. Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Metode Analisisnya .................................... 43
11. Petunjuk Teknis Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk ........ 44
12. Petunjuk Teknis Pengamatan Tanah .......................................... 45
13. Metode Analisis Biologi Tanah .................................................. 46
14. Penerapan Teknologi Pengelolaan Air dan Hara Terpadu untuk Bawang
Merah di Donggala ............................................................... 47
15. Teknik Konservasi Tanah untuk Lahan Usahatani Berbasis Tanaman
Sayuran ............................................................................ 48
16. Buklet Prima Tani ................................................................ 49
17. CD (Compact Disc) ............................................................... 50
a. CD Multifungsi Pertanian .................................................. 50
b. CD Mengenal Tanah Melalui Museum Tanah ............................ 51
c. CD Laboratorium dan Analisis Tanah .................................... 52
d. CD Metode Pengambilan Contoh Tanah ................................. 52
iv
Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
Halaman
v
Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
Halaman
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Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. i
vii
Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
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Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
Page
14. Methane Gas Emision in Various Rice Crop Management Systems ........ 81
15. Pesticide Residue Contamination in the Production Center of Food and
Vegetables Crops.................................................................. 83
16. Mitigation and Absorption Potential of Greenhouse Gas/GHG on
Agricultural Land ................................................................. 84
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Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
1
Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
Visi Vision
Misi Mission
2
Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
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Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
4
Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
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Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
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Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
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Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
Manfaat Benefits
1. Menentukan waktu tanam setiap musim 1. Determining planting time for each
(MH, MK I, dan MK II) pada setiap ke- season (rainy season/MH, dry season/
camatan berdasarkan kondisi iklim (La MK I, and MK II) in every subdistrict
based on the local climate condition
Nina, normal, atau El Nino) setempat.
(La Nina, normal, or El Nino).
2. Menentukan pola tanam secara spasial 2. Determining a cropping system spatial-
dan tabular pada skala kecamatan. ly and tabularly at the subdistrict scale.
3. Menentukan rotasi tanaman pada setiap 3. Determining a plant rotation in every
kecamatan berdasarkan potensi sum- subdistrict based on climate and water
berdaya iklim dan air. resource potential.
4. Mendukung perencanaan tanam, khu- 4. Supporting planting plans, especially
susnya untuk tanaman pangan. for food crops.
5. Decreasing the agricultural losses due
5. Mengurangi kerugian petani akibat per-
to the climatic change.
geseran musim.
Special Quality
Keunggulan
1. Dynamic, bacause it is formulated
1. Dinamis, karena disusun berdasarkan based on a number of climate condi-
beberapa kondisi iklim. tions.
2. Operasional pada skala kecamatan. 2. Operational at a subdistrict scale.
3. Spesifik lokasi, karena memper- 3. Specific location, because it considers
timbangkan kondisi sumberdaya iklim the conditions of local climate and
water resources.
dan air setempat.
4. Updatable.
4. Mudah diperbaharui (updatable).
5. User friendly, because it is arranged
5. Mudah dipahami oleh pengguna, karena spatially and tabularly with clear ex-
disusun secara spasial dan tabular planation.
dengan uraian yang jelas.
8
Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
9
Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
Tabel 1. Total luas lahan yang sesuai untuk pertanian lahan basah (LB), lahan
kering (LK) tanaman semusim, dan lahan kering tanaman tahunan
Table 1. Total of land suitable for wetland (LB) agriculture, dryland (LK) annual
food crops, dryland perennial crops
Pertanian/Agriculture
Pulau/Wilayah Total/
Island/Region LB-Semusim/ LK-Semusim*)/ LK-Tahunan**)/ Total
Annual Annual Perennial
……………………..………….…….. ha ………………..………………….…….
Sumatera 5.187.909 7.747.637 13.182.265 26.117.811
Jawa 4.366.736 1.964.103 2.774.498 9.105.337
Bali dan NT 479.829 1.229.525 1.630.891 3.340.245
Kalimantan 5.416.543 8.953.235 13.668.043 28.037.821
Sulawesi 1.930.187 790.983 3.787.147 6.508.317
Maluku dan Papua 8.040.334 4.403.412 8.516.790 20.960.536
Indonesia 25.421.538 25.088.895 43.559.634 94.070.067
Keterangan/Note : *) LK-Semusim juga sesuai untuk tanaman tahunan
LK-Annual is also suitable for perennial crops
**) LK-Tahunan pada lahan kering dan sebagian gambut
LK-Perennial on upland/dry land and partly peat land
10
Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
Lahan rawa (pasang surut) pernah Swamp area (tidal land) once
direklamasi seluas 4,19 juta ha, tetapi underwent reclamation of 4.19 million
hanya 835.000 ha yang dimanfaatkan. ha, but only 835,000 ha has been uti-
Lahan nonrawa yang berpotensi untuk lized. There is also a non-swamp area
pencetakan sawah juga terdapat di luar outside Java which is potential for rice
Jawa. Selain berada pada berbagai tipe field. Apart from being in different types
agroklimat, lahan tersebut umumnya ter- of climate, the land is generally on
dapat di dataran Aluvial. Alluvial land.
Sebagian besar lahan kering Most potential dry land has been
potensial sudah digunakan untuk berbagai used for different needs, both for agricul-
keperluan, baik untuk pertanian maupun ture and non-agriculture. The remaining
nonpertanian. Lahan kering yang masih
dry land which is overgrown by alang-
tersisa dan ditumbuhi oleh alang-alang
(Imperata cylndrica) dan semak belukar alang (Imperata cylndrica, a tall coarse
dapat dikembangan untuk pertanian ter- grass) and shrubs/bushes can be deve-
catat seluas 22,39 juta ha, yang terdiri loped as agricultural area covering 22.29
atas 7,08 juta ha untuk pertanian tanam- million ha, comprising 7.08 million ha for
an semusim, dan 15,31 juta ha untuk per- annual food crops, and 15.31 million ha
tanian tanaman tahunan. for perennial crops.
Tabel 2. Luas lahan yang sesuai untuk perluasan areal pertanian lahan basah (LB),
lahan kering (LK) tanaman semusim, dan lahan kering tanaman tahunan
Table 2. Land size which is suitable for agricultural area expansion of wetlands,
dry land for annual food crops, and dry land for perennial crops
LB-semusim LK- LK-
Pulau/Provinsi Total/
Rawa/ Nonrawa/ Total/ Semusim*)/ Tahunan**)/
Island/Province Total
Swamp Non-swamp Total Annual Perennial
……………..………………………..………… ha …………………………..…………..…………
Sumatera 354.854 606.193 960.847 1.311.776 3.226.785 5.499.407
Jawa 0 14.393 14.393 40.544 158.953 213.890
Bali dan NT 0 48.922 48.922 137.659 610.165 796.746
Kalimantan 730.160 665.779 1.395.939 3.639.403 7.272.049 12.307.390
Sulawesi 0 422.972 422.972 215.452 601.180 1.239.604
Maluku dan Papua 1.893.366 3.539.334 5.432.700 1.738.978 3.440.973 10.612.651
Indonesia 2.978.380 5.297.593 8.275.773 7.083.811 15.310.104 30.669.688
Keterangan/Note: *) LK-Semusim juga sesuai untuk tanaman tahunan
LK-Annual is also suitable for perennial crops
**) LK-Tahunan pada lahan kering dan sebagian gambut
LK-Perennial on upland/dry land and partly peat land
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Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
Salah satu upaya untuk mendukung One of the efforts to ensure the
keberlanjutan ketahanan pangan dan continuity of food security and farmers’
kesejahteraan petani di daerah setempat welfare in the region is by rehabilitating
adalah melakukan rehabilitasi lahan per- Tsunami-affected agricultural area, parti-
tanian yang terkena dampak tsunami, cularly rice field areas, in the hope that
terutama lahan sawah, dengan harapan they are as productive as they were
produktivitasnya sama dengan kondisi se- before Tsumani flood. Inventory of agri-
belum tsunami. Inventarisasi lahan per- cultural land which was impacted by
tanian terkena dampak tsunami dilakukan Tsunami was done in three regencies
di tiga kabupaten (Aceh Besar, Aceh (Aceh Besar, Aceh Jaya, and Aceh Barat)
Jaya, dan Aceh Barat) dan Kota Banda and the city of Banda Aceh. The land
Aceh. Sebaran lahan yang terkena dispersal with Tsunami impacts was
dampak tsunami dideteksi dari data/citra detected from data/satelite images by
satelit, dengan cara membandingkan ke- comparing the result of satelite images
nampakan hasil rekaman citra satelit recorded before and after Tsunami. How-
sebelum dan setelah terjadi tsunami.
ever, the degrees and kinds of destruc-
Walaupun demikian tingkat dan jenis ke-
tion required to be validated and studied
rusakannya perlu divalidasi dan dikaji di
in the field furnished with results soil and
lapangan yang dilengkapi dengan hasil
water sample analysis. The destruction in
analisis contoh tanah dan air di laborato-
form of mud piles and high salinity was
rium. Kerusakan berupa timbunan lumpur
dan salinitas tinggi dideteksi melalui detected through the indicator of
indikator genangan air yang tampak pada flooding water appeared from satelite
citra satelit. Sebagian besar lahan sawah image. Most rice fileds and coastal fish
dan tambak yang dekat pantai mengalami ponds were in a terrible condition due to
kerusakan akibat bencana tsunami. Hasil Tsunami. The recorded satelite images
rekaman citra satelit sebelum dan sete- before and after Tsunami attack showed
lah bencana tsunami mendeteksi lahan the destroyed agricultural areas because
pertanian yang rusak akibat terjangan of Tsunami.
tsunami. High concentration of salt was
Konsentrasi garam yang tinggi found in the basin area where sea mud
ditemukan pada daerah cekungan dimana was collected. From a field study, an
lumpur laut menggenang. Dari kajian di indicator of the destruction of agricul-
lapangan, indikator kerusakan lahan per- tural land in form of salinity increase
tanian berupa meningkatnya salinitas dari from the normal level approximately of
tingkat normal sekitar 1-2 menjadi 4-8 1-2 to 4-8 dS/m or more, which may
dS/m atau lebih, yang dapat menghambat hinder the growth of plants.
pertumbuhan tanaman.
