POME is the effluent from the final stage of palm oil production in the mill.
POME is a colloidal suspension with containing :
Water : 95-96%,
Oil : 0.6-0.7%
Total solids : 4-5%, including 2-4% suspended solids
BOD : 23,500 to 29,300 mg/L
COD : 49,000 to 63,600 mg/L
Oil and grease : 8,370 mg/L
Total solids : 26,500 to 45,400 - 17,100 to 35,900 mg/L
QUANTITIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME)
Pre-Treatment of POME
• The contents of POME are essentially organic and moderately
biodegradable. The biodegradability is influenced by the extent
of cellulosic materials present such as the palm fibre residues
as well as the residual oil content.
• The effluent treatment technologies for POME are therefore
invariably combinations of physical and biological processes.
The physical treatment includes pre-treatment steps such as
screening, sedimentation and oil removal in oil traps prior to
the secondary treatment in biological treatment systems.
• Sand and grit that accompany the fresh fruit bunch and
residual oil are removed in a sand trap and/or oil trap. The oil
trap consists of a baffled pit or sump that retains the
wastewater for at least 10 hours. Hydraulic retention times
(HRTs) of about 1 to 2 days are preferable for moreeffective oil
removal and minimal loss of oil to the effluent
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT
Biological Treatment of POME
Untuk mencapai baku mutu air limbah
industri kelapa sawit memerlukan
kombinasi proses pengolahan dengan
fisik. Jenis pengolahan biologis yaitu :
1. Anaerobic-Facultative Lagoon System
2. Anaerobic-Aerated Lagoon System
3. Anaerobic Reactor-Aerated Lagoon
System
4. Anaerobic Lagoon-Land Application
System
5. Anaerobic Reactor-Land Application
System
AN AEROBIC DEGRATION PATHWAY
Anaerobic-Facultative Lagoon System
Di dalam sistem ini, anaerobic
treatment process
membutuhkan kolam
anaerobic atau lagoons.
Komponen penting dalam
sistem pengolahan ini adalah:
• De-oiling Tank;
• Acidification ponds;
• Methanogenic ponds;
• Facultative ponds; and
• Sand beds.
Anaerobic Reactor -Aerated Lagoon
Anaerobic-Aerated Lagoon System
System
• Pengolahan ini menyerupai Anaerobic- • Conventional Anaerobic Digester
Facultative Lagoon System, hanya • Anaerobic Contact Process
dilakukan supply oksigen dengan • Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)
mekanikal aerator untuk aerobic biological Reactor
processes. Anaerobic tank digesters are much more capital intensive than
• Umumnya pengolahan ini melalui oksidasi anaerobic lagoons, but have the following advantages:
mekanikal memiliki efisiensi lebih tinggi 1. Extremely compact and occupy a fraction of the space
required by anaerobic lagoons;
pada aerated lagoons; secara keseluruhan 2. Higher organic loading rates and therefore much shorter
efisiensi anaerobic-aerated lagoon system hydraulic retention times; HRTs are about 10 to 20 days for
closed tank digesters compared to about 45 to 80 days
dapat mencapai 99.8%; hasil akhir foranaerobic lagoons;
konsentrasi BOD5 kurang dari 100 mg/L. 3. Closed tank digesters with complete internal mixing and
operating at the high thermophilic temperature range of
Biaya operasi menjadi tinggi akibat between 42 oC and 55 oC require an HRT of about 10 days or
penggunaan energi utk pengoperasian less;
4. The organic loading rate for closed-tank anaerobic digesters is
mekanikal aerasi dan pemeliharaanya. typically about 3.0 to 5.0 Kg BOD5/m3.day; Open tank
• Kedalaman lagoon mencapai 5 meter yang digesters without internal mixing and operating at the normal
mesophilic temperature range of about 30 oC to 35 oC require
digunakan, dimana hydraulic retention an HRT of about 20 days;
time adalah 15 and 20 days; i. e. extended 5. The organic loading rate for open tank anaerobic digesters is
typically about 0.8 to 1.0 Kg BOD5/m3day;
aeration. 6. Higher treatment efficiency of between 60% and 90% BOD
removal;
7. Biogas generated can be recovered and utilised as energy
source.
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT
Anaerobic Reactor -Aerated Lagoon System
BIOGAS PRODUCTION
FROM PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME)
AN AEROBIC POND CAPPED SYSTEM
AN AEROBIC POND CAPPED SYSTEM
AN AEROBIC POND CAPPED SYSTEM
35 Optium
32 – 31 Minimum
Pemeliharaan
UPAYA UNTUK MENJAGA SUPAYA SARANA IPAL
KELAPA SAWIT MAMPU BERFUNGSI SECARA
MEMUASKAN SESUAI RENCANA.
27
OPERASI & PEMELIHARAAN IPAL
umpan balik
Air Limbah
SDM
Dana Effluent Air Limbah
Peralatan Yang memenuhi
Enerji Syarat PermenLH 05/14
Bahan Kimia
28
SIKLUS DEMING
plan
action continual
improvement do
check
SIKLUS SISTEM MANAJEMEN OPERASI DAN PEMELIHARAAN
PEBYUSUNAN DOKUMEN
PENGORGANISASIAN
(sop & instrksi kerja) PELATIHAN
RENCANA PROGRAM STAFF
KERJA & PELAKSANAAN
PENJADWALAN OPERASI &
KEBUTUHAN SUMBER PEMELIHARAAN
DAYA DAN ANGGARAN
PENGUKURAN
IDENTIFIKASI
KEBUTUHAN O&M
SISTEM KINERJA
MANAJEMEN
OPERASI & PEMANTAUAN
PELAPORAN PEMELIHARAAN
USULAN TINDAKAN EVALUASI KINERJA
KOREKSI DAN OPERASI DAN
TINDAKAN PREVENTIF PEMELIHARAAN
31
PERMASALAHAN PENGELOLAAN IPAL
1. Jumlah, Kualifikasi, Kompetensi SDM
2. Perencanaan IPAL yang salah/tidak sesuai
3. IPAL sudah tua dan tidak handal (terdapatnya
kerusakan peralatan dan sarana IPAL)
4. Operasi dan Pemeliharaan Tidak Benar
5. Sumber Air Limbah Berubah Kapasitas dan Kualitas
6. IPAL tidak efektip, efisiensi rendah
7. Tidak didukung manajemen dalam OP
8. Tidak memiliki SOP IPAL
9. Sarana Laboratorium tidak memadai
10. Kesalahan dan atau tidak efisien dalam
penggunaan air untuk kebersihan lingkungan
(house keeping)
11. Terbatasnya dukungan pendanaan
TERIMA KASIH
LAMPIRAN
Agitator CSTR digester