GIS EKSPLORASI/PERTAMBANGAN
SESI 02 - PETA
Penggunaan elipsoid dan geoid dalam studi kebumian berbeda tergantung dengan tujuan dari
studi yang akan dilaksanakan.
PERMUKAAN BUMI MENJADI PETA
Permukaan Bumi:
▪ Bidang lengkung
▪ Bidang tidak beraturan
▪ Bidang yang luas
▪ Mempunyai bentuk dan luas yang tidak tetap,
karena sangat tergantung kepada proses alamiah
yang terjadi di dalam bumi
Peta:
▪ Bidang datar
▪ Bidang beraturan
▪ Bidang yang terbatas luasnya
▪ Mempunyai bentuk dan luas yang tetap
FLAT EARTH?
APA ITU
PETA?
• A map is graphic representation of part of the earth’s surface.
• A map contains a series of layers or coverage which are often combined to form
the final product.
• A map is a set of points, lines, and areas that are defined both by their location in
space with reference to a coordinate system and by their non-spatial attributes.
• The map legend is the key linking the non-spatial attributes to the spatial entities.
APA ITU
PETA?
• A map can be considered as a geospatial information system that gives the answers to many
questions concerning the area dipected:
• The distances between points
• The positions of points in respect of each other
• The size of areas
• The nature of distribution patterns
• It is not possible to get an overview of an area in any way other than by consulting a map.
APA ITU
PETA?
• A cartographic representation of
specifically chosen spatial information.
Oxford Dictionary of Geography
• The information is transmitted through
images constructed from symbols.
• May be represented on:
• A computer screen,
• Visual (analog maps),
• Braille
• Verbally through spoken description
PROYEKSI PETA
The purpose of a map projection is to
represent features on the Earth’s surface
as accurately as possible in relationship to
the spatial properties of shape, area, scale
and direction.
Map projections that preserve these
properties are known as conformal, equal-
area, equidistant and azimuthal
respectively.
Some level of distortion is always present
in a map projection. By definition, they are
a compromise of error and distortion.
PROYEKSI PETA
• Why, then, are these projections used at all?
• Enormous value to a navigator with a
straightedge
• Map projections distort five geographic
relationships:
• Areas
• Angles
• Gross shapes
• Distances
• Directions
PROYEKSI PETA
Although it became natural Although it’s
for us to use this map in our represented in a
daily lives, initially those planisphere as an
maps based on the Mercator ellipse, the central areas
Projection were meant to be are precise, but the side
used at sea. areas are distorted.
• Legenda
Graphic symbols complement map scale and projection by making visible the features, places, and
other locational information represented on the map.
UNSUR PETA: SKALA
SKALA BESAR SKALA SEDANG SKALA KECIL
UKURAN Menyajikan gambar dalam Menyajikan gambar dalam Hanya dapat menyajikan data
GAMBAR ukuran besar ukuran semi rinci dalam ukuran kecil
IMPLIKASI Data topografi dapat Mulai adanya pengelompokkan Tingkat penyederhaaan
digambarkan rinci: data: semakin besar
▪ Batas pekarangan rumah ▪ Beberapa rumah menjadi (pengelompokkan data):
dapat digambar jelas permukiman ▪ Luas daerah/kota tidak
▪ Lebar jalan digambar sesuai ▪ Lebar jalan disederhanakan dapat digambarkan rinci,
ukuran (digambar dengan satu garis) diwakili dengan simbol titik
SKALA PETA ▪ 1:10.000 ▪ 1:250.000 ▪ 1:500.000
▪ 1:5.000 ▪ 1:100.000 ▪ 1:1000.000
▪ 1:1.000 ▪ 1:50.000
▪ 1:500 ▪ 1:25.000
PENGGUNAAN Untuk keperluan teknis: Untuk pemetaan dasar topografi Umumnya digunakan untuk
• Site plan nasional ATLAS
• Perencanaan sistem jaringan
• PBB
• Pertanahan
KONSEP DASAR
PEMETAAN
4M
▪ Measuring (Pengukuran).
▪ Mapping (Pemetaan).
▪ Monitoring (Pengecekan).
▪ Modelling (Pemodelan).