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Week

04

Teknik Industri – Universitas Indonesia


ENIE600008

Faktor Manusia dalam


Rekayasa dan Desain
Ir. Boy Nurtjahyo Moch. MSIE - Billy Muhamad Iqbal, S.Ds., M.T.
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS
(Konsep Dasar Antropometri)

anthropo + metry
“man/human” “measurement”

pengukuran dan penggunaan dimensi manusia


:: antropometri
Introduksi

cabang dari sains yang dikembangkan dari


antropologi yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan
dimensi fisik dari tubuh manusia
:: engineering anthropometry
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS
(Konsep Dasar Antropometri)

anthropometry
statics functional
(physical)
Introduksi

studi mengenai pengukuran terhadap fisik/dimensi


tubuh manusia dalam keadaan statis
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS
(Konsep Dasar Antropometri)

anthropometry
statics functional
(physical)
Introduksi

studi mengenai pengukuran terhadap fisik/dimensi


tubuh manusia yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan atau
pekerjaan tertentu yang dilakukan manusia
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
( Penggunaan Konsep Antropometri)

Antropometri dan Kebutuhannya

Need for Human Centered Design:


:: human physical variation
:: design optimization
Introduksi

:: safety concern
:: health concern
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
( Penggunaan Konsep Antropometri)

Antropometri dan Aplikasinya

aplikasi terhadap desain:


:: tools design
:: consumer product
Introduksi

:: workplace
:: interior
:: household appliance
:: office equipment
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
( Penggunaan Konsep Antropometri)

Antropometri dan Konsep Persentil


Anthropometri

:: umum digunakan: persentil 5, persentil 95,


persentil 50 (median)

Semakin kecil sistem/benda, semakin tidak dapat


digunakan oleh pengguna yang besar
:: lower-limit dimension

Semakin besar sistem/benda semakin tidak dapat


digunakan oleh pengguna yang kecil
:: upper-limit dimension
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
( Penggunaan Konsep Antropometri)

Antropometri dan Konsep Persentil


Anthropometri
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
( Penggunaan Konsep Antropometri)

Konsep Persentil 5
Anthropometri
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
( Penggunaan Konsep Antropometri)

Konsep Persentil 50
Anthropometri
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
( Penggunaan Konsep Antropometri)

Konsep Persentil 95
Anthropometri
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Antropometri dan Konsep Persentil
Anthropometri
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Static Anthropometri
Ukuran Antropometri
• Stature (height) • Elbow rest height,
• Eye height sitting
• Shoulder height • Thigh clearance height
• Elbow height • Knee height, sitting
• Knuckle height • Buttock-knee distance,
• Height, sitting sitting
• Eye height, sitting • Popliteal height, sitting
• Chest depth
• Elbow-elbow breadth
• Hip breadth, sitting
• weight
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Ukuran Antropometri
Static Anthropometri

height
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Ukuran Antropometri
Static Anthropometri
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Ukuran Antropometri
Static Anthropometri
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Data Antropometri
Static Anthropometri
Dynamic Anthropometri
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Tipe Gerakan
• Flexion - Bending
• Extension - Extending, straightening
• Adduction - Movement toward midline
• Abduction - Movement away from midline
• Lateral rotation - Rotation outward
• Medial rotation - Rotation inward
• Pronation - Rotation downward
• Supination - Rotation upward
Dynamic Anthropometri
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Tipe Gerakan
• Prone length, height
• Squatting height
• Overhead reach
• Thumb-tip reach
• Standing forward reach
• Standing lateral reach
Dynamic Anthropometri
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Ukuran Antropometri

Right Hand Grasping Reach Envelope


Dynamic Anthropometri
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Ukuran Antropometri
Dynamic Anthropometri
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Ukuran Antropometri
Dynamic Anthropometri
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Ukuran Antropometri
Dynamic Anthropometri
Ukuran Antropometri
Dynamic Anthropometri
Dynamic Anthropometri
Ukuran Antropometri
Dynamic Anthropometri
Ukuran Antropometri
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Antropometri dan Desain

