Efloresensi
Kelainan kulit yang dapat dilihat dengan mata telanjang
(secara obyektif)
Primer Sekunder Khusus
Makula – Patch Skuama Burrow
Papula – Plak Eksoriasi Komedo
Urtikaria Nodul Krusta Milia
Vesikel – bula Fisura Delle
Pustula Erosi Purpura
Kista Ulkus Teleangiektasis
Fistula Hiperkeratosis
Fibrosis
Gangren
Urticaria Angioedema
Penonjolan kulit berisi cairan
Vesikel <1 cm
Bula >1 cm
Penonjolan kulit berisi nanah
Pustula
Kista
Skuama pengelupasan stratum korneum epidermis
Jenis-jenis skuama:
• pitiriasiformis (halus)
• psoriasiformis (berlapis-lapis)
• iktiosiformis (seperti ikan)
• kutikular (tipis)
• lamellar (berlapis)
• membranosa atau eksfoliativa
(lembaran-lembaran)
• keratorik (terdiri epidermis)
• GO
CERVICITIS* • NON-GO
• TRIKOMONIASIS
VAGINITIS • BAKTERIAL VAGINOSIS
• CANDIDIASIS VAGINITIS
A. Trikomoniasis
• Kausa: Trichomonas vaginalis
• Inkubasi: beberapa hari-4 minggu
• Klinis:
– Sekret homogen, banyak, purulen,
berbusa, warna kuning-hijau, bau
busuk
– Radang dan nyeri pada vulva &
vagina (+)
– pH vagina >4,5
– Cervix strawberry appearance
– Preparat basah (NaCl) trichomonas
motil
• Tx: metronidazol 2x500mg (7d)
B. Bakterial Vaginosis
• Kausa: Gardnerella vaginalis (tersering)
• Inkubasi: Beberapa hari-4 minggu
• Klinis:
– Sekret homogen, putih keabuan, tidak
terlalu banyak, melekat pada dinding
vagina, tanda radang (-), bau amis (esp
setelah senggama)
– pH>4,5
– Clue cells (+)
• Bakteri menempel pada tepi sel
– Whiff/amine test (+)
• Bau amis bila sekret ditetesi
larutan KOH
• Tx: metronidazol 2x500mg (7d)
C. Candidiasis Vaginitis
• Kausa: Candida albicans
• Klinis
– Sekret putih bergumpal,
kadang kental kekuningan,
gatal, tidak bau/masam
– pH <4,5
– Vulva & vagina gatal, radang
(+), disertai edema atau fisura
– Mikroskopik dgn KOH 10%
pseudohifa, ragi, blastospora
• Tx: Nystatin 1x100.000 IU
intravaginal supp (7d)
Trichomoniasis
Bacterial Candidiasis
vaginosis vaginitis
Trichomonas Gardnerella
Candida albicans
vaginalis vaginalis
Kuning-hijau, Putih-kuning
berbuih Putih-abu bergumpal
Whiff/amine test
Strawberry cervix (+) Gatal, radang
*
*
Pedoman Nasional IMS, Kemenkes, 2011
STI –symptomatic approach
Duh Tubuh Duh Tubuh Bubo
Uretra Vagina Ulkus Inguinalis Kutil Kelamin
* cervicitis (wanita)
** >30/LPB pada
wanita
**bila tidak ada,
dapat digunakan
methylen blue
Diplokokus Gram Negatif Intraselular (DGNI) “biji kopi”
Wanita
Disseminata
Cervicitis GO Herpes
genitalis
Uretritis GO LGV
Cervicitis NGO
Ulkus Molle
(Chancroid)
Bacterial Condyloma
vaginosis Acuminata
Ulkus Durum
(Sifilis)
Trichomoniasis
Uretritis NGO Ulkus*
Granuloma
Candidiasis Inguinale
(Donovanosis)
Ulkus Genital
SSeCondylomata
eccoon
nddaarryySS
ypyhpih
lisil–is
Lata
Syphilis: Workup
Indirect test: Serology
• Nontreponemal test: (untuk screening dan evaluasi)
• Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL)
• Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)
• Treponemal test: (untuk konfirmasi)
• T. Pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA)
• Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS)
• Quantitative VDRL/RPR
• Microhemagglutination assay T. Pallidum (MHA-TP)
• Treponemal enzym immunoassay (EIA) IgG, IgM
BUBO BUBO
INGUINAL INGUINAL
(+) (-)
ULKUS Chancroid/ Granuloma
(+) Chancre/ Inguinal/
Herpes Donovanosis
Genital
ULKUS LGV -
(-)
STI –symptomatic approach
Duh Tubuh Duh Tubuh Bubo
Uretra Vagina Ulkus Inguinalis Kutil Kelamin
Trichomoniasis
Uretritis NGO Ulkus*
Herpes
genitalis
Candidiasis
GENITH
APLV
WART
