Tugas 3
Kuliah Semantik Pragmatik
IMA NURHASANAH
NIM 2206114886
Seperti contoh:
Ami : “Ayo dimakan kuenya bu! Kita masih punya banyak, kok.”
Tamu Ibunya Ami : “Wah terlihat sangat enak ya! Siapa yang buat ya
neng?”
Konteks:
Ujaran tersebut dilontarkan oleh Ami terhadap tamu ibunya ketika sedang
bertamu ke rumahnya.
Dengan contoh:
Arif : “Sini aku bawain tasnya, bagasi motorku masih muat ko”
Rifa : “Ga usah, tar kamu repot”
Konteks:
Ujaran tersebut dilakukan ketika Arif dan Rifa teman sekelas yang akan pulang
bersama dari kampus, berlokasi di tempat parkir motor dalam keadaan hujan.
Contoh percakapan di atas merupakan maksim kedermawanan
dikarenakan penutur memaksimalkan keuntungan pihak lain dengan cara
menawarkan untuk dibawakannya tas ke dalam bagasi motor dan membuat
kerugian sebesar mungkin untuk dirinya dengan cara memaksakan
memasukkan barang ke dalam bagasi motornya yang sebetulnya sudah ada
barang lain di dalamnya yang mungkin apabila terdapat barang baru di
masukan ke dalam bagasi tersebut akan membuat bagasinya tidak muat.
Adapun contohnya:
A : “Cantik sekali gaun buatan Designer terkenal itu ya”
B : “Iya aku setuju banget”
Konteks:
Ujaran tersebut dilakukan ketika teman sekelas melihat-lihat gambar desain
baju dari seorang designer terkenal.
Berdasarkan contoh di atas, ujaran yang mengandung maksim pujian
dapat dilakukan ketika penutur mengecam orang lain sesedikit mungkin dan
memuji pihak lain sebanyak mungkin.
Konteks:
Seseorang mengajak temannya untuk mampir ke rumah dia.
Contoh ujaran tersebut mengandung maksim pujian karena memenuhi
kriteria maksimnya. Pada ujaran dan konteks di atas penutur memuji dirinya
sendiri sesedikit mungkin dan mengecam diri sendiri sebanyak mungkin
dengan mengatakan bahwa rumahnya adalah gubuk. Padahal pada
kenyataannya dimungkinkan rumahnya bukanlah sebuah gubuk.
Contoh:
Reno: “Ih ruangannya gerah banget!”
Roro: “Iya, remote AC mana ya?”
Konteks:
Percakapan di atas dilakukan pada suatu ruangan oleh dua orang siswa yang
saling merasa kepanasan.
Berdasarkan contoh di atas, maksim kesetujuan akan terlaksana jika para
peserta pertuturan menyetujui apa yang sedang dipermasalahkan. Ujaran di
atas membahas mengenai ruangan yang membuat orang di dalamnya gerah dan
mitra tutur menyetujui ujaran tersebut dengan menjawab untuk mencari solusi
agar permasalahan terpecahkan.
f. Maksim Simpati (Symphaty Maxim)
Maksim simpati adalah maksim yang dilakukan ketika para peserta
tuturan memaksimalkan rasasimpati antar petutur supaya menciptakan
kesantunan dalam berbahasa. Maksim ini mengurangi rasa antipati pada diri
sendiri sekecil mungkin dan meningkatkan rasa simpati kepada orang lain
sebanyak mungkin.
Contohnya:
Ayu : “Sri, ayahku meninggal”
Sri : “Turut berduka cita ya Ayu atas meninggalnya ayahmu”
Konteks:
Mereka berdua sedang berada pada ruangan yang sama dan mengetahui
ayahnya Ayu meninggal dunia, kemudian Sri menjawab duka cita tersebut.
Dari contoh di atas terpenuhinya maksim simpati yang dilakukan oleh
penutur ketika menjawab tuturan yang mengandung hal yang dirasa butuh akan
rasa simpati seperti adanya berita orang meninggal dunia.
3. Metode Penelitian
3.1 Data dan Sumber Data
Data dalam penelitian ini berupa ujaran yang mengandung kesantunan.
Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ujaran di dalam video wawancara
bersama Direktur Pelaksana IMF usai KTT G20 di Bali tahun 2022, berdurasi 10,16
detik yang diunggah di YouTube.. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini
sebanyak 5 data berupa ujaran.