:: Design For Extremes


:: Design For Average
Anthropometri

:: Design For Adjustabilities


ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Antropometri dan Desain
Anthropometri
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Antropometri dan Desain
gunakan salah satu nilai dari titik distribusi
(persentil 5 atau 95)
:: design for extremes
Anthropometri

gunakan nilai tengah dari distribusi populasi


tetapi persentil terbesar dan terkecil tidak dapat
terakomodasi
:: design for average (worst approach)

penekanan pada konsep bahwa semua pengguna


dianggap sama dan benda dapat disesuaikan
dengan kebutuhan pengguna
:: design for adjustability (preferred method)
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Antropometri dan Desain
:: data antropometri paling sering digunakan
untuk menentukan dimensi jangkauan dan jarak
Anthropometri

Nilai patokan yang paling sering digunakan


:: jangkauan menggunakan persentil 5 wanita,
jarak menggunakan perentil 95 pria

:: tampung sebanyak mungkin populasi pengguna


dengan batasan tertentu
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Antropometri dan Desain

variasi dari penggunaan nilai


persentil
Anthropometri

:: 5-95 – typical
:: 25-75 – less critical function or
infrequent use
:: 1-99 – more critical functions
(safety or cost consideration)
:: 0.01 – 99.99 – risk of severe
outcomes
ANTHROPOMETRY CONCEPTS USE
Anthropometry Design Guidelines
:: tentukan produk/sistem yang akan dirancang,
kemudian tentukan dimensi – dimensi kritis yang
berpengaruh terhadap desain dengan
Anthropometri

mempertimbangkan efektivitas, keamanan dan


kenyamanan dalam menggunakan produk
:: tentukan dimensi tubuh yang berkaitan
:: pilih populasi pengguna yang akan
menggunakan produk atau tempat kerja
:: lakukan studi acuan untuk mendapatkan data
sekunder jika memungkinkan atau lakukan
pengukuran
:: pilih persentil
Design Guidelines Application
Workplace Design

Penentuan tinggi
permukaan kerja dari
tinggi siku lengan
Anthropometri

Sesuaikan permukaan
kerja dengan
pekerjaan yang
dilakukan
Design Guidelines Application
Workplace Design
Anthropometri

Provide a comfortable chair for the seated operator


Provide adjustability in the seat
Encourage postural flexibility
Design Guidelines Application

Anthropometri
Design Guidelines Application

Anthropometri
Design Guidelines Application

Anthropometri
Design Guidelines Application
Workplace Design
Anthropometri
Design Guidelines Application

Anthropometri
Design Guidelines Application

Anthropometri
Design Guidelines Application
Workplace Design
• Provide anti-fatigue mats for a standing operator
• Locate all tools and materials within the normal
working area
• Fix location for all tools and materials to permit
Anthropometri

the best sequence


• Use gravity bins and drop delivery to reduce reach
and move times
• Arrange tools, controls, and other components
optimally, to minimize motions
Design Guidelines Application
Workplace Design
Anthropometri
Design Guidelines Application
Workplace Design
Anthropometri
Design Guidelines Application
Workplace Design
Anthropometri
Design Guidelines Application

Anthropometri
Design Guidelines Application
“gravity bin”
Anthropometri
Design Guidelines Application
Machine and Equipment Design
• Take multiple cuts by combining or arranging devices
• Locate all control devices for best operator accessibility and
strength capability
• Use a fixture instead of the hand as a holding device
Use indicator lights to get the attention of the worker
Anthropometri


• display information appropriately
• Use acoustic signals for warnings
• Use shape, texture, and size coding for tactual
identification
• Use proper control size, displacement and
resistance
• Insure proper compatibility between controls
and displays
Design Guidelines Application
Machine and Equipment Design
Anthropometri

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