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Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
Banda Aceh
Hutan
Hutan
Lho Nga
Sawah
Sawah rusak
Erosi/Abrasi
pantai
Tambak
Sawah
Citra Ikonos Daerah Lho’Nga- Banda Aceh Citra Ikonos Lho’Nga-Banda Aceh sesudah Tsunami (tgl. 29Des’2004)
sebelum Tsunami (14 Mei 2002)
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Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
14
Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
Tabel 3. Rincian lokasi Prima Tani, agroekosistem, dan luasan daerah yang diteliti
Table 3. Details of the locations of Prima Tani, agroecosystem, and the regional
coverage studied
Agroeko-
Provinsi/ Kabupaten/Kota Kecamatan/ Desa/ sistem/ Luas/
Province Regency/City Sub-District Village Agroeco- Area
system
ha
Nanggroe Aceh D. Bener Meriah Bukit Kute Tanyung LKDTIB 18.585
Bengkulu Seluma Air Periukan Talang Benuang LKDRIB 14.102
Jambi Muara Jambi Mestong Sebapo LKDRIB 39.085
Banten Serang Carenang Teras LSI 3.367
DKI Jakarta Jakarta Utara Cilincing Rorotan LSSI 3.866
DI Yogyakarta Gunung Kidul Semin Semin LKDRIK 8.394
Kapuas Mentangai Petak Batuah LPS 11.843
Kalimantan Tengah
Kapuas Kapuas Murung Sakata Bangun LPS 6.856
Kalimantan Timur Kutai Timur Sangkurilang Bual-bual LKDRIB 24.624
Sulawesi Utara Minahasa Selatan Sinonsayang Ongkaw I dan II LKDRIB 9.678
Sulawesi Tenggara Kolaka Lambandia Lambandia LKDRIB 19.376
Keterangan/Note: LSI = Lahan sawah intensif/Intensive wetland rice field); LSSI = Lahan sawah
semi intensif/Semi-intensive wetland rice field; LPS = Lahan pasang surut/Tidal Land; LKDTIB =
Lahan kering dataran tinggi iklim basah/Dry upland with wet climate; LKDRIB = Lahan kering
dataran rendah iklim basah/Dry lowland with wet climate; LKDRIK = Lahan kering dataran rendah
iklim kering/Dry lowland with dry climate
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Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
16
Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
2 Lahan Sawah Semi Intensif (LSSI) 2 Semi-Intensive Paddy Rice Field (SPRF)
Identifikasi dan karakterisasi LSSI Identification and characterization
mencakup areal seluas 3.866 ha di Keca- of SPRF covering an area of 3,866 ha in
matan Cilincing DKI Jakarta dan Desa Cilincing subdistrict of DKI Jakarta and
Rorotan seluas 1.064 ha, merupakan desa Rorotan village with an area of 1,064 ha,
Laboratorium Agribisnis. Komoditas ung- is an Agribusiness Laboratory Village. The
main commodities are paddy rice,
gulannya adalah padi sawah, kangkung,
kangkung, and livestock (Titok). The main
dan ternak (Titok). Lahan umumnya be- areas in form of swamp areas are
rupa rawa yang terkena pasang surut indirectly affected by the tide; therefore,
tidak langsung, sehingga pada musim during the rainy season the land is
hujan lahan tergenang dan pada musim flooded and in the dry season it is affec-
kemarau terpengaruh air laut. Usaha me- ted by sea water. The effort to increase
ningkatkan produksi dan indeks perta- the production and cropping index was
naman diupayakan melalui perbaikan pola conducted through the improvement of
dan jadwal tanam serta pengelolaan air. cropping pattern and schedule, and water
management.
3. Lahan Pasang Surut (LPS) 3. Tidal Land (TL)
Identifikasi dan karakterisasi LPS Identification and characterization
dilakukan di dua lokasi, yaitu: 1) Lamunti of TL was conducted in two locations,
dengan luas areal 11.843 ha dan UPT C2 namely: 1) Lamunti with an area of 11,843
(Desa Sakata Bangun) seluas 1.322 ha, ha and UPT C2 (Desa Sakata Bangun) with
merupakan desa Laboratorium Agribisnis an area of 1,322 ha, is an Agribusiness La-
dengan komoditas unggulan berupa karet, boratory Village with main commodities
hortikultura, dan ternak; 2) Dadahup such as rubber, horticulture, and live-
dengan luas areal 6.856 ha dan UPT A2 stock; 2) Dadahup with an area of 6,856
(Desa Petak Batuah) seluas 1.267 ha, ha and UPT A2 (Desa Petak Batuah) with
an area of 1,267 ha, will be made as an
akan dijadikan desa Laboratorium Agri-
Agribusiness Laboratory Village with main
bisnis dengan komoditas unggulan berupa commodities such as rice paddy, orange
padi sawah, jeruk, dan ternak. and animal husbandry.
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Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
4. Lahan Kering Dataran Rendah Iklim 4. Dry Lowland with Dry Climate (DRDC)
Kering (LKDRIK)
Identification and characterization
Identifikasi dan karakterisasi of DRDC, covering an area of 8,394 ha in
LKDRIK mencakup areal seluas 8.394 ha di Semin subdistrict of DI Yogyakarta and
Kecamatan Semin DI Yogyakarta dan Desa Semin village with an area of 1,398 ha, is
Semin seluas 1.398 ha, merupakan desa an Agribusiness Laboratory Village with
Laboratorium Agribisnis. Komoditas ung- main commodities corn, peanut, and
gulan berupa jagung, kacang tanah, dan cashew nut. The land has been optimally
jambu mete. Lahan telah dimanfaatkan utilized by the people by using soil
oleh masyarakat secara maksimal, dengan consevation technique like bench terrace
menerapkan teknik konservasi tanah (teras bangku) and ridge
seperti teras bangku dan terrace (teras gulud).
teras gulud. Tingkat The sloping degree of
kelerengan lahan di desa land in the Agribusiness
Laboratorium Agribisnis Laboratory Village varies
cukup bervariasi, sehing- greatly, so that it re-
ga perlu sentuhan teknik quires conservation tech-
konservasi. Permasalahan nique. The main problem
utama Prima Tani di of Prima Tani in Semin is
Semin adalah air, se- water; therefore, the
hingga pemilihan tanam- plant selection and the
an dan efisiensi penggu- efficient use of water is
naan air merupakan hal very essential. For that,
yang harus dilakukan. cover crop, water-eco-
Untuk itu cover crop, sis- nomical agricultural sys-
tem pertanian hemat air,
tem, and the building of
pembuatan ”cek dam”
check dam to increase a
untuk peningkatan indeks
cropping index is the
pertanaman merupakan
main input.
masukan utama.
Relief Desa Semin
Relief of Semin Village
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Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
5. Lahan Kering Dataran Rendah Iklim 5. Dry Lowland with Wet Climate (DLWC)
Basah (LKDRIB)
Identification and characterization
Identifikasi dan karakterisasi of DLWC was conducted in five locations,
LKDRIB telah dilakukan di lima lokasi, namely: 1) Air Periukan, covering an area
yaitu: 1) Air Periukan mencakup areal of 14,102 ha and Talang Benuang village
seluas 14.102 ha dan Desa Talang of 1,102 ha, is an Agribusiness Laboratory
Benuang seluas 1.102 ha, merupakan desa Village with main commodities rubber,
Laboratorium Agribisnis dengan komoditas horticulture, and livestock (cow); 2)
unggulan karet, hortikultura, ternak Mestong, covering an area of 39,085 ha
(sapi); 2) Mestong mencakup areal seluas and Sebapo village of 6,379 ha, is also an
39.085 ha dan Desa Sebapo seluas 6.379 Agribusiness Laboratory Village with main
ha, juga desa Laboratorium Agribisnis de- commodities rubber, empon-empon
ngan komoditas unggulan karet, empon- (ginger, galingale), corn, and long bean;
empon (jahe, kencur), jagung, kacang 3) Sangkulirang, covering an area of
panjang; 3) Sangkulirang mencakup areal 24,624 ha and Krayaan village of 11,919
seluas 24.624 ha dan Desa Krayaan seluas ha, is an Agribusiness Laboratory Village
11.919 ha, desa Laboratorium Agribisnis with main commodities cocoa, peanut,
dengan komoditas unggulan berupa kakao, and animal husbandry; 4) Sinonsayang,
kacang tanah, dan ternak; 4) Sinonsayang covering an area of 9,678 ha and Ongko
mencakup areal seluas 9.678 ha dan Desa Satu and Ongko Dua villages of 2,599 ha,
Ongko Satu dan Ongko Dua seluas 2.599 is an Agribusiness Laboratory Village with
ha, merupakan desa Laboratorium Agri- prime commodities coconut, corn, rice
bisnis dengan komoditas unggulan kelapa, paddy, and cloves; 5) Lambandia, covering
jagung, padi sawah, dan cengkeh; 5) an area of 19,376 ha and Lambandia
Lambandia mencakup areal seluas 19.376 village of 2,500 ha, is Agribusiness Labo-
ha dan Desa Lambandia seluas 2.500 ha, ratory Village with main commodities
desa Laboratorium Agribisnis dengan cocoa, banana, and livestock.
komoditas unggulan kakao, pisang, dan
In Air Periuk, there are areas as
ternak.
lowland and upland. The lowland is domi-
Di Air Periukan terdapat lahan nated by peat soil which is flooded when
bawahan (lowland) dan atasan (upland). the rain comes, so that it is necessary to
Lahan bawahan didominasi oleh tanah have water management to be able to
gambut yang tergenang apabila hujan, utilize the land optimally. The upland is
sehingga perlu pengelolaan air agar lahan actually mineral soil which has developed
dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Lahan further (Ultisols), in accordance with the
atasan merupakan tanah mineral yang development of rubber.
telah berkembang lanjut (Ultisols), sesuai
untuk pengembangan karet. Mestong area is dominated by up-
land with a rather flat until rolling relief
Daerah Mestong didominasi oleh
(the slope 1-15%). The parent material of
lahan atasan dengan relief agak datar
soil is dominated by tuffaceous claystone
sampai bergelombang (lereng 1-15%).
and sandstone in tertiary age, mineral
Bahan induk tanah didominasi oleh batu-
reserves, and low soil fertility. To increase
liat dan batupasir tufaan yang berumur
land productivity, organic material intake
Tersier, cadangan mineral, dan tingkat
and fertilization should be applied.
kesuburan rendah. Untuk meningkatkan
produktivitas lahan diperlukan masukan
bahan organik dan pemupukan.