3.2 Penyajian Data dan Teknik Analisis
Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode simak
dan teknik catat. Metode simak merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk
memperoleh data dengan melakukan penyimakkan terhadap penggunaan bahasa
(Mahsun, 2014:92). Teknik catat merupakan teknik lanjutan dari metode simak,
dilakukan dengan mencatat beberapa bentuk data yang relevan dengan penelitian
yang dilakukan dari pengguna bahasa secara tertulis (Mahsun, 2014: 93). Penelitian
ini dilakukan dengan menyimak dalam video wawancara bersama Direktur
Pelaksana IMF usai KTT G20 di Bali tahun 2022. Kemudian dianalisis
menggunakan metode padan (Sudaryanto. 2015:16)
4. Analisis
Hasil analisis yang penulis temukan dari ke 5 data yang ditemukan dalam
video wawancara bersama Direktur Pelaksana IMF usai KTT G20 di Bali tahun
2022adalah sebagai berikut:
4.1 Maksim Pujian
Berdasarkan video wawancara tersebut, ditemukan 3 dari 5 data berupa
ujaran yang mengandung maksim pujian yang mana merupakan jumlah terbanyak
dari semua maksim yang ditemukan pada video wawancara bersama Direktur
Pelaksana IMF usai KTT G20 di Bali pada tahun 2020. Ujaran tersebut adalah
“You have achieved what was thought to be impossible to help leaders to agree on
a joint statement to the world and to use their time to focus on the most difficult
problems, slowing growth, high inflation, the food and energy insecurity in many
places high level of that.” Yang konteks nya adalah ketika reporter Kompas TV
bertanya kepada Direktur IMF mengenai tanggapan penyelenggaraan G20 di Bali
dan rekomendasinya untuk Indonesia. Kemudian Direktur IMF berujar dan
memberikan pendapatnya. Dalam ujaran tersebut mengandung jenis maksim
pujian. Hak tersebut dapat dilihat dari kata “you have achieved….”. dari
percakapan tersebut keduanya tidak sedang saling mengejek atau merendahkan
pihak lain bahkan mitra tutur mengatakan kata pujian tersebut untuk Indonesia.
Selain ujaran tersebut adapun maksim pujian terdapat pada ujaran “This
Gloomy Horizon has some bright spots Indonesia is one of them.“ dengan konteks
ketika reporter bertanya mengenai bagaimana Direktur IMF menghadapi masalah invasi
Russia ke Ukraina dan fakta bahwa Rusia dan negara-negara G20 bertentangan dengan
masalah tersebut. Ujaran ini diduga termasuk ke dalam maksim pujian karena para
peserta pertuturan tidak saling mengejek, saling mencaci. Direktur IMF memuji
Indonesia dengan mengatakan bahwa Indonesia termasuk dari salah satu negara
yang memiliki secercah harapan untuk bangkit dari keterpurukana akibat Covid-19
dan masalah dunia lainnya yang sudah dan sedang dihadapi.
Kemudian pada ujaran “What is the strength of Indonesia? reforms. You
have made the economy much more competitive often for investors your fiscal
position is very good and you also benefited from terms of trait because you are
exporter of commodities where prices went went up … “ dengan konteks ketika
Direktur IMF menjawab pertanyaan dari reporter Kompas TV mengenai resesi yang
diperkirakan terjadi pada tahun 2023. Ujaran tersebut mengandung maksim pujian
karena Direktur IMF mengatakan bahwa Indonesia mempunyai kelebihan
dibandingkan dengan negara lain karena Indonesia dapat membuat ekonomi lebih
kompetitif, terbuka untuk investor dan posisi fisiknya sangat bagus. Maka dari itu,
dengan pilihan-pilihan kata yang digunakan dalam ujaran tersebut menujukkan
bahwa pertuturan tersebut mengandung maksim pujian.
Barus, Reni Sagita BR. (2022). Analisis Ketidaksantunan Berbahsa Pada Berita Online
Tentang Ancaman Penyebaran Omicron “Pandemi Covid-19”; Analisis
Pragmatik. Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara.
Chaer, Abdul, Leonie Agustine. (2004). Sosiolinguistik Perkenalan Awal. Rineka Cipta.
Maria, Ana. (2016). Analisis Kesantunan Berbahasa Pada Laporan Wawancara Yang
Ditulis Siswa Kelas VIII Di SMP Negeri 1 Teras. Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta.
Ngalim, Abdul. (2013). Sosiolinguistik Suatu Kajian Fungsional dan Analisisnya. PBSID
FKIP UMS.
Sudaryanto. (2015). Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa. Senata Dharma University
Press.
H: Until today so any final statement to Indonesia and the presidency the G20 or
any recommendations for us?
K: Congratulations to Indonesia and terima kasih to the president for bringing us
together.You have achieved what was thought to be impossible to help leaders to
agree on a joint statement to the world and to use their time to focus on the most
difficult problems, slowing growth, high inflation, the food and energy insecurity
in many places high level of that. So we have done a lot to bring consensus on these
issues. Thanks to The Summit in Bali.
H: All right, so what about the Russia infection to Ukraine and the fact that Russia
and the G7 countries are often at odds. How do you handle the conflict among the
IMF members?
K: The message President Widodo pass to the world it was very clear and the war.