WaSrt(sCoonndytlhom
e aTAhcicguhminata)
• Kausa: HPV
• Massa seperti bunga kol
• Tes acetowhite
Tx:
Asiklovir 5x200 mg
Valasiklovir 2 x 500 mg
VZV –Varicella (Chicken Pox)
Lesi polimorfik (makula, papula,
vesikel, krusta)
Lesi muncul dari wajah badan
ekstremitas
Terapi: - Asiklovir 5x800
- Valasiklovir 3x1000
Hutchinson’s sign
precedes the development
of ophthalmic herpes
zooster
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
VZV Infection of the head and neck that
involves the facial nerve, often the CN VII,
but might also CN VIII, IX, V, VI
Ganglion
geniculatum
Might be observed:
(CN VII)
• VZV auricularis
• VZV in any zoster zones of the head
and neck (herpes auricularis, herpes
facialis, herpes occipitocollaris) with
facial palsy
• VZV in any of the zoster zones with
facial palsy and auditory symptoms
(tinnitus, deafness, vertigo,
nystagmus, ataxia)
Terapi: amitriptilin 100 mg, nortriptilin 25 mg,
gabapentin 300 mg, capsaicine/lidocaine patch
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
• Etiology: Coxsakievirus A16
(Enterovirus nonpolio)
• Painful red blisters on
throat, gum, tongue,
cheeks, palm of hands,
soles of feets
• Efloresence: macula
vesicles erotion that
surrounds by erythematous
halo
• Treatment: symptomatic and
avoid acidic food or drink
Molluscum Contagiosum
(Condyloma subcutaneum)
• Kausa: Molluscum contagiosum virus (Pox virus)
• Badan Moluskum atau Henderson-Paterson bodies
Sinonim:
Impetigo Bockhart Nyeri (+)
Predileksi: Predileksi: Predileksi: tempat banyak friksi (eg: aksila, bokong)
tungkai bawah bibir atas, dagu
Furuncle & Carbuncle
Furuncle Carbuncle
This lesion represents multiple confluent
furuncles draining pus from multiple openings
Furunculosis
Terapi Pioderma
• Lokal
– Banyak pus/krusta: kompress dengan PK 1/5000, rivanol 3x sehari
@1jam selama keadaan akut
– Tidak tertutup pus/krusta: krim mupirosin 2% atau asam fusidat 2% 2x
sehari selama 7-10 hari
• Sistemik (5-7 hari)
– Kloksasilin atau dikloksasilin
• 4x250-500 mg (dewasa); 50 mg/kg/hari dalam 4 dosis (anak)
– Amoxiclav
• 3x250-500 mg (dewasa); 25 mg/kg/hari dalam 3 dosis (anak)
– Eritromisin
• 4x250-500mg (dewasa); 20-50 mg/kg/hari dalam 4 dosis
• Insisi dan drainase
– Khusus karbunkel yang menjadi abses
Skin and soft tissue infection
CLUE:
• Superfisial Batas TEGAS , merah terang
• GABHS
• Wajah, tungkai
Treatment:
• penicillin PO or IV for 5 days
• Cold compress
• Elevation and rest
Selulitis
CLUE:
• Deeper (subkutan)
Batas TIDAK TEGAS
• Keterlibatan deep
lymphatic vessels (+)
• S. aureus/GABHS
• Tungkai
Treatment:
• penicillin PO or IV for 5 days
• Cold compress
• Elevation and rest
Phlegmon
• Selulitis dengan supurasi (undrainable)
• Acute diffuse purulent inflammation of the adipose
tissue, may continue to muscles and tendons
Treatment:
• penicillin PO or IV for 5 days
• Cold compress
• Elevation and rest
Tx Skin and soft tissue infection
Bacillus anthracis
• Bakteri gram positif, aerob, parasit obligat
Wood’s lamp
PVC - Tx
Dermatofitosis
(Tinea--)
CLUE:
• Trichophyton, epidermophyton,
microsporum
• Tepi aktif, central healing
• KOH: hifa panjang bersekat. TIDAK
ADA ragi
Tinea cruris
“Black dot” tinea capitis
Tinea Infection with fractures of the hair leaving the
infected dark stubs visible in the follicular orifices
Capitis
Kerion
heavily crusted, hairless plaque
Tinea capitis “gray patch”
Heals with scarring and permanent
A large, round hyperkeratotic plaque of alopecia due
alopecia to breaking off of hair shafts close to the surface.
