Materi penyuluhan kesehatan prolanis

Puskesmas lere
dr. Abdul Rachman Usman

HIPERTENSI
Apakah Hipertensi itu?

Hipertensi adalah tekanan darah yang melebihi ukuran normal atau disebut juga tekan darah
tinggi.

Kapan dikatakan Hipertensi?

Dikatakan hipertensi jika telah berumur 18 tahun atau lebih dengan tanda sebagai berikut:
Tekanan darah 140/90 mmHg atau tekanan sistolik 140 mmHg dan tekanan diastolik 90 mmHg.
Jika dalam kunjungan yang berbeda tekanan diastolik 90 mmHg.
Beberapa kali pengukuran tekanan sistolik menetap 140 mmHg.

Tanda dan gejala:

– Sakit kepala dan pusing,

– Nyeri kepala berputar,
– Rasa berat di tengkuk,
– Marah/emosi tidak terkendali,
– Mata berkunang-kunang,
– Telinga berdengung,
– Suka Tidur,
– Kesemutan,
– Kesulitan bicara,
– Rasa mual/muntah.

Tabel Derajat Hipertensi (JNC 7)

Klasifikasi Tekanan Darah TDS (mmHg) TDD (mmHg)

Normal <120 <80
Pre-Hipertensi 120-139 80-89
Hipertensi Stage 1 140-159 90-99
Hipertensi Stage 2 >160 >100

Faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya Hipertensi:

– Riwayat keluarga dengan Hipertensi,

– Umur,
– Kegemukan,
– Merokok,
– Stres,
– Alkohol,
– Obat-obatan,
– Kurang olahraga,
– Makanan berlemak,
– Berhenti haid,
– Penyakit (Diabetes Mellitus, Jantung, Ginjal).

Komplikasi:

– Stroke,
– Penyakit jantung koroner,
– Gagal jantung,
– Penyakit ginjal,
– Penyakit pembuluh perifer (misalnya gejala semutan).
Pencegahan:

– Pertahankan berat badan idel,

– Olahraga,
– Batasi pemakaian garam,
– Hindari konsumsi alkohol,
– Tidak/berhenti merokok,
– Makan banyak buah dan sayuran,
– Hindari minum kopi berlebihan,
– Rekreasi,
– Hindari/atasi stres,
– Cek tensi teratur/bulan (bila umur > 40 tahun).

Bagi yang sudah sakit:

Ikuti petunjuk untuk pencegahan dan berobat secara teratur, mentaati aturan minum obat,
konsultasi bila akan minum obat lain.

Kunci utama keberhasilan:

– Keaktifan penderita,
– Penderita berusaha,
– Petugas membantu,
– Hubungan baik dan kerjasama penderita dengan petugas.

Makanan untuk penderita dengan tekanan darah tinggi.

– Makanan yang diperbolehkan:

– Semua bahan makanan segar atau diolah tanpa garam natrium, seperti beras, kentang, ubi, mie,
maizena, hunkwee, terigu, gula pasir,
– Kacang-kacangan dan hasilnya seperti kacang hijau, kacang merah, kacang tanah, kacang tolo,
tempe, tahu tawar, oncom,
– Minyak goreng, margarin tanpa garam,
– Sayuran dan buah-buahan tawar,
– Bumbu-bumbu seperti bawang merah, bawang putih, jahe, kemiri, kunyit, kencur, laos,
lombok, salam, sere, cukak.

– Bahan makanan yang dibatasi:

Untuk diet rendah garam, penggunaan daging/daging ayam/ikan dibatasi paling banyak 100 gram
per hari. Telur ayam/telur bebek paling banyak 1 butir sehari.
 Fact and myth

1. Blood pressure is not serious

Hypertension certainly can be serious. Without treatment, high blood pressure can increase the
risk of a range of health issues, includingTrusted Source heart attack, stroke, kidney disease,
heart failure, angina, vision loss, sexual dysfunction, and peripheral artery disease.

2. Myth: I feel fine. I don’t have to worry about high blood pressure.

About 103 million U.S. adults have high blood pressure — and many of them don’t know it or
don’t experience typical symptoms. High blood pressure is also a major risk factor for stroke. If
uncontrolled, high blood pressure can lead to serious and severe health problems.

1. Myth: The signs of high blood pressure are obvious.

Fact: High blood pressure has no symptoms.

2. Myth: As long as I don’t add too much salt to my food, I can eat what I want.

Fact: It’s not just table salt you have to worry about.

3. Myth: Drinking coffee can raise blood pressure.

Fact: It generally doesn’t — but alcohol,soda can.

4. Myth: High blood pressure is more common in men.

Fact: It depends on age.

“Before the age of 50, hypertension is more common in men than women, but after menopause, a
woman’s risk increases and can even be higher than a man’s,” Garg says.

5. Myth: I don’t need to worry about blood pressure, if I’m young.

Fact: Although hypertension does affect older people, young people can have it, too.

6. Myth: There’s nothing I can do to prevent high blood pressure, if it runs in my family.

Fact: Lifestyle changes can reduce your risk.

“High blood pressure can run in families — if your parents or close blood relatives have had
high blood pressure, you are more likely to develop it, too,” Garg says. “However, lifestyle
choices have allowed many people with a family history of high blood pressure to avoid it
themselves.”

In addition to following a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight and regular exercise can
have a large impact on reducing blood pressure, according to Garg.

“Significant weight loss can decrease systolic blood pressure by 5 to 20 mm Hg,” he says.
“Exercising for 30 minutes every day can reduce systolic blood pressure by 4 to 9 mm Hg.”

It’s also important to reduce stress and make sure that you are getting enough shut-eye.

“Chronically high levels of stress and inadequate sleep can both contribute to high blood
pressure,” Garg says. “Managing stress and ensuring you get adequate sleep can help reduce
your blood pressure.”
 7. Myth: If I’m on blood pressure medication, I don’t have to exercise or watch what I
eat.

Fact: You still need to continue a healthy lifestyle.

8. Myth: If my blood pressure comes down on medication, I can stop taking it.

Fact: You should continue taking it.

“High blood pressure is a lifelong condition. Medications do not cure hypertension,” Garg says.
“If you stop taking your medications, then your blood pressure will rise again.”

If you have any questions or concerns about your medications or treatment plan for high blood
pressure, talk to your doctor.

How much sodium is too much?

The American Heart Association recommends limiting daily sodium intake no more than 1,500
milligrams. (A teaspoon of salt has about 2,400 milligrams of sodium.) Most people greatly
exceed these sodium guidelines.

How can I reduce my sodium intake?

 Don't use table salt.

 Read nutrition labels and choose foods lower in sodium.
 Choose foods marked "sodium-free," "low sodium," and "unsalted."
 Use salt substitutes (ask your healthcare provider first).
 Don't use lite salt as a substitute.
 Read content labels. (Contents are listed in order of greatest amount.)
 Purchase sodium-free herbs and seasoning mixes like Mrs. Dash®.

What foods are high in sodium?

 Processed foods such as lunch meats, sausage, bacon, and ham.

 Canned soups, bouillon, dried soup mixes.
 Deli meats.
 Condiments (catsup, soy sauce, salad dressings).
 Frozen and boxed mixes for potatoes, rice, and pasta.
 Snack foods (pretzels, popcorn, peanuts, chips).
 Pickled or marinated food in brine. (Vinegar- and lemon juice-based marinades are ok.)

What else should I do to change my diet?

 Avoid alcohol.
 Eat a variety of foods.
 Eat foods high in dietary fiber (whole grain breads, cereals, pasta, fresh fruit, and vegetables).