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Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
20
Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
6. Lahan Kering Dataran Tinggi Iklim 6. Dry Upland with Wet Climate (DUWC)
Basah (LKDTIB)
Identification and characterization
Identifikasi dan karakterisasi LKDTIB of DUWC covers an area of 18,585 ha in
mencakup areal seluas 18.585 ha di Keca- Bukit Nad subdistrict and 105 ha in Kute
matan Bukit Nad dan 105 ha di Kute Tanyung. The main commodities are
Tanyung, merupakan desa Laboratorium potato, coffee, and cabbage. The soil
Agribisnis. Komoditas unggulan adalah develops from volcanic material (Andi-
kentang, kopi, dan kol. Tanah berkem- sols) with high fixation of phosphate. The
bang dari bahan volkan (Andisols) yang agricultural area at the Agribusiness
mempunyai fiksasi fosfat tinggi. Areal Laboratory village is dominated by rice
pertanian di desa Laboratorium Agribisnis fields with a cropping pattern of paddy-
didominasi oleh sawah dengan pola tanam potato/vegetable. The constraints in
padi-kentang/sayuran. Kendala pengem- developing potato is the drainage for flat
bangan kentang adalah drainase untuk land (slope <1%). To overcome this
lahan yang datar (lereng <1%). Untuk problem, it is necessary to build furrow,
mengatasi kendala drainase perlu dibuat while to overcome high phosphate fixa-
guludan, sedangkan untuk mengatasi fik- tion it is necessary to give organic mate-
sasi fosfat yang tinggi diperlukan pem- rial and phosphate fertilization. Organic
berian bahan organik dan pemupukan agriculture is potential to develop in Kute
fosfat. Pertanian organik cukup ber- Tanyung. Organic material can be
peluang dikembangkan di Kute Tanyung. obtained by utilizing the plant remains
Bahan organik dapat diperoleh dengan for compost.
memanfaatkan sisa tanaman untuk dibuat
In 2007, 168 locations of Prima Tani
kompos.
were evaluated, 60 of which were loca-
Pada tahun 2007 dievaluasi pula ted in West Sumatra, Bengkulu, Lampung,
168 lokasi Prima Tani, 60 lokasi diantara- Bangka Belitung, Banten, West Java, Cen-
nya di Sumatera Barat, Bengkulu, Lam- tral Java, DI Yogyakarta, East Kalimantan,
pung, Bangka Belitung, Banten, Jawa Bali, Papua, Gorontalo, and West Irian
Barat, Jawa Tengah, DI Yogyakarta, Jaya.
Kalimantan Timur, Bali, Papua, Gorontalo,
dan Irian Jaya Barat. e. Land Resource Potentials in the
Boundary Region
e. Potensi Sumberdaya Lahan Wilayah
Perbatasan Agricultural development at the
border of West Kalimantan and Serawak
Di satu sisi, pembangunan pertanian Malaysia bring a positive impact to the
di wilayah perbatasan Kalimantan Barat marketing of agricultural products. How-
dengan Serawak Malaysia berdampak po- ever, it can become a threat for the
sitif bagi pemasaran produksi pertanian. Unity of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI).
Di sisi lain, hal ini menjadi ancaman bagi Therefore, the border region must be
Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. developed as center for agricultural pro-
Karena itu, wilayah perbatasan harus duction and industry.
dikembangkan menjadi sentra produksi
pertanian dan industri.
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2. Penggunaan lahan saat ini terdiri 2. The existing use of land consists of
rice field, non-irrigated rice field
atas sawah, ladang, kebun campuran
(ladang), mixed tree crops (rubber,
(karet, lada, kakao), kebun karet, pepper, cocoa), rubber plantation,
kelapa sawit, semak belukar, dan oil palm plantation, bushes, and
hutan sekunder. Kebun campuran dan secondary forest. Mixed tree crop
semak belukar sekitar 60% dari daerah plantation and bushes cover 60% of
penelitian. the research area.
3. Daerah penelitian potensial untuk 3. The research area is potential for the
pengembangan tanaman pangan (se- development of food crops (around
20%) and plantation (around 70%).
kitar 20%) dan tanaman perkebunan
With a good pattern of management,
(sekitar 70%). Dengan pola pengelola- the slop and ridge can be used for
an yang baik, daerah lereng sampai plantation and the flat valley for
punggungan dapat digunakan untuk food crops.
tanaman perkebunan dan bagian 4. The biophysical constraints of the re-
lembah-datar untuk tanaman pangan. search area are the low-medium soil
4. Kendala biofisik di daerah penelitian fertility and poor soil characteristics,
especially porosity and infiltration
adalah kesuburan tanah rendah-
which are very low, steep slope of
sedang, dan sifat fisik tanah jelek, the hilly area so that soil erodibility
terutama porositas dan infiltrasi yang potential is high.
sangat rendah, lereng terjal pada
5. The land use is directed towards the
daerah berbukit, sehingga potensi development of intensification and
erodibilitas tanah sangat tinggi. extensification, which will be
5. Penggunaan lahan diarahkan pada followed up by Indonesian Rubber
Research Institute, Indonesian Oil
pengembangan intensifikasi dan eks-
Palm Research Institute, and
tensifikasi, yang akan ditindaklanjuti Indonesian Cocoa Research Institute
oleh Pusat Penelitian Karet, Sawit, under Indonesian Research Institute
dan Kakao di bawah koordinasi Lem- for Estate Crops (LRPI) coordination,
baga Riset Perkebunan Indonesia or private institutions.
(LRPI), atau oleh swasta.
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2. GeoSPLaSH 2. GeoSPLaSH
GeoSPLaSH adalah suatu program GeoSPLaSH is a computer program
komputer yang dirancang sedemikian rupa that is specially designed as further deve-
dan merupakan pengembangan dari pro- lopment of the SPLaSH program using
gram SPLaSH menggunakan model CALSITE
model of CALSITE (CALibrated SImulation
(CALibrated SImulation of Transported
Erosion). of Transported Erosion).
Manfaat: untuk merancang dan Benefit: to design and manage wa-
mengelola suatu kawasan DAS berdasarkan tershed based on erosion and sedimenta-
tingkat erosi dan sedimentasi, sehingga tion so that land degradation can be
kerusakan lahan dapat dihindarkan dan avoided and sustainable land use can be
penggunaan lahan dapat lestari. maintaine.
Keunggulan: 1) program dirancang
Special quality: 1) this program is
untuk menduga erosi dan sedimentasi
pada DAS, 2) pemilihan teknik konservasi designed to estimate erosion and sedi-
tanah dan air yang direkomendasikan mentation on DAS, 2) the selection of the
mempertimbangkan Tolerable Soil Loss conservation technique of soil and water
(TSL), sedimentasi, dan aspect Digital is recommended by considering Tolerable
Elevation Model (DEM), 3) paket program Soil Loss (TSL), sedimentation, and the
yang mudah bagi pengguna. aspect of digital elevation model (DEM),
Status: masih dalam tahap pengu- and 3) the program package is user
jian. friendly.
Status: in the testing process.
3. Perangkat Uji Tanah dan Hara
a. Perangkat Uji Tanah Sawah (PUTS)
3. Nutrient and Soil Test Kit
Perangkat Uji Tanah Sawah dibuat
untuk medukung Permentan No. 40/SR. a. Soil Test Kit for Paddy (STKP)
140/04/2007 tentang Rekomendasi Pemu- Soil Test Kit for paddy rice field
pukan N, P, dan K pada Padi Sawah Spesi-
fik Lokasi sebagai acuan pemupukan ber- was made to support Ministrial Regulation
imbang. No. 40/SR.140/04/2007 concerning Ferti-
lization Recommendation of N, P, and K
PUTS: Alat bantu analisis kadar
hara tanah N,P,K, dan pH tanah sawah, on rice field of specific location aiming at
dapat digunakan di lapangan dengan ce- balanced fertilization.
pat, mudah, dan murah dengan hasil yang STKP: A tool for analyzing soil
akurat.
nutrients of N, P, K and pH of rice field
soil, that can be used in the field quickly,
easily, accurately and cheaply.
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b. Perangkat Uji Tanah Kering (PUTK) b. Soil Test Kit for Upland (STKU)
Perangkat Uji Tanah Kering digu- Soil Test Kit for Upland Soils is used
nakan sebagai dasar penentuan rekomen- as a basis for determining a fertilization
dasi pemupukan spesifik lokasi pada lahan recommendation, particularly on the dry
kering dengan tujuan meningkatkan efi- land, to increase the efficiency of ferti-
siensi penggunaan pupuk dan produksi lizer use and crop production.
tanaman STKU: is an instrument to analyze
PUTK: suatu alat untuk meng- soil nutrient content of P, K, C-organic,
analisis kadar hara tanah P, K, C-organik, pH, and the lime requirement on dry land.
pH, dan kebutuhan kapur pada lahan This instrument can be used quickly,
kering. Penggunaan alat ini dapat dengan easily, cheaply with an accurate result for
cepat, mudah, murah dengan hasil yang corn, soybean and upland rice fertili-
cukup akurat untuk tanaman jagung, zation.
kedelai, dan padi gogo. Benefits: 1) to measure the
Manfaat: 1) mengukur status hara nutrient status of P, K, C-organic content,
P, K, kadar C-organik, dan pH tanah lahan and pH of dry land soil; 2) As a basis for
kering; 2) dasar rekomendasi pupuk P, K, the more efficient fertilization recommen-
bahan organik, dan kapur untuk tanaman dation P, K, organic material, and lime
jagung, kedelai, dan padi gogo secara le- for crops as corn, soybean and upland rice;
bih efisien; dan 3) menghemat pengguna- and 3) to economize the use of fertilizer
and to avoid environmental pollution.
an pupuk dan menghindari pencemaran
lingkungan. Working principle: 1) extracting
available P and K nutrients in the soil; 2)
Prinsip kerja: 1) mengekstrak hara
measuring the available nutrients using a
P, K tersedia dalam tanah; 2) mengukur
color chart; 3) determining the rate of the
hara tersedia dengan bagan warna; 3)
recommended fertilizer and soil amende-
menentukan dosis rekomendasi pupuk dan
ments for crops as corn, soybean and up-
amelioran untuk tanaman jagung, kede- land rice.
lai, dan padi gogo.
