VITRUVIUS ; Famous slogan of architectural values > Vitruvius’s famous three >
UTILITAS (function? commodity? utility?), FIRMITAS (solidity? materiality?), and
VENUSTAS (beauty? delight? desire?)
• STRUKTUR EKSPOS
• SINTESA BENTUK ARSITEKTURAL &
STRUKTUR
• EXTERIOR & INTERIOR
• DETAIL ARSITEKTURAL
• STRUKTUR & PENCAHAYAAN
• REPRESENTASI DAN SIMBOLISME
• ECO STRUCTURE (STRUKTUR YANG
MENDUKUNG GREEN BUILDING)
STRUKTUR EKSPOS (EXPOSED STRUCTURE)
ARCHITECTURE IN
NEW ZEALAND
Struktur baja, fasad dan
kanopi penahan sinar
matahari diekspos.
Interior dengan elemen
struktur diekspos.
KAMPUS PASCA
SARJANA UBL –
BANDARLAMPUNG
Crematorium,
Baumschulenweg, Berlin,
Germany, Axel Schultes
Architects, 1999
Shell Structure
Fabric Structure
The Khan Shatyr Entertainment Centre -
Kazakh city of Astana, Norman Foster
2006-2010
Catenary Structure
Ribbed Structure
The Reichstag Cupola, Berlin,
Germany, Foster and Partners, 1999.
Arches Structure
Framed Structure
Wall Structure
Faculty of Journalism,
Pamplona, Spain, Vicens
and Ramos, 1996.
Walls visually
dominate the exterior &
define interior..
CONSONANT FORMS
CONTRASTING FORMS
CONTRASTING FORMS
Hôtel du Département,
Marseilles, France, Alsop
& Störmer, 1994
Sruktur gedung
campuran/ gabungan
dari bermacam tipe
struktur (slab, atrium
tranparan, tabung
panjang) > kontras
SINTESA BENTUK
ARSITEKTURAL DAN STRUKTURAL
CONTRASTING FORMS
CONTRASTING FORMS
• AESTHETIC QUALITIES
o Modulation (Pengulangan)
o Depth and texture (Kedalaman dan Tekstur)
o Screening and filtering (Penapisan)
o Structural scale (Skala struktur)
• CONNECTING THE EXTERIOR TO THE INTERIOR
• ENTRY
• EXPRESSIVE ROLES
Modulasi
Yerba Buena Lofts, San Francisco, USA,
Stanley Saitowitz Office/ Natoma Architects,
2002.
Struktur kolom (dinding) dan balok (slab)
diekspresikan pada fasad. Modulasi/
pengulangan yang terjadi diolah dengan
material dan kedalaman yang berbeda.
Structural Scale
Skala struktur sangat mempengaruhi bagaimana exterior struktur
penampilan fasad-nya.
Cathédrale Nôtre Dame de la Treille, Lille, France, Pierre-Louis Carlier architecte, 1997.
A steel filigree structure supports the nave wall.
STRUKTUR DAN EXTERIOR BANGUNAN
Structural Scale
ENTRY
Penempatan dan pengolahan entrance bangunan
sangat penting dalam arsitektur. Hal ini
memberikan peluang yang besar untuk
menampilkan keindahan struktur pada entrance .
STRUKTUR DAN EXTERIOR BANGUNAN
EXPRESSIVE
Sudah lama dikenal bahwa
struktur exterior bangunan
digunakan untuk
mengekpresikan pesan
arsitekturnya ( bisa berupa gaya
arsitektur, fungsi bangunan/
ruang, kesan/image, suasana,
dll)
EXPRESSIVE
EXPRESSIVE
STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI
Oxford Ice Rink, England, Nicholas Grimshaw & Financial Times printing works, London, England,
Partners, 1985. Exterior masts and projecting Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners, 1988. Exterior
horizontal spine beam columns along the main façade
STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI
MAXIMIZING
FUNCTIONALITY AND
FLEXBILITY
Museum of Roman Art, Merida, Spain, Rafael Moneo, 1985. Pemandangan sepanjang hall (struktur
dinding pemikul menjdai pembatas ruang; dan struktur slab lantai, membagi ruang vertikal.
STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI
Public University
of Navarra,
Pamplona, Spain,
Sáenzde Oiza
Arquitectos, 1993.