Most common in
children <10 y.o.
Tinea Capitis
Exothrix Endothrix
• Perkembangan • Adanya
arthrocodinia di perkembangan
bagian eksterior ahtrocodinia
batang rambut. hanya di dalam
Kutikula rambut batang rambut
hancur kuning kronis.
kehijauan di Kutikula rambut
bawah sinar intak dan tes
lampu Wood lampu Wood (-)
• Paparan hewan •
Black dot
peliharaan
• Gray patch
Pull test
• Hair-pull test gives a rough estimate of how much hair is being lost. It is
done by grasping a small portion of hair and gently applying traction while
sliding the fingers along the hair shafts. Usually one to two hairs are
removed with this technique. The hairs are then examined under a
microscope
Tinea manuum
Tinea barbae
Tinea pedis
Tinea - Tx
Candidiasis
CLUE:
• C.albicans
• Makula patch eritem
membasah, erosi, lesi
satelit
• Flexural area
• KOH: ragi, pseudohifa,
blastospora
Terapi Antifungal
Terapi Sistemik diberikan untuk lesi luas dan/ cegah kekambuhan
Griseofulvin TINEA
• Dosis: 1x500mg atau 2x250mg
• Utk tinea PEDIS dan ONYCHOMYCOSIS 2x500mg atau 4x250mg.
• Lama terapi tergantung jenis
• 2 to 4 weeks for tinea barbae, tinea corporis, and tinea cruris
• 4 to 6 weeks for tinea capitis
• 4 to 8 weeks for tinea pedis
• 4 months for onychomycosis of the fingernail
• 6 months for onychomycosis of the toenail.
Nystatin CANDIDIASIS
• Drop oral thrush
• Suppositoria candidiasis vaginal, apalagi ibu hamil
• Tablet Esophagus & GIT. Langsung bekerja on site, tdk diserap sistemik
• Untuk Candidiasis Cutis lokal berikan Ketoconazole, Miconazole, atau Clotrimazole topical
Ketoconazole
• Ketokonazol: 200 mg/hari (10 hari)
• Itrakonazol: 200 mg/hari (7 hari) PVC, 100 mg/ hari (10-14 hari) Tinea
Keywords
PVC Tinea Candidiasis
Malassezia furfur Trichophyon, Candida Albicans
Epidermophyton,
Microsporum
Makula-patch, skuama Tepi aktif, central healing Area lipatan, lesi satelit
halus Finger nail sign (+)
Skabies
Pedikulosis
Ptiriasis
Pediculosis Corporis
TERAPI
Pediculosis Pubis • Medikamentosa:
• First line: Permethrin cream 1% 2 jam
• Alternative: Malathion 0.5% lotion semalam
Gameksan 1% 12 jam
• Nonmedikamentosa:
• Cuci dengan air hangat. Lice and eggs are
killed by exposure for 5 minutes to
temperatures >53.5°C
Pediculosis Capitis
Cutaneus Larva Migrans
( creeping’s eruption)
• Larva Ancylostoma
braziliensis
• Treatment:
– Albendazole 1x400
mg (3d) OR
– Ivermektin 2x6mg
– Topical
corticosteroid
– Use liquid nitrogen
cryotherapy for
progressive end of larval
burrow
TB Chancre
Exogeneous
TB Verucosa Cutis
(Direct inoculation
(TVC)
into the skin)
Lupus Vulgaris
(LV)
Cutaneous TB Scrofuloderma
Contiguous
Infection Orificial TB
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Mycobacterium bovis TB Milier Akut
Lupus Vulgaris
(LV)
Lupus Vulgaris
Lymphogenous
(LV)
TB Chancre
• Primary inoculation TB
typically follows a
penetrating injury that
results in the direct
introduction of
mycobacterium into
the skin or mucosa of
an individual with no
previous TB
infection.
• Papul shallow firm
nonhealing nontender
ulcer
TB verukosa kutis
• (Anatomist’s warts, Prosector’s wart,
Verruca negrogenica)
• direct inoculation of TB into the skin of
people who were previously
infected.
• a painless, solitary, purplish or brownish-
red warty plaque that may extend
peripherally causing central atrophy or
form fissures that exude pus or keratinous
material.
• Hiperkeratosis (verrucous)
• Knees, elbows, hands, feet
• may persist for years but can clear up even
without treatment
TB verukosa
Lupus Vulgaris
• Chronic and progressive form of CTB
that is widely described as the most
common form of CTB with a multitude
of presentations.