It may be a war in Ukraine far away from Indonesia but it has affected the economy
of all Nations and this is a message that I hope will be carried forward in the days
and weeks ahead. For us IMF, we have 190 members and we have worked hard to
keep them together because the challenges they face are extraordinary. We have
lived in short three years through shock upon shock upon shock we had covid,
covid took away a lot of wealth from the world the equivalent of over five percent
of our Global GDP. We then have the war in Ukraine it has pushed prices especially
energy and foot up causing inflation and then to respond to inflation central banks
are tightening financial conditions in other words rates are going up. That is causing
cost of living crisis. And as you know very well in Indonesia climate change is
already hitting us we have had a number of climate disasters on all continents, so
in that context what we have seen is extraordinary we were recovering from covet
Global growth went up to 6,21% in 2021 and then abruptly went down 3,2% this
year down further 2,7% in 2023. This Gloomy Horizon has some bright spots
Indonesia is one of them.
H: All right! Now let's we talk about the recession that will be predicted come in
2023. Do you think that Indonesia has a big and strong enough capital to deal with
it?
K: I am confident that Indonesia would come through the year ahead in a much
stronger position than most of the world. We are projecting for this year 22 5,3% in
Indonesia uh and for next year slightly slower growth at 5% uh still almost two
times higher than than we have uh for the rest of the world. What is the strength of
Indonesia? reforms. You have made the economy much more competitive often
for investors your fiscal position is very good and you also benefited from terms of
trait because you are exporter of commodities where prices went went up but on top
of this good actions you have vibrant young population and that is a huge benefit
for Indonesia. Of course despite all this strength of Indonesia the economy is going
to be affected by the slowdown elsewhere U.S is slowing down China is slowing
down the European Union is slowing down this simultaneous slowing slowed down
of large economies that are importers of Indonesian products of course is going to
affect you much less than many other countries.
H: All right, so the China economy is expected to slow remarkably it seems very
challenging in the near term. So how it will impact in Asia especially for the
emerging economic countries like Indonesia as we know the Indonesia and China
has a relation to China is a big export market for Indonesia.
K: Of course a slowdown in China is not only bad for the Chinese people it is bad
for Asia it is bad for the world. We used to rely for about 40% of global growth on
Chinese is growth no more this year we are likely to see China finishing the air with
around 3,2-3,4%growth next year 4,4% growth this is far from what Chinese growth
is to be the countries have to adjust to a Chinese economy that inevitably would
would be on a slower growth path not only because of the current difficulties due
to covet restrictions to the real estate sector in China being in trouble but also
because China is aging it doesn't have the capacity to grow that it had say a decade
ago. What does it mean for Indonesia? Well first, build more bridges with the other
asean countries. There is space for us to grow together. Second, there is a lot and
Indonesia can do to generate more domestic production and consumption there is
plenty you can do for example for the green economy, making renewable energy
available everywhere in this large country is a huge job creation opportunity and
three, Indonesia can seek to be more of an exporter than an importer and in fact this
is already happening. China Indonesia used to be you know China Imports a lot
from Indonesia exports not that that much now there is more balance in that regard.
H: All right, do you expect a storyboard afterwards, so how do you see the China's
medium-term growth?
K: I'm sorry
H: Do you expect it to reborn afterwards about the China's economy so and how do
you see the China's medium term growth now?
K: Yeah well the the way we see uh China is uh it it will continue to be a very
significant factor in the world economy of course because it is uh large and more
Diversified today what we are hoping China would do is to pursue reforms that so
far has served the country really well and I would point to three areas where China
can do more. One, to make state-owned Enterprises and private Enterprises operate
on the same ground eliminate some of the privileges that state-owned enterprises
enjoy that increases competition makes the economy more vibrant. Two, China is
uh still in a position to pursue more openness they are still part of the Chinese
economy that are somewhat protected. China can do more in that regard and of
course three, China can be faster to adjust its policies to changing circumstances we
have seen in the case of Covid that China retained zero Covid-19 policy for a long
time. Now they have started to recalibrate it that could have been done a bit earlier.
H: All right the inflation rates food prices energy prices there are still a big
challenges for Indonesia in 2023 so what economic policy actions that Asia
especially for the emerging economy like Indonesia need to take to address the
crisis?
K: The oil and gas crisis is due to the world in Ukraine primarily and therefore
every effort should be made end the war, but beyond that it is important for
countries to allow the market to function and send a signal to consumers and
producers to be more energy efficient. If we compress the price if we try to keep it
low all we do is we encourage more consumption and more consumption is more
pressure on prices upward and the other very important measure measure for
governments is to identify who are the most vulnerable in their society. And direct
support to them not to everybody. Rich people should rejecting energy subsidies
for their perception.
H: All right thank you so much Madame Kristalina Georgiva for your time in this
interview with Kompas TV. Hope you always stay healthy and success for all of us
and enjoy Bali as well
K: Thank you very much thank you!