Status: has been registered to
Status: Telah didaftarkan untuk obtain a trademark.
memperoleh merk dagang.
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e. Perangkat Uji Tanah Kering untuk e. Soil Test Kit for Sugarcane (STKS)
Tebu (PUT) This product is the result of a coo-
Produk ini merupakan hasil kerja- peration between Indonesian Soil Research
sama Balai Penelitian Tanah dengan Institute and Directorate General of Estate
Ditjen Perkebunan dalam pengembangan Crops in developing an instrument which
perangkat yang dapat memberikan reko- can give a recommended fertilizer need
mendasi kebutuhan pupuk untuk tanaman for sugarcane crop quickly in the field.
tebu secara cepat di lapangan.
STKS: An instrument for soil test
PUT: merupakan perangkat uji for sugarcane crop.
tanah untuk kebutuhan pupuk pada
Benefit: A soil test instrument can
tanaman tebu.
work quickly in the field to determine
Manfaat: Alat uji tanah secara such elements as P, K, pH, and the lime
cepat di lapangan untuk penetapan unsur requirement.
P, K, pH, dan kebutuhan kapur.
Special quality: It can determine
Keunggulan: Dapat menentukan the recommended need for fertilizer P
rekomendasi kebutuhan pupuk P dan K, and K, and the lime requirement for
serta kebutuhan kapur untuk tanaman sugarcane crop.
tebu.
Dissemination: still in the testing
Diseminasi: Masih dalam tahap stage.
pengujian.
4. BETA
4. BETA BETA: The formula of soil condi-
BETA: Formula pembenah tanah tioner which consists of a combination of
yang terbuat dari kombinasi pupuk kan- manure, zeolite, and skim latex with a
dang, zeolit, dan skim lateks dengan nis- ratio of 89:10:1, called PSF-1 (improver
bah 89:10:1, diberi nama PSF-1 (pembaik of physical characteristic of soil-1). It is
sifat fisik tanah-1). Dibuat dalam bentuk made in form of prill (fine grains) and
prill (butir halus) dan fine powder.
serbuk halus. Benefits: Improving
Manfaat: Memper- soil structure and increa-
baiki struktur tanah, me- sing C-organic soil, soil
ningkatkan C-organik ta- Cation Exchangeable Ca-
nah, meningkatkan KTK pacity (KTK), and nutrient
tanah, dan sumber hara resource for plants.
bagi tanaman
Special quality:
Keunggulan: Da- Able to increase the
pat meningkatkan bobot weight of fresh corn cob
tongkol jagung basah >70% and dry corn grains
>70% dan jagung pipilan >85%.
kering >85%.
Status: proposed
Status: Diusulkan to be launched.
untuk diluncurkan.
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b. Nodulin b. Nodulin
Nodulin: Inokulan bintil akar plus Nodulin: Inoculant of root nodula
untuk tanaman kacang-kacangan, me- plus for peanut crop, containing Rhizo-
ngandung Rhizobium sp., Azospirilum, bium sp., Azospirilum, and Bacillus sp.
dan Bacillus sp.
Benefits: 1) Nodulin contains phos-
Manfaat: 1) mengandung bakteri phate solubilizing bacteria which provides
pelarut fosfat yang berfungsi menyedia- P and K for plants and growth-trigerring
kan P dan K bagi tanaman dan rizobak- rhizhobacteria, so that fertilizer N can be
teria pemacu tumbuh tanaman, sehingga
economized on until 100%, and fertilizer
dapat menghemat pupuk N hingga 100%,
dan pupuk P dan K dapat dihemat hingga P and K can be decreased in its use until
50%, 2) merupakan mixed microbial ferti- 50%, 2) Nodulin is an Indonesian mixed
lizer asal rizosfer Indonesia. microbial fertilizer from rhizhospher.
Keunggulan: Nodulin diproses de- Special quality: Nodulin is pro-
ngan teknologi pengendalian mutu yang cessed with a tight quality control tech-
ketat sehingga menjamin keunggulan pro- nology to ensure the quality of the pro-
duk, dan didistribusi dengan sistem ter- duct, and distributed with an integrated
padu agar mutu tetap terjamin unggul di system so that the quality can be main-
lapangan/petani. tained until it reaches farmers.
Diseminasi: Bekerjasama dengan Dissemination: In cooperation with
pihak ketiga. the third party.
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c. BioNutrient c. BioNutrient
BioNutrient: merupakan inokulan BioNutrient: an inoculant that im-
penyubur tanah dan penyedia hara, untuk proves soil fertile and provides nutrients
tanaman pangan, hortikultura, dan per- for food, horticultural, and estate crops.
kebunan. Benefit: to increase the activity of
Manfaat: meningkatkan aktivitas microbes in the soil, soil fertility and soil
mikroba dalam tanah, kesuburan dan ke- health improvement to support the
sehatan tanah mendukung produktivitas sustainable soil productivity.
tanah yang berkelanjutan Special quality: 1) BioNPK (biolo-
Keunggulan: 1) BioNPK (biological gical nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fer-
nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer) tilizer) contains N2-fixing bacteria, phos-
mengandung bakteri penambat N2, pelarut phate (P) solubilizer and K provider, and
P dan penyedia K, serta penghasil auksin produces auxin that stimulates plant
pemacu tumbuh untuk memperkuat dan growth at the same time strengthens by
memperbanyak perakaran; 2) meningkat- improved rooting system; 2) to increase
kan efisiensi pemupukan N, P, dan K pada the efficiency of fertilization N, P, and K
tanaman pangan hingga 50% dari dosis on food crops until 50% of the recommen-
rekomendasi; 3) dapat digunakan untuk ded rate; 3) can be used to improve the
meningkatkan kualitas pupuk organik; dan quality of organic fertilizer; and 4) pro-
4) diproses dengan teknologi maju melalui cessed with a high technology using
teknik aseptis mutakhir dan sistem modern aseptic technique and quality
pengendalian mutu yang menjamin keung- control which ensure the superior quality
gulan produk sampai di tingkat pengguna. until the end-users.
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e. Tithoganic e. Tithoganic
Tithoganic adalah pupuk organik Tithoganic is an organic fertilizer
yang diperkaya dengan bahan hijauan enriched with greenery material of Titho-
Tithonia diversifolia yang mempunyai nia diversifolia containing the high nu-
kadar hara N, P, dan K tinggi, serta bahan trients of N, P, and K, natural phosphate/
mineral fosfat alam/dolomit yang me- dolomite which is natural substance con-
rupakan bahan alami mengandung hara taining both macro nutrient and micro
makro dan mikro. nutrient.
Manfaat: 1) meningkatkan kadar Benefit: 1) to increase the nutrient
hara dan kualitas pupuk organik, 2) mem- content and the quality of organic fertili-
percepat proses pengomposan, dan 3) zer, 2) to accelerate the composting pro-
bersifat slow release (lambat urai) mengu- cess, and 3) to have the characteristic of
rangi dosis aplikasi. slow release that reduce the
Keunggulan: Mampu rate of application.
mengefisienkan dosis pupuk Special quality: Able
organik sampai 50% dengan to minimize the rate of or-
efek yang sama dan mengu- ganic fertilizer by 50% to
rangi penggunaan pupuk an- have the same effect and to
organik 30% reduce the use of organic
fertilizer by 30%.
6. Tanah Sawah dan Teknologi 6. Paddy Soil and Its Management
Pengelolaannya Technology
Sawah merupakan salah satu ben-
Paddy rice field is one form of the
tuk penggunaan lahan yang sangat strate-
strategic land uses as the main areas pro-
gis karena merupakan sumberdaya utama
untuk memproduksi padi/beras, yang me- ducing rice, the staple food in Indonesia.
rupakan pangan pokok utama di Indone- There has been no reference in the
sia. Sejauh ini belum ada referensi Bahasa Indonesia that comprehensively
berbahasa Indonesia yang secara kom- discusses the genesis, chemical charac-
prehensif membahas genesis, sifat kimia, teristic, physical characteristic and bio-
fisika, dan biologi serta pe- logical characteristic and soil manage-
ngelolaan tanah sawah, pa- ment which is very essential
dahal referensi tersebut in rice field soil manage-
sangat diperlukan dalam pe- ment. Therefore, this book is
ngelolaan tanah sawah. Oleh very useful for those who
karena itu, buku ini sangat need information concerning
berguna bagi pihak yang rice field soil and its mana-
memerlukan informasi ten- gement technology, including
tang tanah sawah dan tekno- environmental aspect and
logi pengelolaannya, terma- the mutifunctionality of rice
suk aspek lingkungan dan field. Thickness: xii + 328
multifungsi sawah. Tebal: xii pages, size: 17 cm x 24 cm,
+ 328 halaman, ukuran: 17 2004.
cm x 24 cm, tahun 2004.
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10. Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Metode 10. Physical Characteristics of Soils and
Analisisnya the Analysis Method
Ketepatan rekomendasi pengelola- The accuracy of the recommended
an lahan ditentukan oleh beberapa tahap- land management is determined by a
an penelitian, seperti sebaran pengamat- number of research stages such as obser-
an, cara pengambilan contoh, pengang- vation distribution, soil sampling method,
kutan, penyimpanan, analisis di laborato- transport, storing, laboratory analysis,
rium hingga interpretasi dan pengolahan data interpretation and data processing.
data. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan buku Therefore, a book discussing the analysis
pedoman yang membahas tentang tahap- stages of soil physical characteristics is
an analisis sifat fisik tanah. urgently needed.
Buku ini menerangkan berbagai This book explains various ways
cara dan tahapan dalam penetapan ber- and stages in determining a number of soil
bagai sifat fisik tanah, dan diharapkan physical characteristics, and expected to
bermanfaat bagi para teknisi, mahasiswa, be useful for technicians, students, and
maupun peminat ilmu tanah. Tebal: iv + those who are interested in soil science.
282 halaman, ukuran: 17 cm x 24,5 cm, Thickness: iv + 282 pages, size: 17 cm x
tahun 2006. 24.5 cm, 2006.
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11. Petunjuk Teknis Analisis Kimia 11. Technical Guidance for Soil, Plant,
Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk Water, and Fertilizer Chemical
Analysis
Laboratorium kimia tanah merupa-
kan bagian dari laboratorium tanah. Balai Chemistry laboratory is part of soil
Penelitian Tanah memiliki berbagai labo- laboratory. Indonesian Soil Research Ins-
ratorium, termasuk laboratorium tanah, titute owns many kinds of laboratories,
laboratorium biologi, laboratorium pene- including soil laboratory, Biology labora-
litian, laboratorium fisika, dan laborato- tory, research laboratory, physics labora-
rium mineral. Laboratorium tanah telah tory, and mineral laboratory. Soil labora-
terakreditasi oleh Komite Akreditasi tory has been accredited by National
Nasional, Badan Standardisasi Nasional, Accreditation Committee, National Stan-
sebagai laboratorium penguji mulai tahun
dardization Agency, as testing laboratory
2004 dengan akreditasi No. LP-192-IDN.
from 2004 with accreditation No. LP-
Analisis di Laboratorium Kimia tanah
terdiri atas analisis tanah, jaringan ta- 192IDN. Analysis in soil chemistry labora-
naman, air irigasi, dan pupuk. Buku ini tory consits of soil analysis, plan tissue,
dapat membantu peneliti, mahasiswa, irrigation water, and fertilizer. This book
dan pihak lain yang berkepentingan can help researchers, students, and
dengan teknis analisis kimia tanah, others who interested in the technical
tanaman, air, dan pupuk. Tebal: v + 136 analysis of soil chemistry, plant, water
halaman, ukuran: 16 cm x 24 cm, tahun and fertilizer. Thickness: v + 136 page,
2005. size: 16 cm x 24 cm, 2005.
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12. Petunjuk Teknis Pengamatan Tanah 12. Technical Guidance for Soil Profile
Observation
Salah satu komponen penting untuk
mendukung keberhasilan program pem- One important component to sen-
bangunan pertanian berkelanjutan adalah sure the accomplishment of sustainable
tersedianya data dan informasi sumber agricultural development program is the
daya tanah/lahan. Data tersebut dapat availibility of data and information on
diperoleh melalui kegiatan survei dan soil/land resources. The data can be
pemetaan sumber daya tanah. Buku Pe- obtained through survey activities and
tunjuk Teknis Pengamatan Tanah ini the mapping of soil resources. The book
disusun mengikuti kaidah-kaidah yang was written accordingly to established
baku, baik secara nasional maupun inter-
rules, both nationally and internationally,
nasional, terutama mengacu kepada Buku
particularly referring to The Guide Book
Panduan Survei Tanah (Pusat Penelitian
Tanah dan Agroklimat, 1994). Diharapkan of Soil Survey (Center for Soil and Agro-
buku ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh semua climate Research, 1994). This book is
pihak yang berkepentingan dalam pem- expected to be useful for those who are
bangunan pertanian, khususnya dalam ke- involved in agricultural development,
giatan survei dan pemetaan sumberdaya especially in the survey activity and the
tanah. Tebal: v + 117 halaman, ukuran: mapping of soil resources. Thickness: v +
14,5 cm x 21 cm, tahun 2004. 117 pages, size: 14.5 cm x 21 cm, 2004.
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13. Metode Analisis Biologi Tanah 13. Method of Soil Biology Analysis
Peran biologi tanah dalam me- The role of soil biology in increa-
ningkatkan produktivitas lahan menjadi sing land productivity is increasingly im-
semakin penting dengan semakin luasnya portant as increasing size of mismanaged
lahan pertanian yang salah kelola dan agricultural land and the limited avail-
terbatasnya sumber daya pupuk anorga- ability of organic fertilizer resources.
Various types of soil microbes and soil
nik. Berbagai jenis mikroba dan fauna
fauna have been known to have the
tanah telah diketahui berpotensi sebagai
potential for biological fertilizer. A
pupuk hayati. Berbagai atribut biologi
number of soil biology attributes begin to
tanah mulai digunakan sebagai indikator be used as quality indicator and soil
kualitas dan kesehatan tanah. Buku ini health. This book is a guidance of soil
merupakan penuntun analisis biologi tanah biology analysis which was published by
yang diterbitkan oleh Balai Besar Litbang Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land
Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Di dalam Resources Research and Development. In
buku ini dijelaskan prosedur analisis this book, analysis procedure of different
berbagai jenis dan atribut biologi tanah. types and soil biology attributes are well
Tebal: xii + 328 halaman, ukuran: 17 cm x explained. Thickness: xii + 328 pages,
24 cm, tahun 2004. size: 17 cm x 24 cm, 2004.
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15. Teknik Konservasi Tanah untuk 15. Soil Conservation Technique for
Lahan Usahatani Berbasis Tanaman Vegetable Crop-Based Farming
Sayuran
Vegetable crops are commonly
Tanaman sayuran umumnya diusa- planted on highlands, because the simila-
hakan di dataran tinggi, karena iklim di rity of the climate with subtropical region.
daerah ini sesuai untuk pengembangan The highland area generally has steep
berbagai jenis sayuran. Lahan di dataran slopes that prone to erosion. Vegetables
tinggi umumnya berlereng relatif curam
farmeris seldom pay attention to the
sehingga potensi bahaya erosi menjadi
tinggi. Usahatani sayuran seringkali tidak application appropriate soil conservation
disertai dengan penerapan teknik konser- technique. This book presents the
vasi tanah yang memadai. Buku ini research results on soil conservation tech-
memuat hasil penelitian tentang teknik nique for vegetable-based farming on
konservasi tanah untuk usahatani ber- highlands. Thickness: 6 pages, size: 15
basis sayuran di dataran tinggi. Tebal 6 cm x 21 cm, 2007.
halaman, ukuran 15 cm x 21 cm, tahun
2007.
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Kondisi air pada lahan sawah me- Water condition of rice fields de-
nentukan besarnya gas metana yang lepas termines the methane released into the
ke atmosfer. Varietas unggul padi yang atmosphere. A prime paddy variety that
berpotensi tinggi menurunkan emisi gas is potential to decrease methane emission
metana adalah IR-64, Way Apoburu, is IR-64, Way Apoburu, Tukad Balian,
Tukad Balian, Tukad Petanu, Ciherang, Tukad Petanu, Ciherang, Cisantana, and
Cisantana, dan Fatmawati. Potensi penu- Fatmawati. The potential decrease in
runan emisi gas metana pada varietas methane emission of those varieties,
tersebut masing-masing 10-60, 37-44, 53, respectively 10-60, 37-44, 53, 35, 30-38,
35, 30-38, 46, dan 21%. Di antara ketujuh 46, and 21%. Among the seven varieties,
varietas tersebut, Way Apoburu relatif
Way Apoburu has relatively low consis-
konsisten rendah melepaskan gas metana
tency in releasing methane to the atmos-
ke atmosfer baik pada ekosistem sawah
phere both in irrigated rice field ecosys-
irigasi maupun tadah hujan.
tem and rainfed rice field.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan
emisi gas metana dapat ditekan dengan The research result showed that
penanaman varietas Way Apoburu. Gas methane emission can be mininized by
metana merupakan gas rumah kaca (GRK) planting Way Apoburu variety. The wide
yang memiliki kemampuan menyerap use of these varieties provides opportuni-
panas radiasi matahari 23 kali lebih tinggi ty in getting compensation fund through
dari CO2. Penggunaan varietas ini secara carbon trade ss stated in Kyoto Protocol.
luas memberi peluang untuk mendapat-
kan dana kompensasi penurunan GRK 2. Remediation Technology (Carbon
melalui perdagangan karbon yang diatur Urea) on Agricultural Land
dalam Protokol Kyoto.
Lands planted with shallot are con-
taminated by pesticide residue. For
2. Teknologi Remediasi (Urea
remediation an experiment was conducted
Berkarbon) pada Lahan Pertanian
using treatments of different combina-
Remediasi lahan dan tanaman tions of urea briquette and carbon active
bawang merah akibat residu pestisida di- which function as N slow released fertili-
lakukan dengan menggunakan perlakuan zer. The effectivity test on carbon actived
dari berbagai kombinasi bahan urea urea briquette included application of
briket dan karbon aktif, yang berfungsi insecticide chlorpyrifos, propenofos, and
pula sebagai pupuk N lambat urai (slow carbofuran with a concentration of 10 ppm
release). Perlakuan pengujian efektivitas or 5 ppm each plot, and application of
urea briket-karbon aktif meliputi aplikasi carbon actived briquet urea, namely 100%:
insektisida klorpirifos, propenofos, dan 100%, 75%-25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%, and
karbofuran dengan konsentrasi 10 ppm 100%-0% as control (Table 4).
atau 5 ppm setiap petaknya, dan aplikasi
dari urea briket-karbon aktif yaitu 100%:
100%, 75%-25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%, dan
100%-0% sebagai kontrol (Tabel 4).
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Tabel 5. Konsentrasi nitrat tertinggi dalam air sawah, air saluran, dan air sumur
penduduk di kawasan lahan sawah irigasi di Jawa Tengah
Table 5. The highest nitrate concentration in the ground water of wetland rice
field, drained/surface water, and well water of the people around
irrigated rice field in Central Java
Konsentrasi NO3-
Concentration of NO3-
Kabupaten Kecamatan Air saluran/air permukaan
Regency Sub district Air tanah sawah
sawah Air sumur
Ground water of
Drained water/surface water Well water
paddy rice field
of paddy rice field
........................... ppm ...........................