• Lesions occur in normal skin as a result
of direct extension from underlying
deeper TB focus, by lymphatic or
hematogenous spread, after primary
inoculation, after BCG vaccination, or
in scars of old scrofuloderma.
• small, solitary, nodular, sharply
defined, reddish-brown lesions with a
gelatinous consistency (called apple-
jelly nodules) on the head and neck,
lower extremities or buttocks
• persist for years, leading to
disfigurement and sometimes skin
cancer
• The lesion begins as painless redish brown soft nodules
slowly enlarge to form irregularly shaped plaque
• Central healing with periphery continues to spread
Miliaria profunda
Lepra
Multiple nodules,
xerotic skin Multiple plaques,
leonine face
Multipl e Multiple
erythemato us anesthetic ulcers
nodules, painful
Klasifikasi Lepra menurut WHO
Clinical features Paucibacillary (PB) Multibacillary (MB)
Lucio Phenomenon
Reaksi kusta ringan tx: prednison
Alergi Immunologi
Erythema Multiforme
Urticaria
Urticaria
• Akut: <6 weeks ?
• Terapi:
– Antihistamin H1
• Bila gagal ganti/ naikkan dosis/ kombinasi
– Kortikosteroid, indikasi
• Angioedema (+)
• Refractory effect of antiH1
Jenis-jenis antihistamin
Cold Urticaria: ice cube test
Exanthematous
Drug Eruption
Farmakoterapi
• Kortikosteroid sistemik:
Prednison 3x10 mg/hari (1
minggu)
• Antihistamin sistemik:
Obat pencetus: antibiotik, NSAID – Setirizin2x10 mg/hari (7
Reaksi hipersensitivitas tipe IV hari) k/p
– Loratadin 10 mg/hari (7
hari) k/p
Erupsi makulopapular
eritematosa tersebar • Topikal:
– Bedak salisilat 2% dan
morbiliformis, simetris antipruritus (Menthol 0.5%
Predileksi: Tungkai, lipat paha, - 1%)
dan lipat ketiak
Fixed Drug Eruption
Reexposure obat lesi pada tempat yan
sama.
Obat pencetus: Sulfonamid, Barbiturat,
Trimetoprim, dan analgetik
Reaksi hipersensitivitas tipe II
Lesi khas:
• Vesikel, bercak eritema
• Lesi target,bentuk bulat lonjong atau
numular , adang disertai erosi
• Bercak hiperpigmentasi dengan kemerahan
di tepinya, terutama pada lesi berulang
Pengobatan pemeliharaan
• Setelah fase akut teratasi, max 4 minggu
• Kortikosteroid topikal q24h
• Krim pelembab q12h
DKI vs DKA
Acute allergic contact dermatitis due to nickel. This papular erythematous eruption with vesiculation and
crusting occurred at the site of contact with the clasp of a watch band. Contact hypersensitivity to nickel
was verified by patch testing.
DKA
Patch test
Dilakukan minimal 2 minggu setelah dermatitis
mereda, pada bagian tubuh yang tidak memiliki
riwayat terpapar dermatitis
Indikasi:
• DKA idiopatik
• Dermatitis yang tidak sembuh dalam waktu singkat/persisten
• Penggunaan terapi topikal kronis
DKI Kumulatif
• Kontak berulang pada iritan lemah (ex:deterjen)
• Predileksi ditangan
Dermatitis kontak iritan akut: • Kelainan muncul dalam hitungan minggu, bulan
• iritan kuat (H2SO4 atau HCl) bahkan tahun
• Lesi: eritem, edema, bula kadang nekrosis
• Tepi berbatas tegas
TOXIC IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS
ec insect bite
Treatment :
•Topical steroids in the mid to high
potency
•Oral antihistamines are useful if
pruritus is severe
•Oral antibiotics are indicated
when secondary infection is
present
Stasis Dermatitis
Most common in lower legs
SS :
Lentigo Simplex
• Most common, appears at birth or early childhood
• Small dark papule distributed widely including in mucosa and
conjunctiva
• Consider syndrome association when numerous an/or involve mucosa
Solar Lentigo
• Age spots / liver spots / actinic lentigine
• Sun exposed areas
• Benign, not associated with any medical conditions, risk for skin cancer
Freckles
Basal cell carcinoma: rodent-ulcer type. A large ulcer filled with black necrosis
and hemorrhagic crusts is surrounded by a well-demarcated rolled border
consisting of typical nodules of a BCC (translucency, teleangiectasia). It has
destroyed almost the entire cheek.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma