waktu
Pengukuran kadar Obat
darah atau plasma darah
Ppengukuran kadar obat dalam plasma Cp sangat relevan dalam
memantau pengobatan karena kadar obat dalam darah atau plasma
terjadi kesetimbangan dengan kadar obat pada jaringan-jaringan ,
dengan demikian kadar obat dalam darah mencerminkan kadar obat
di tempat aksi obat
Peningkatan kadar obat dalam darah menggambarkan peningkatan
kadar obat ditempat aksinya, sebaliknya menurunnya kadar obat
dalam darah menggambarkan penurunan kadar obat ditempat
aksinya.
Hal tersebut bukan berarti kadar obat dalam darah sama dengan
kadar obat di tempat aksinya.
Seringkali terjadi perbedaan farmakokinetik obat pada
penggunaan klinik, sehingga pemeriksaan kadar obat dalam
darah atau plasma cp berguna untuk mengetahui sejauh ,mana
dosis yang diberikan kepada penderita benar-benar memberikan
kadar obat dalam plasma yang dibutuhkan dalam terapi. Dengan
diketahuinya kadar obat dalam plasma , dengan bantuan
parameter farmakokinetiki lainnya dapat dilakukan penyesuaian
dosis yang lbh tepat
Adanya perbedaan kepekaan reseptor terhadap beberapa obat pada individu yang berbeda ,
maka pemeriksaan cp bermanfaat untuk mengukur penggunaan obat secara individual,
sehingga individual yang terlalu peka terhadap obat tersebut tidak menerima terlalu banyak
dosis obat.
Adanya penyakit tertentu, makanan maupun obat lain yang menyebabkan
interaksi dengan obat tersebut dapat mempengaruhi fungsi fisiologis organ
tubuh, maka pemeriksaan cp berguna untuk mengetahui nperubahan-perubahan
yang di timbulkan akibat pengaruh tersebut
Kadar obat dalam plasma cp Bersama-sama model farmakokinetik dan
parameter farmakokinetika dapat memberikan penafsiran yang teliti mengenai
hubungan cp dan respon farmakologik suatu obat.
Data satu titik cp dari penderita belum memberikan infromasi yang cukup untuk
dapat digunakan, masih perlu penjelasan yang terkait . Antara lain ; kapan cp
diambil kaitan penggunaan obat, berapa besar dosis, dan cara pemberian obat
Ex:
Suatu obat diberikan secara oral didapatkan cp 10 ug/ml. data ini belum dapat
digunakan bagi penderita. Untuk dapat diguanakan diperlukan data yang lain :
MEC (minimun effectivity concentration) , MTC (minimun toxicity concentration).
Penempatan MEC dan MTC ini jga akan dapat diketahui mulai kerja obat onset of
action, kekuatan obat atau intensity of action dan lama obat verefek atau duration of
action,
Obat dalam tubuh dinamis artinya selalu berubah sehubungan berjalannya waktu,
dalam tubuh dianggap obat dalam darah atau plasma terjadi suatu kesetimbangan
dengan obat dalam jaringan.
MEC mencerminkan kadar obat yang diperlukan reseptor obat untuk menghasilkan
efek farmakologik, sedangkan MTC mencerminkan konsentrasi obat pada reseptor
yang menimbulkan efek toksit.
Onzet??
Intensitas?
Durasi??
Aspek Farmakokinetik
Kadar puncak obat dalam plasma, adalah konsentrasi obat dalam plasma yang
paling tinggi cuplikan hayati yang diperiksa. Waktu kadar puncak yaitu waktu yaitu
waktu yang diperlukan obat mencapai kadar puncak dalam darah atau plasma yang
secara kasar sebanding dengan laju absorbs obat rata-tata.
Luas daerah di bwah kurve –area under curve (AUC) pada umumnya dikaitkan
dengan jumlah obat yang terabsorbsi untuk mencapai sirkulasi sistemik.
THANK YOU
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