1. Grobogan Brati 3,970 0,561 0,471
Godong 0,226 0,205 0,142
2. Demak Wanasalam 0,671 0,835 0,402
3. Sragen Sidoarjo 1,331 0,548 0,363
Masaran 0,436 0,170 3,141
4. Klaten Karangdowo 0,614 0,689 0,409
Wonosari 1,654 1,051 1,452
5. Salatiga Tingkir 0,781 0,980 3,788
Sidomukti 2,132 0,918 0,284
Sidorejo 2,717 0,843 3,042
6. Kebumen Kutowinangun 1,664 a) 0,435
Kebumen 2,232 a) 0,740
Prembun 2,333 a) 0,069
7. Brebes Wanasari 2,716 a) b)
8. Tegal Balapulang 3,969 a) 2,314
9. Pemalang Petarukan 3,572 a) 0,662
10. Cilacap Sampang 3,969 a) 2,314
Keterangan: a) tidak ada air saluran/air permukaan pada saat dilakukan survei pengambilan
sampel
b) pengambilan sampel air tidak dilakukan
Note: a) there was no drained/surface water at the time of sampling
b) water sampling was not done
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Keterangan: Notes:
D0 : Digenangi, drainase 2 minggu D0 : Inundated, 2 weeks drained
D1 : Digenangi, drainase 4 minggu D1 : Inundated, 4 weeks drained
T0 : Diairi air irigasi T0 : Irrigated by irrigation water
T1 : Diairi air irigasi + Gipsum T1 : Irrigated by irrigation water + Gypsum
T2 : Diairi air bersih T2 : Irrigated by clean water
T3 : Diairi air bersih + Gipsum T3 : Irrigated by clean water + Gypsum
Teknologi penanggulangan pencemaran tanah sawah akibat limbah bumbu masak MSG
Technology of mitigating paddy rice field contamination caused by MSG waste
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Pada kondisi ini dekomposisi bahan The low pH and anaerobic condi-
organik relatif lambat. Jika lahan akan tion resulting in higher organic matter
dimanfaatkan untuk pertanian maka pH accumulation than decomposition and the
tanah harus di atas 3,5. Oleh karena itu growing peat. Utilizing the land for agri-
dekomposisi bahan organik akan ber- culture requires higher pH than 3.5
langsung dengan cepat dan emisi GRK enhance organic matter decomposition
menjadi lebih tinggi. resulting in higher GHG emission.
Salah satu upaya yang dapat di- One way to minimize GHG emission
lakukan untuk menekan emisi GRK dari from peat is by planting appropriate rice
lahan gambut, adalah menanam varietas varieties. The research showed that Ba-
padi yang tepat. Hasil penelitian menun- tanghari significantly released lower GHG
jukkan bahwa penanaman varietas Ba- emission compared to Punggur, Air Teng-
tanghari nyata dapat menekan emisi GRK gulang, and Banyuasin varieties. The mean
dibanding varietas Punggur, Air Tenggu- emission reduction is about 1,232 kg CO2-
lang, dan Banyuasin. Nilai reduksi setara Ceq/ha/season with no significant diffe-
CO2-C (CO2-Ceq) rata-rata 1.232 kg CO2- rence of rice yield that ranges from 3.3-
Ceq/ha/musim dan tidak ada perbedaan 4.0 t/ha. Batanghari variety was better in
nyata terhadap hasil padi. Produktivitas minimizing GRK emission compared to the
padi dari empat varietas tersebut berkisar other is due to its root oxidizing power.
antara 3,3-4,0 t/ha. Kemampuan yang
lebih baik varietas Batanghari dalam me- Therefore, Batanghari variety is
nekan emisi GRK dibandingkan dengan suitable in the peat area. Besides the low
varietas padi lainnya disebabkan oleh GHG emission this variety is relatively
kemampuan root oxidizing power varietas tolerant of free iron (Fe2+), the main
ini yang juga lebih baik dibandingkan constraint of paddy plants in peat area.
dengan Punggur, Air Tenggulang, dan Batanghari variety is also relatively resis-
Banyuasin. tant to the main disease of paddy plant,
Dengan demikian varietas Batang- as brown spot (brown spots on the sur-
hari cocok dikembangkan di lahan gam- face of a leaf). These spots disturb the
but. Selain emisi GRK rendah, varietas ini process of photosynthesis resulting in less
relatif toleran terhadap keracunan besi grain filling and has strong stem structure
bebas (Fe2+) yang menjadi kendala utama that make it resistant to lodging. Unlike
pertanaman padi di tanah gambut. Varie- other varieties that require higher ferti-
tas Batanghari juga relatif tahan terhadap lizer, Batanghari with a fertilizer rate of
penyakit utama tanaman padi seperti 120 kg N urea, 60 kg P2O5 SP-36, and 60
brown spot dengan ciri bintik-bintik kg K2O KCl per hectare in three applica-
kecoklatan pada permukaan daun. Bintik- tion produced a good yield.
bintik ini mengganggu proses fotosintesis
sehingga pengisian malai tidak maksimal.
Varietas Batanghari memiliki struktur
batang yang kuat sehingga relatif tahan
terhadap lodging. Berbeda dengan varie-
tas padi lainnya yang rakus pupuk,
varietas Batanghari dengan dosis pupuk
120 kg N urea, 60 kg P2O5 SP-36, dan 60
kg K2O KCl per hektar yang diberikan
dalam tiga tahap memberi hasil yang baik
di daerah gambut.
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Lahan tercemar limbah pabrik kertas Pengambilan contoh limbah pabrik kertas
di daerah Kudus, Jawa Tengah The sampling of paper factory waste
The land contaminated by paper
factory waste in Kudus, Central Java
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Contoh air sungai diambil pada titik The water was sampled at 150;
150, 1.000, 10.000, dan 30.000 m dari 1,000; 10,000; and 30,000 m from the
outlet limbah pabrik kertas, contoh air paper factory waste outlet. Sample was
juga diambil dari buangan IPAL dan dua also taken from the disposal and two
titik dari hulu Sungai Wulan dan hulu from uncontaminated water in the
Sungai Gelis, yang tidak terkena aliran upstream of the River Wulan and the
limbah cair pabrik kertas sebagai pem- River Gelis, as comparison.
banding. The research showed that in the
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan air rivers contaminated with paper factory
di beberapa sungai yang tercemar dan waste the water was acid to moderately
tidak tercemar limbah pabrik kertas acid. At the disposal outlet the water pH
was very acid. Heavy metals content in
bereaksi masam sampai agak masam,
the water were Cu (0.01 ppm) at the
kecuali pH air dari pipa pembuangan IPAL
point of 30,000 m from the outlet and Cd
sangat masam. Kandungan logam pada air
(0.01 ppm) from Gelis River. Waste water
sungai terdapat dua titik yaitu logam Cu from waste disposal contained Cu and Cd
(0,01 ppm) di titik 30.000 m dari outlet each 0.01 ppm. While TSS, BOD, and
dan logam Cd (0,01 ppm) pada hulu COD was 231, 183, and 548 mg/l,
Sungai Gelis. Air limbah dari pembuangan respectively. The content of Cd both in
IPAL terdapat kandungan logam Cu dan the river and waste disposal has reached
Cd masing-masing 0,01 ppm, sedangkan maximum limit (PP No. 82, 2001). Similar-
TSS, BOD, dan COD masing-masing 231, ly, the value of TSS, BOD, and COD from
183, dan 548 mg/l. Kandungan logam the waste disposal has exceeded maxi-
berat Cd pada air sungai maupun dari mum limit. Heavy metals, Pb, Cd, and Cu
IPAL sudah masuk nilai batas maksimum in the soil was 15-45; 0.1-1.0; and 43-116
yang ditetapkan (PP No. 82, tahun 2001). ppm, respectively and in rice grain was
Demikian pula nilai TSS, BOD, dan COD 0.24-1.99; 0.04-0.23; and 2.29-7.11 ppm.
dari air pembuangan IPAL sudah melebihi From 40 sites of soil sampling, there were
batas maksimum. Kandungan logam berat 29 sites contained Cu and 16 sites con-
Pb, Cd, dan Cu dalam tanah masing- tained Cd which above the treshold
masing adalah 15-45; 0,1-1,0; dan 43-116 (Ministry of State of Population and Envi-
ppm dan pada gabah 0,24-1,99; 0,04- ronment of Indonesia and Dalhousie Uni-
0,23; dan 2,29-7,11 ppm. Dari 40 titik versity Canada, 1992). However, Pb, Cd,
pengambilan sampel tanah terdapat 29 and Cu content in rice grain were all still
titik kandungan logam Cu dan 16 titik below the treshold (Dirjen POM, 1989).
kandungan logam Cd sudah di atas ambang
batas (Ministry of State of Population and
Environment of Indonesia and Dalhousie
University Canada, 1992). Sedangkan kan-
dungan Logam Pb, Cd, dan Cu dalam
gabah semuanya masih di bawah ambang
batas (Dirjen POM, 1989).
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Tabel 6. Kisaran konsentrasi residu pestisida dalam darah petani di tiga sentra produksi sayuran di Jawa Tengah
Table 6. Ranges of pesticide residue concentration in the blood of farmers in three centers of vegetable production
in Central Java
Sentra produksi Organoklorin Organofosfat
sayuran
Center of vegetable Lindan Aldrin Heptaklor Endosulfan Profenofos Paration Diazinon
production
77
a b
c d
a. Pengambilan sampel darah pada petani di Magelang dan Pati.
b. Beberapa formulasi pestisida yang ditemukan di lapangan.
c. Aplikasi pestisida secara intensif pada sayuran.
d. Tingkat keracunan di tingkat petani berdasarkan uji kolinesterase pada
darah.
a. The taking of blood sample of the farmers in Magelang and in Pati.
b. Several formulations of pesticide found in the field.
c. Intensive application of pesticide to vegetables.
d. The poisoned degree at farmer level based on cholinesterase test in
blood.
