MATERI 9

ENDOCRYNOLOGY
KEBUNTINGAN DAN KELAHIRAN
MK. ILMU REPRODUKSI

LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK

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FAPET UB
 SUB POKOK BAHASAN
• Hormon yang berperan dalam kebuntingan
(Progesteron, estrogen, PGF2 alfa, Prolaktin )
• Perubahan hormonal selama kebuntingan
• Perubahan hormonal menjelang dan selama
kelahiran (meliputi progesteron, estrogen,
pgf2 alfa dan oxitocin)
• Proses kelahiran

LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK

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FAPET UB
Proses Implantasi

Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 3

 Hormon selama kebuntingan
Mare Ewe Cow, Sow,Goat

PLACENTA CORPUS LUTEUM

Progesteron

UTERUS
Progesteron

Prolactin
PLASENTA PREGNANCY Untuk produksi susu

Estrogen
Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 4
 Beberapa teori yang menginduksi
Partus
Volume uterus  meningkat
Hormon PGF2α  Meningkat
• Hormon Progesteron  Turun
• Hormon Estrogen  Naik
• Miometrium  semakin sensitif kontraksi
• Oxytosin  diproduksi

Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 5

 Aktivasi fetus
• Fetus menghasilkan Corticosteroid 
menyebabkan turunnya progesteron 
peningkatan estrogen dan keluarnya PGF2α
 menyebabkan myometrium kontraksi

Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 6

Perubahan saat bunting menyebabkan
kelahiran

Relaxed Closed
PREGNANCY

Myometrial Cervical
Excitement PRE LABOR Ripening

Contractile Dilatation
LABOR

Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 7

 Tahapan Melahirkan :
1. Dilatation of Cervix
• Uterus mengalami kontraksi
• Periode : Dimulai dari kontraks uterus sampai
uterus mengalami dilatasi, juga vagina.
• Induk ingin merebah, nafas frekuensi
meningkat.
• Perubahan posisi fetus

Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 8

 2. Keluarnya fetus
• Uterus dan perut kontraksi keras.
• Periode : Servik membuka luas dan fetus bisa
keluar.
• Induk merejan, Plasenta pecah, cairan keluar.

Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 9

 3. Keluarnya Plasenta
• Kontraksi uterus mulai menurun
• Keluarnya fetus diikuti plasenta
• Plasenta terlepas dari endometrium
• Keluar plasenta

Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 10

 Hormonal Control of Gestation

Progesterone - Main Hormone

-Causes uterine quiescence and histotroph production

Sources of Progesterone During Gestation

Gestation

Sheep - CL to day 50 then placenta 148 days

Can remove CL after day 50 and not cause abortion
Cow - CL throughout. However, after 280 days
~ day 215 placenta and adrenal
produce enough progesterone to
maintain pregnancy

Sow - All from CL 114 days

Remove CL atLABORATORIUM
any time causes
REPRODUKSI
FAPET UB
abortion
TERNAK
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 Gestation
Mare - 1st CL produces progesterone up to 337 days
~ 180 days, FSH stimulates follicles
growth and eCG (PMSG) causes CL's to form
from follicles. They secrete progesterone
and are active from day 40-180.
Progesterone is low until 270 days - rises
in last 5 months due probably to placental
progesterone production.
PMSG - Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin
Now call eCG
Origin is Endometrial cups

Endometrial cups form from invasion of the chorionic

girdle cells surround the spherical placenta of mare.
These invade into the uterine endometrium on Days
30 to 35 of gestation to form
LABORATORIUM the ulcer-like
REPRODUKSI TERNAK cups. 12
FAPET UB
 Hormonal Changes that Control Parturition
Hypothalamus Corticotropic Releasing
Hormone CRF
Fetal anterior
Steps Time of parturition is
pituitary gland
Fetal ACTH causes - controlled by maturation
Adrenalcorticotropic of the hypothalamus-
Fetal Corticosteroids pituitary-adrenal axis
Hormone (ACTH)
causes -
Removal Blocks Parturition
Progesterone levels Infusion
placental production induces Stimulates
or CL regression) - oxytocin receptor
parturition Fetal in myometrium
Production of Estrogens Adrenal
by placenta - Estrogen
Corticosteroid (Increase)
PGF2 production by
uterus -
Glucocorticoid Progesterone
Pine-needle abortion in
(Decrease)
cattle - cause by a
corticosteroid-like product Prostaglandin
Redrawn from Liggins,
LABORATORIUM G.C.TERNAK
REPRODUKSI F2
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1969. In FoetalFAPET UB
Autonomy (Increase)
Hormonal changes cause:
Cortisol - stimulates lung surfactant
1. Final maturation of fetus
Initiates parturition
2. Expansion of birth canal and lung development

3. Maternal behavior

4. Synthesis and ejection of

milk

5. Initiation of uterine
contractions

6. Termination of pregnancy

Fescue toxicity problems: Prolactin completes final

Ergot causes inhibition of mammary development
prolactin release and thus and milk secretion
milk production
LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK
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FAPET UB
Significance of initial hormonal changes

Progesterone - removes block on uterine contractions.

Allows myometrial muscle fibers to work together in bundles

Estrogen - makes uterus more responsive to induction of

contractions i.e., more irritable and smooth
muscle tissue stimulation. Induction of
oxytocin receptors
Events just Prior to Parturition:

1. Pelvic ligaments soften - Tail head sinks due to estrogens

and relaxin.

2. Cervix softens and begins secreting stringy mucus - estrogens

and relaxin.
Increased water content in cervical tissue and
cervical plug is removed
LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK
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FAPET UB
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