ARTICULATING CIRCULATION
Struktur sebagai pembetuk ruang sirkulasi sudah dikenal sejak ribuan tahun lalu, seperti
arcade dan colonnade (barisan tiang ). Dengan demikian struktur dapat difungsikan
untuk memperjelas sirkulasi utama.
STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI
ARTICULATING CIRCULATION
Canary Wharf
Underground Station,
London, England,
Foster and Partners,
1999.
Hall tempat pembelian
tiket dengan kolom
sentral dan balok / rusuk
pengarah
Terminal 3, Hamburg
Airport, Germany, von
Gerkan • Marg Partner,
1991.
Kerangka struktur atap
San Cataldo Cemetery, Modena,
memperkuat arah
Italy, Aldo Rossi, 1984.
pergerakan di tempat
Dinding2 spt jajarn tiang membatasi/
keberangkatan.
mengarahkan sirkulasi.
STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI
DISRUPTING FUNCTION
Adakalanya struktur mengganggu
aspek fungsi bangunan, beberapa
arsitek malah sengaja merencanakan
elemen struktur yang terlihat
mengganggu ini.
DISRUPTING FUNCTION
DISRUPTING FUNCTION
SURFACE STRUCTURE
SPATIAL STRUCTURE
EXPRESSIVE STRUCTURE
STRUKTUR DAN INTERIOR
SURFACE STRUCTURE
STRUKTUR DAN INTERIOR
SURFACE
STRUCTURE
STRUKTUR DAN INTERIOR
SPATIAL
STRUCTURE
STRUKTUR DAN INTERIOR
SPATIAL
STRUCTURE
STRUKTUR DAN INTERIOR
SPATIAL STRUCTURE
STRUKTUR DAN INTERIOR
SPATIAL STRUCTURE
STRUKTUR DAN INTERIOR
EXPRESSIVE STRUCTURE
STRUKTUR DAN INTERIOR
EXPRESSIVE STRUCTURE
STRUKTUR DAN DETAIL ARSITEKTURAL
EXPRESSIVE AND
RESPONSIVE DETAILING
STRUKTUR DAN DETAIL ARSITEKTURAL
ARCHITECTURAL FORM
STRUKTUR DAN DETAIL ARSITEKTURAL
BUILDING FUNCTION
STRUKTUR DAN DETAIL ARSITEKTURAL
MATERIAL &
CONSTRUCTION
STRUKTUR DAN DETAIL ARSITEKTURAL
Refined to Utilitarian
STRUKTUR DAN DETAIL ARSITEKTURAL
AESTHETIC QUALITIES OF
DETAILING
Simplex to Complex
STRUKTUR DAN DETAIL ARSITEKTURAL
Simplex to Complex
STRUKTUR DAN DETAIL ARSITEKTURAL
Simplex to Complex
STRUKTUR DAN DETAIL ARSITEKTURAL
PLAIN TO
DECORATIVE
STRUKTUR DAN DETAIL ARSITEKTURAL
PLAIN TO
DECORATIVE
STRUKTUR DAN CAHAYA
SOURCE OF LIGHT
SOURCE OF LIGHT
San Francisco International Airport, USA, Skidmore Owings & Merrill LLP, 2000.
Struktur atap truss ini sebenarnya 2 dimesional, tetapi untuk memberikan sistem pencahayaan
atap yang lebih menarik, pada bagian atap yang terang, struktur truss 2 dimensi di tranfer
menjadi struktur 3 dimensi (spacebeam).
STRUKTUR DAN CAHAYA
SOURCE OF LIGHT
SOURCE OF LIGHT
MAXIMIZING LIGHT
(MEMAKSIMALKAN CAHAYA)
MAXIMIZING LIGHT
School at Waidhausenstraße,
Vienna, Austria, Helmut Richter, 1995.
Penggunaan struktur ringan > struktur balok baja komposit kabel
untuk koridor.
Struktur rangka ruang segitiga untuk konstruksi penahan atap kaca
miring.