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13. Mitigasi Emisi Gas Metana (CH4) 13. Mitigation of Methane Gas (CH4)
pada Lahan Gambut dengan Emission on the Peat Land with
Ameliorasi Amelioration
Lahan pasang surut menjadi tum- Wetlands become the main alter-
puan harapan dalam memasok pangan native to cater national food in compen-
nasional karena makin menciutnya lahan sating the shrinking agricultural land due
potensial di Jawa akibat pesatnya laju to rapid development in Java. ihe wetland
pembangunan. Lahan pasang surut umum- generally dominated by infertile peat and
nya didominasi oleh tanah gambut dan acid sulphate soils (Najiyati et al., 2005).
tanah sulfat masam yang termasuk eko-
sistem marjinal (Najiyati et al., 2005). Peat land has great carbon reserve
in form of plant litters accumulated in
Lahan gambut menyimpan cadang- millenia. Unwise management of peat land
an karbon yang sangat besar berupa
disturbing the balance of ecosystem and
bahan organik yang terakumulasi selama
emitting GHG to the atmosphere. Peat
ribuan tahun. Pengelolaan lahan gambut
yang tidak bijak dapat mengganggu forest fire that difficult to subdue has
keseimbangan ekosistem dan berdampak significantly increased Indonesia’s carbon
terhadap meningkatnya emisi gas rumah emission (C). Peat area generally has low
kaca. Perubahan hutan gambut melalui fertility, poor in nutrients and very low
pembakaran menyebabkan Indonesia di- pH (3-4). The application of amendement
tuding sebagai penyumbang emisi karbon as lime and green manure increase the
(C) terbesar ketiga. Lahan gambut umum- productivity of peat soil. To find amen-
nya memiliki tingkat kesuburan yang dements that can improve productivity of
rendah, miskin unsur hara dengan pH rice and minimize CH4 emission, a re-
tanah yang sangat rendah (3-4). Penam- search was conducted in South Kaliman-
bahan amelioran seperti kapur dan bahan tan. The amendement not only to increase
organik dapat meningkatkan produktivitas soil pH, but also to suply both macro and
tanah gambut. Untuk mendapatkan bahan micro nutrients. The amendement as
amelioran yang dapat meningkatkan dolomite add Ca and Mg in peat soil is
produktivitas padi di lahan gambut dan thought to be able to minimize CH4
menekan emisi CH4, penelitian dilakukan emission due to its oxidation compound.
di Kalimantan Selatan. Kandungan yang
terdapat dalam bahan
amelioran selain dapat
digunakan untuk me-
ningkatkan pH tanah,
juga menambah unsur
hara makro dan mikro.
Bahan amelioran seper-
ti dolomit menambah
unsur Ca dan Mg pada
tanah gambut diduga
dapat menekan emisi
CH4 karena kandungan
senyawa oksidanya. Pengambilan tanah gambut di
Kalimantan Selatan
Peat soil sampling in South
Kalimantan
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14. Emisi Gas Metana pada Berbagai 14. Methane Gas Emisson in Various
Sistem Pengelolaan Tanaman Padi Rice Crop Management Systems
Pengolahan tanah yang kurang Poor soil tillage, low seed quality,
sempurna, kurangnya penggunaan benih inadequate use of fertilizer resulting in
bermutu, rendahnya penggunaan pupuk decreasing soil fertility, the use of similar
oleh petani, penurunan kesuburan tanah, rice veriety without crop rotation, and
penggunaan satu varietas padi tanpa per- the low use of organic manure are the
giliran tanaman, dan kurangnya penggu- constraints in increasing rice production.
naan pupuk organik merupakan masalah
dalam peningkatan produksi padi.
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Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
16. Mitigasi dan Potensi Absorpsi GRK 16. Mitigation and Absorption Potential
pada Lahan Pertanian of Greenhouse Gas/GHG on
Agricultural Land
Pengembangan lahan sawah untuk
mencukupi kebutuhan padi nasional diha- Expansion of agricultural land is
dapkan pada alih fungsi lahan sawah imperative to cater the national rice
irigasi untuk kepentingan nonpertanian requirement considering the conversion
yang relatif subur. Peningkatan produksi of fertile rice to non-agricultural uses.
pangan nasional terutama beras selain Increasing food production as rice, is also
memanfaatkan lahan sawah irigasi secara by utilizing less favorable land as tidal
intensif, juga diarahkan memanfaatkan swamp and rainfed field.
lahan-lahan marjinal seperti lahan rawa
pasang surut dan sawah tadah hujan. More intensive uses of irrigated
rice field and the utilization of tidal
Intensifikasi lahan sawah irigasi swamp for rice cultivation can result in
melalui pendekatan pertanian ramah increasing GHG emission due to the
lingkungan seperti sistem PTT dan peman-
organic input. Therefore, it is necesary
faatan lahan pasang surut untuk budidaya
to develop technology that can minimize
padi sawah dikhawatirkan dapat menye-
babkan peningkatan konsentrasi gas rumah the GHG (CH4, N2O, and CO2) emission.
kaca (GRK) di atmosfer karena input The GHG emission from intensive rice
organik yang diberikan. Untuk itu, perlu cultivation as PTT and other systems also
dipersiapkan teknologi yang dapat mene- to be measured properly.
kan emisi GRK (CH4, N2O, dan CO2) selain
menyiapkan data ilmiah sebagai bukti/
indikator, dan mengidentifikasi status
emisi GRK di sawah-sawah intensif yang
menerapkan sistem PTT.
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Hasil gabah tertinggi diperoleh dari The highest rice yield was obtained
perlakuan non-PTT tergenang 4,82 t/ha, from flooded non-PTT with 4,82 t/ha,
kemudian diikuti oleh perlakuan PTT ter- followed by flooded PTT, intermittent
genang, PTT intermittent, non-PTT inter- PTT, intermittent non-PTT, intermittent
mittent, SRI intermittent, dan SRI macak- SRI, and submerged SRI with 4.69; 4.50;
macak berturut-turut sebesar 4,69; 4,50; 4.36; 2.77; and 2.66 t/ha, respectively.
4,36; 2,77; dan 2,66 t/ha.
An intensive research in dry sea-
Penelitian intensif pada MK 2008 son/MK 2008 showed that net C for inter-
menunjukkan bahwa net C untuk sistem
mittent irrigation system had a negative
pengairan intermittent memiliki nilai
value from -1.39 to -1.54 t-C/ha indi-
negatif antara -1,39 - -1,54 t-C/ha yang
berarti bahwa teknologi ini mampu men- cating that the technology can signi-
jadi pengabsorpsi C signifikan. Pengaruh ficantly sequester C. The effect of CH4 on
CH4 terhadap nilai GWP (Global Warming the value of GWP (Global Warming
Potential) pada cara pengairan intermit- Potential) in the system of intermittent
tent berkisar antara 0,49-0,69 kali diban- irrigation ranged between 0.49-0.69 times
dingkan dengan CO2, sedangkan pada cara compared to CO2, while in flooding sys-
tergenang, pengaruh CH4 terhadap nilai tem, the effect of CH4 on the value of
GWP sebesar 1,57-1,65 kali. “Trade off” GWP was 1.57-1.65 times. “trade off” in
terjadi pada berbagai sistem pengelolaan the emission of CH4 and CO2-occurred in
padi dimana pada saat terjadi emisi CH4 various rice management
tinggi, emisi CO2-nya rendah, demikian
juga sebaliknya.
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Data dari stasiun iklim tersebut The data from the climate stations
dikemas dan didiseminasikan ke berbagai were analysed and disseminated to rela-
instansi terkait dalam bentuk informasi ted agencies in form of climate informa-
iklim berupa prakiraan curah hujan, peta tion as rainfall prediction, map of dry
prakiraan MK dan MH, dan konsep opera- season onset and estimatied rainfall, and
sional antisipasi anomali iklim untuk operational concept of climate anomaly
perencanaan masa tanam. Dengan infor-
anticipation for planning planting time.,
masi tersebut dapat dihasilkan prediksi
The of monthly rainfall prediction for 3-6
curah hujan bulanan 3-6 bulan sehingga
dapat diketahui musim yang sedang ber- months either for dry season or rainy
jalan di suatu daerah, musim kemarau season. Regional policy maker relay the
atau musim hujan. Pengambil kebijakan information to extension workers con-
di daerah dapat memberikan informasi cerning onset of planting and cropping
kepada penyuluh tentang informasi awal pattern that eventually delivered to
tanam dan pola tanam yang kemudian farmers. The information can be easily
disampaikan kepada petani. Keunggulan- accessed through the internet or printed
nya, informasi mudah diakses melalui media.
internet atau media cetak yang disebar-
luaskan.
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Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
Peta prakiraan curah hujan bulan April 2007 wilayah Indonesia dari BMG
Map of Rainfall Prediction in April 2007 in Indonesia By Meteorology and
Geophysics Agency/BMG
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Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
Wereng batang coklat (Nilaparvata lugens), tanaman yang terserang dapat menjadi
kering dan akhirnya mati
Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens), the plant attcked becomes dry and
finally dead
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Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
Intensitas (%)
(a)
Intensitas (%)
(b)
Katam (dasarian)
Pola distribusi puncak tanam eksisting antar-musim dan antar-provinsi untuk : (a)
masing-masing provinsi dan (b) total Pulau Jawa
Pattern of Current Seasonal and Provincial Peaks of Rice Cropping: (a) each province
and (b) the entire Java Island
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Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
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Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
50%
1000 75%
800
Kerugian(milyar
600
Kerugian
400
200
0
19 4
19 5
19 6
19 7
19 8
19 9
20 9
20 0
01
19 0
19 1
19 2
19 3
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
0
19
Tahun
Tahun
700
Rupiah)
25%
(Milyarrupiah)
600 50%
75%
500
Keuntungan (milyar
400
300
Keuntungan
200
100
0
89
19 0
91
19 2
93
94
19 5
96
19 7
98
20 9
00
01
9
9
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
Tahun
Tahun
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Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
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Main Result of Research on Agricultural Land Resources 2003 – 2008
Contoh tampilan dari software WARM ver. 1.0 (atas) dan MAPDAS (bawah)
Sample features of software WARM ver. 1.0 (above) and MAPDAS (below)
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Hasil Unggulan Penelitian Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian 2003 – 2008
Hasil validasi menunjukkan koefi- The validity result showed that the
sien korelasi yang tinggi terdapat pada highest correlation coefficient is in the
daerah dengan pola hujan monsunal yang region with clear monsoonal rain pattern
jelas (stasioner) yang umumnya terdapat (stationer) which generally can be found
di Lampung dan Pulau Jawa. in Lampung and Java Island.
