Pendahuluan
ateri : Pendahuluan
is Sistem Refrigerasi
ntoh Aplikasi sistem Refrigerasi
gertian refrigerasi,
is sistem refrigerasi menurut metoda (Refrigerasi Mekanik dan non mekanik),
is sistem refrigerasi menurut aplikasinya (Refrigerasi domestik, transportasi, komersial, dan tata udara (industri/kenyaman
iew Sistem Satuan
gukuran Besaran Penting Dalam Sistem Refrigerasi : Tekanan dan Temperatur
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Sistem Ref
Refrigerasi merupakan suatu proses penarikan panas/kalor dari suatu benda/rua
Refrigerasi akan selalu berhubungan proses-proses aliran dan perpindahan panas.
Dibutuhkan dasar pengetahuan Perpindahan Panas dan termodinamika.
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Dingin ????
Adalah suatu keadaan yang mana temperatur suatu benda lebih rendah dari temperatur lingkunga
Bila terdapat beda temperatur akan terjadi perpindahan energi (kalor)
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Bagaimana Supaya Bisa Dingin ?
Menghembuskan udara atau menyiramkan air hanya menghasilkan perasaan “dingin”, tapi tak mem
Untuk mendapatkan dingin, kita harus berada pada lingkungan atau dekat dengan benda yang lebih renda
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Air-conditioning Provides human comfort for people in their own homes and in the
workplace; affects the population distribution.
Artificial Ice Recreation ice skating is provided all over the country, even in
areas of warm climate.
Brewing Industry Enables breweries to make uniform products all year round.
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Aplikasi Sistem Refrigerasi (2)
Hospitality Businesses Used by movie theaters, hotels, beauty salons, and restaurants to attract
customers to their air-conditioned facilities.
Railway Car Enables the distribution of products on large-scale basis; created regional
produce specialization; changed American diets.
WWI Defense Refrigerated machines kept ammunition below the temperature at which high
Application explosives became unstable.
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Freezer
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Sistem Refrigerasi Komersial (1)
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Sistem Refrigerasi Komersial (3)
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Island Type
Special Type
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Sistem Refrigerasi Industri (1)
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Definisi Dasar
Besaran dan satuan
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Massa
Besaran kuantitatif dari benda yang menyatakan kelembaman (resistance to being accelerated)
inertia
Satuan
kilogram
Lb (pound)
ons
carat
Besaran Pokok (Fundamental Quantity)
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Length
Jarak antara dua titik
extension in space
units
meter
foot
mile
fathoms
Besaran pokok (Fundamental Quantity)
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Time
dimension of universe which determines sequence of events
units
seconds
days
months
years
fundamental unit
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Velocity
how fast an object is moving and in what direction (vector)
meters/second (m/s)
miles per hour (mph)
derived quantity
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Acceleration
rate of change of the velocity of an object
change in speed
change in direction
change in both
Units
m/s2
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Momentum
product of mass and velocity
light object moving fast can have same momentum as heavy object m
units
kg-m/s
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Force
influence that causes a body to accelerate
F = ma
vector quantity
Units
Newtons
pounds
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Pressure
Force per unit area
Units
Newtons per square meter (N/m2)
Pascal
torr
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Kinetic Energy
Energy associated with the movement of an object
K = ½ mv2
Units
Joules (kg-m2/s2)
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Potential Energy
energy associated with the arrangement of a system of particles that e
Types
Gravitational
Elastic
Electric
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Electrical Charge
inherent physical property of subatomic particles
protons (positive) and electrons (negative)
not continuous value
Units
Coulombs
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Electrical Current
Transfer of charge per unit time
I = q/t
Units
Ampere or amp (A)
Fundamental quantity
Unit of charge is derived quantity
Coulomb
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Temperature
Measure of the internal energy of an object
determines the direction of heat flow wn objects are placed in thermal contact
he
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Fundamental Quantities
Mass
kilogram Temperature
mass of an international Kelvin
prototype in the form of a Current
platinum-iridium cylinder kept at
Sevres in France Ampere
current which produces a specified
Length force between two parallel wires
meter which are 1 meter apart in a vacuum
distance light travels, in a
vacuum, in 1/299792458th of a Amount
second. mole
Time 6.02 x 1023 of anything
seconds Luminous Intensity
length of time taken for candela
9192631770 periods of vibration of
the cesium- 133 intensity of a source of light of a
specified frequency, which gives a
specified amount of power in a
given direction
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Pengukuran Besaran
Penting dalam Sistem
Termal
Tekanan
Temperatur
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Tekanan (1)
Umum :
Konversi Satuan Tekanan
Force (F)
Tekanan (P) =
105 Pa = 1 bar
Area (A) 1 MPa = 10 bar
1 mm Hg (0oC) = 133,332 Pa
Dimensi / satuan :
1 in H2O (4oC) = 249,082 Pa
1 Pascal (Pa) =1 Newton (N)
1 Atm = 101,325 kPa
1 m² (A)
1 Atm = 1,01325 bar
1 psi = 6894,76 Pa
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Tekanan (2)
Tekanan Atmosfir
p 101,325 1 - 2,25577 10 -5 Z 5,2559
p tekanan atmosferik [kPa]
z ketinggian dari permukaan laut [m]
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Tekanan (3)
P
Pabsolut Pgauge
Patm= 0 gauge
Pvakum1 Atm = 76 cmHg
= 101,3 kPa
0 absolut
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Prinsip manomete
Pengukuran tekanan dapat dilakukan dengan mengamati kesetimbangan gaya y
P=gh
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Prinsip Kerja Pressure Gauge (2)
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Temperatur (1)
Ukuran yang menyatakan potensi perpindahan panas.
o 373 o 672
100 212
Air Mendidih pada 1 Atm
273 o 492
0o 32
Es membeku pada 1 Atm
0 0
Nol Mutlak
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Temperatur (2)
Ukuran yang menyatakan potensi perpindahan panas.
Celcius Kelvin
Fahrenheit Rankin
Latihan
Jawab :
Tentukan :
25 oC = …. oF 25 oC = 9/5(25)+32 = 77 oF
89 oF = ….
oC 89 oF = 5/9(89-32) = 31,7 oC
95 oF = ….
oC
95 oF = 5/9(95-32) = 35 oC
6 oC = …. oF
6 oC = 9/5(6)+32 = 42,8 oF
110 oC = …. oF
45 oC = ….
oF 110 oC = 9/5(110)+32 = 230 oF
45 oC = 9/5(45)+32 = 113 oF
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Pengukuran Kelembaban Udara
Dengan sederhana dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan 2 (dua) termometer.
termometer termometer
Tdb
Aliran udara Twb
Aliran udara
kasa
Pengukuran Temperatur bola kering (dry bulb Temperatur = Tdb) dan
Temperatur bola basah (wet bulb Temperatur = Twb)
air
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Sling Psikrometer
rfungsi untuk mengukur kelembaban udara dengan mengukur temperatur tabung basah dan temperatur tabung kerin
ngukuran dilakukan dengan memutar sehingga kecepatannya 2-3 m/s (400-600 fpm)
Twb
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Diagram Psikrometrik
Entalpi Rasio Kelembaban
Tdp
% RH
Twb
Tdb
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Contoh Perhitungan (jawab)
Tdp = 73 oC
RH = 67 %
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Bacaan lebih lanjut
Dossat Roy J. Principles of Refrigeration 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Son. C
Arora CP. Refrigeration And Air Conditioning (in SI Unit). Tata McGraw
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BAB II
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