STRUKTUR DAN CAHAYA
MAXIMIZING LIGHT
Penetration in structural members
MAXIMIZING LIGHT
Transparent Structure
(Struktur Transparan)
MAXIMIZING LIGHT
Struktur Transparan
MODIFIER OF LIGHT
(MERUBAH CAHAYA)
Intentitas cahaya yang akan dimasukan ke
dalam ruangan sebagai sumber cahaya alami,
kadang-kadang terlalu kuat, ehingga harus di
filter atau direfleksikan/ dipantulkan.
Disini, struktur juga dapat diintegrasikan
dengan fungsi filter /refleksi cahaya.
Filtering
City of Arts and Sciences, Valencia, Spain,
Santiago Calatrava, 1998.
L’Umbracle dg struktur peneduh taman (atas)
Struktur rib dengan rusuk-rusuk sebagai
penyaring (filter) cahaya (bawah)
STRUKTUR DAN CAHAYA
MODIFIER OF LIGHT
Reflecting
MODIFIER OF LIGHT
Reflecting
MODIFIKASI DG CAHAYA
(MODIFIED BY LIGHT)
REPRESENTATION
Natural world
Artifacts
the natural world – areas such as
aeronautical, nautical and
automotive engineering, and
industrial and historic structures,
STRUKTUR > REPRESENTASI DAN SIMBOLISME
REPRESENTATIVE
Anthropomorphic and
zoomorphic – dalam
mengekpresikan bentuk
struktur.
REPRESENTATIVE
Santiago Calavatra;
Wohlen High School -
Switzerland, Entry
Canopy
Anthropomorphic and
zoomorphic – dalam
mengekpresikan bentuk
struktur.
Struktur yang diekspos.
Rusuk-rusuk ini terlihat
sebagai jari tangan
manusia mengekpresikan
kekuatan aliran untuk
menarik kedalam.
STRUKTUR > REPRESENTASI DAN SIMBOLISME
SYMBOLISM
ECO-STRUCTURE
Wood-plastic wall
1. Same processing method to the natural wood.
Clenching,drilling, planing and bonding can be do the wood
plastic composite--wood-plastic wall. It is smooth and no
need to sanding and polishing. Easy paint-adhering and it can
be painted personalized.
2. No-moth-eaten, aging endurance, corrosion resistance,
moisture resistance, temperature endurance, good
performance for punching and pressing, non-formaldehyde,
non-distortion, easy maintenance and long-lasting, whose
lifetime is ten times to the natural wood board in the outdoor
atmosphere.
3. No cracks, no warping, no wood knots, no twill, no stain, no
mildew and other defects.
4. No hazardous substances to man. It can be re-used 100% and
environmental-friendly.
5. Easy to build and no maintenance needed.
ECO-MATERIAL
Wood-plastic composite (WPC) material
WPC is one of the new composite materials, made from wood plastic composite material is based on the
high-density of HDPE and woodiness fiber, which endows it with both the characters of plastic and. This
kind of material processed in this technology is named as WPC boards.
Main characteristics:
1. Easy processing
The similar processing character with wood. It can be sawed, nailed, planed and all those processing
1can be done by common woodworking tools. The nail-holding power is 3 times of common board and
5 times of the planed board.
2. Outstanding strength
WPC contains plastics, which gifts it good elasticity modulus. The surface hardness of WPC is normally 2-
5 times of the common wood.
3. Water resistance, corrosion resistance and long-lasting
Compared with the natural wood, WPC and WPC products are high acid-resistant, water-resistant and
corrosion-resistant. Moreover, it is never bacteria growth, no moth-eaten and no fungi living. It is long
lasting for a more than 50 years’ lifetime.
4. Well adjustable performance
It could also satisfy the anti-aging, anti-static and flame retardant requirements.
5. UV light stability and good color
6. The biggest advantage of WPC is reusing the waste and 100% available for reproduction.
7. Wide raw material sources
8. Various shapes and sizes can be produced as required
The processing method is changed from single-screw extruder to the second generation of conical twin-
screw extruder, then by the initial parallel twin-screw extruder granulation, and then by tapered screw
extruder, which can change the plasticity, aging, creep, single color and poor resistance and poor tensile
strength characteristics.
ECO-MATERIAL
• Glass Flooring
ECO-MATERIAL
• Parking Building
ECO-STRUCTURE
4-Square
Low cost housing – composite
Inaduro
Low cost housing
Moladi
Low cost housing
Decadome
Low cost housing