Hasil prakiraan curah hujan juga The result of rainfall prediction can
dapat memberikan informasi tentang sifat also provide information on the charac-
awal musim, baik musim hujan maupun teristics of the season onset, both rainy
musim kemarau. and dry seasons.
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Informasi hasil rapat Pokja (Kelompok Kerja) yang dimuat dalam Leaflet Info Agroklimat
dan Hidrologi edisi perdana (kiri) dan website Balitklimat (kanan)
Information on the result of Pokja (Working Group) meeting written in the Leaflet of
Agroclimate and Hydrology Info of first edition (left) and website of Balitklimat (right)
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Prototipe embung di Gunung Sugih, Lampung Tengah (atas) dan di Playen (bawah)
Prototype of embung at Gunung Sugih, Central Lampung (top) and in Playen (bottom)
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• Terjadinya perubahan jenis dan pola • Increasing cropping index into twice in
tanam menjadi dua kali tanam setahun, a year, withf rice and secondary crops,
dengan pola tanam padi sawah dan vegetables or fruits.
palawija/sayuran atau buah-buahan.
(a) (d)
(b) (e)
(c) (f)
Prototipe beberapa dam parit di: (a) Desa Bunder, Gunung Kidul; (b) Desa Jogjogan,
Bogor; (c) Desa Keji, Ungaran; (d) Desa Kalisidi, Semarang; (e) Desa Jatiwangi, Garut;
dan (f) Desa Bleberan
Prototype of several channel reservoirs at: (a) Bunder village, Gunung Kidul; (b)
Jogjogan village, Bogor; (c) Keji village, Ungaran; (d) Kalisidi village, Semarang; (e)
Jatiwangi village, Garut; and (f) Bleberan village
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Tabel 8. Pengaruh sistem irigasi terhadap kebutuhan air irigasi dan hasil padi
Table 8. Effect of irrigation system on water need for irrigation and rice yield
Metode irigasi padi Kebutuhan air irigasi Hasil
Method of irrigation Irrigation water need Yield
t/ha m3/ha t/ha
Water saving method 8.918 10,6
(penggenangan 5-7 cm)
Water saving method
(flooding 5-7 cm)
Penggenangan dalam 12.613 7,8
(penggenangan 10-15 cm)
Deep flooding
(flooding 10-15 cm)
Tabel 9. Efisiensi penggunaan air pada lahan yang diirigasi macak-macak dan
digenangi terus-menerus
Table 9. Efficiency in water use on land of submerged irrigation and continuous
flooding
Efisiensi penggunaan air)a/Efficiency in water use)a
Perlakuan/Treatment
MH 1980/81 MK 1980 dan 1981
...... kg gabah/ha/mm air ......
...... kg paddy/ha/mm water ......
Penggenanganb 4,09 5,42
Flooding
Macak-macak 4,08 5,61
Submerging
a Gabah kering giling
a Dried unhulled rice
b Penggenangan terus-menerus setinggi 5 cm
b Continuous flooding/inundation with water depth of 5 cm
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Tabel 10. Rata-rata hasil padi dan efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi
Table 10. The average rice yield and the efficient use of irrigation water
Efisiensi hasil
Yield efficiency
Uraian Hasil padi Air hanya untuk Air untuk penyiapan lahan
Description Rice yield pertumbuhan tanaman pertumbuhan tanaman
Water only for crop Water for land preparation
growth and for crop growth
t/ha ………… kg padi/m3 air …………
………… kg paddy/m3 water …………
Kaliwanangan
- Rotasi/rotational 3,67 0,22 0,13
- terus-menerus/continous 3,66 0,20 0,12
Gomez
- rotasi/rotational 3,45 0,41 0,23
- terus-menerus/continous 3,11 0,36 0,21
Santa Arcadia
- rotasi/rotational 3,14 0,4 0,24
- terus-menerus/continous 2,97 0,43 0,21
Rata-rata
- rotasi/rotational 3,42 0,35 0,18
- terus-menerus/continous 3,25 0,33 0,16
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Perbandingan hasil padi dan jumlah pemberian air irigasi pada sistem irigasi berselang
dengan penggenangan dan irigasi bergilir:
Comparison of rice yield and the amount of irrigation water on alternate wet/dry
irrigation system and continuous flooding irrigation and rotational irrigation:
CSI = genangan terus-menerus.
continuous flooding irrigation.
AWDI = irigasi berselang-irigasi hingga 5 cm sehari setelah fase genangan.
alternate wet/dry irrigation until 5 cm a day after the flooding phase.
RSW = irigasi bergilir-4 hari irigasi 3 hari drainase.
rotational irrigation-4 days irrigated and 3 days drained.
Curah hujan selama periode irigasi 579 mm).
Rainfall during the irrigation period, 579 mm).
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1.4 Tanggal
TanggalTanam
tanam MT-2
MT-2 Tanggaltanam
Tanggal Tanam MT-1
MT-1 140
Palawija: 90 hari Padi gogo: 115 hari
Palawija : 90 hari Bera
Bera Padi Gogo : 115 hari
1.2 120
0.8 80
0.6 60
0.4 40
0.2 20
0.0 0
0-Jan
01/01/2005
01/11/2005
01/21/2005
02/01/2005
02/11/2005
02/21/2005
03/01/2005
03/11/2005
03/21/2005
04/01/2005
04/11/2005
04/21/2005
05/01/2005
05/11/2005
05/21/2005
06/01/2005
06/11/2005
06/21/2005
07/01/2005
07/11/2005
07/21/2005
08/01/2005
08/11/2005
08/21/2005
09/01/2005
09/11/2005
09/21/2005
10/01/2005
10/11/2005
10/21/2005
11/01/2005
11/11/2005
11/21/2005
12/01/2005
12/11/2005
12/21/2005
Tanggal
Contoh gambar penentuan saat dan masa tanam terbaik berdasarkan nilai rasio
ETR/ETM dan potensi kehilangan hasil untuk pengembangan lahan kering dengan
pola tanam padi-palawija-bera di Kabupaten Buru
Example of determining the best planting based on the ratio value of ETR/ETM
and yield loss potential to develop dry land with cropping pattern of rice-
palawija-fallow in Buru regency
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Jadwal dan volume air irigasi dite- Schedule and volume of irrigation
tapkan berdasarkan perkiraan kebutuhan water are determined based on estima-
air tanaman menurut metode FAO. Kebu- tion of the crop need according to FAO
tuhan riil air tanaman dapat diketahui method. The real water need for crop
dari kebutuhan air pada periode defisit can be estimated from the water need
yang ditandai oleh nisbah evapotranspira- during a deficit period where ratio of
si aktual (ETA) dengan evapotranspirasi actual evapotranspiration (ETA) against
potensial (ETP) <0,80. Apabila ETA/ETP potential evapotranspiration (ETP) <0.80.
mendekati satu berarti tanaman efektif If ETA/ETP approaches one, it means that
menggunakan air dan hasilnya tinggi. the crops are effectively use the water
Sebaliknya, apabila ETA/ETP kurang dari resulting in high yield. On the contrary, if
0,80 berarti tanaman mengalami keku- ETA/ETP is less than 0.80, it means that
rangan air sehingga berdampak terhadap crops lack water consequently decreasing
penurunan hasil. yield.
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Disbun NTT →
Kebijakan dan
Balitklimat → anggaran
Sumberdaya iklim Sub Dinas Pengairan
dan hidrologi, Teknis → Jaringan hidrologi
pelaksanaan
Masyarakat →
Implementasi
lapangan
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Contoh gambar potensi aliran permukaan Sungai Kawangu dan Praikalokat saat
musim kemarau untuk memenuhi kebutuhan irigasi pertanian di Desa
Kambatatana, Kabupaten Sumba Timur, Provinsi NTT
Sample picture of surface flow potential of the Kawangu River and Praikalokat
River in dry season to fulfill agricultural irrigation in Kambatatana village, Sumba
Timur Regency, NTT Province
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Geologi
Jenis tanah
Lereng
Model Elevasi Digital, geologi, jenis tanah, kelas kemiringan basin Danau Singkarak.
Sub-DAS Paninggahan dan Muara Pingai merupakan daerah utara dan selatan sub-DAS
No. 8 (disadur dari Farida et al., 2005)
Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), geology, soil type, gradient class of Lake Singkarak
basin. Sub-watershed/Sub-DAS of Paninggahan and Muara Pingai are the northern
and southern part of Sub-watershed/sub-DAS No. 8
(adapted from Farida et al., 2005)
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(a)
(b)
(a) Lokasi pemasangan alat pengukur tinggi muka air (AWLR), (b) Danau Singkarak
terlihat dari areal hutan terdegradasi
(a) The location of installing a device to measure the height of water surface
(AWLR), (b) Lake Singkarak viewed from the area of degraded forest
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Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir For the last few years, landslides
bencana longsor seringkali terjadi. Untuk have often occurred. To anticipate the
mengantisipasi meluasnya lahan yang widespread of degraded land due to
terdegradasi akibat longsor, BBSDLP telah landslides, CSARD has formulated Gene-
menyusun Pedoman Umum Budidaya La- ral Guideline for Agricultural Cultivation
han Pegunungan berdasarkan hasil peneli- on Mountainous areas based on research
tian. Dituangkan ke dalam Permentan No. results. It is declared in the Ministrial
47/Permentan/OT.140/10/2006, pedoman Regulation No. 47/Permentan/OT.140/
umum tersebut memuat teknik pengen- 10/2006. The general guideline contains
dalian longsor dan erosi lahan pertanian. techniques for controling landslide and
erosion in the agricultural areas.
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