Menulis Systematic

review
PUDJI LESTARI
DEPARTEMEN IKM-KP FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNAIR
EMAIL: PULESAJA@GMAIL.COM HP 0818371734
What is a
systematic review?
SYSTEMATIC: Done or acting according to a
fixed plan or system: methodical

REVIEW: A critical appraisal of a book, play or

other work
What is a
systematic review?
“A systematic review is a review in which
there is a comprehensive search for
relevant studies on a specific topic, and
those identified are then appraised and
synthesized according to a
predetermined and explicit method.”
(Klassen et al. Guides for reading and interpreting systematic reviews.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998;152:700-704.)
Literature review Systematic review
 Membahas satu  Berusaha menjawab
pertanyaan spesifik dalam satu
aspek/bagian bidang bidang ilmu
ilmu, tanpa  Co : Apakah methadone
pertanyaan. replacement lebih efektif
dalam penanganan adiksi
 Co : Penggunaan heroin pada remaja
methadone dibandingkan dengan tanpa
replacement untuk replacement ?
adiksi heroin pada  https://www.cochrane.org/CD
002209/ADDICTN_methadone-
remaja maintenance-therapy-versus-
no-opioid-replacement-
therapy
Cara mencari jurnal
Literature review Systematic review
Jurnal /artikel dicari  Mencari artikel dalam
dalam data based data based secara
tanpa metode systematic dengan
tertentu, yang penting metode tertentu sesuai
relevan dengan topic tujuan pertanyaan
yang sedang ditulis.  Contoh: menggunakan
MeSH term yang sesuai,
hanya memasukkan RCT,
dalam lima tahun
terakhir.
Cara menilai/meresume jurnal

Literature review Systematic review

 Menggunakan tool
Tidak spesifik, Dibaca
dan diresume sesuai tertentu dan
dikerjakan secara
alur dan sudut subyektif (biasanya
pandang penulis , lebih dari satu
peneliti).
 Contoh Tool :
MMAT2018;NOSGEN
 Prisma; Cochran
(membership)
Jumlah jurnal (for decent one)

lebih dari 100 jurnal, Biasanya kurang dari 30,

lebih banyak lebih sering kali kurang dari
bagus 10 karena harus
memenuhi kriteria inklusi

Literature review Systematic review

Beda dengan Meta analisis

Bila analisis heterogenitas jurnal

dan resume jurnal menggunakan
statistik maka systematic review
disebut meta analisis.
Lima langkah menulis Systematic
review
1. Menemukan pertanyaan
2. Menetapkan protocol pencarian jurnal yang
sesuai
3. Melakukan penilaian jurnal
4. Meresume Jurnal
5. Menarik kesimpulan
Step 1 . Menemukan Pertanyaan

 Yang biasanya merupakan kontroversi (dalam

pengobatan)
Contoh :
length of maintenance antipsychotic treatment in
schizophrenia;
The use of antidepressants in minor depression;
Hallucinogen psilocybin in magic mushroom
for depression, anxiety and addiction ;
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for schizophrenia ;
Deep brain stimulation for OCD
The PICO’s

Source :
https://libguides.ul.ie/c.php?g=328865&p=2208907
Length of maintenance
antipsychotic treatment in
schizophrenia
P : schizophrenia patients (age ?/sex?)
I : anti psychotic treatment for how long ?
(10 year ? 15 year?)
C : compare to how long (1 year / 5
year?)
 O:Quality of life ?, frekuensi gaduh
gelisah?, Koherensi ? Insight?
the use of Corticosteroid on DHF

P :penderita DHF dewasa muda di

Surabaya
I : corticosteroid dosis tinggi
C : tanpa corticosteroid
O : kadar trombosit/ tensi/nadi
Step 2 : Set up protocol for
searching the journal
 Tetapkan kata kunci
 Tetapkan rentang waktu
 Tetapkan data base
 Tetapkan bahasa
 Gunakan MeSH term
 Gunakan Boolean logic
Boolean Logic: AND

this is AND zone, covering common area

between two ellipses
Boolean Logic OR

this is boolean OR, covering the two

ellipses
Contoh :

 Electronic searches were performed using the PubMed (1 January

1990–1 July 2015), LILACS (1 January 1990–1 July 2015) and SciELO (1
January 1990–1 July 2015) databases.
 The following key words were used: ayahuasca OR psilocybin OR
lysergic acid diethylamide AND anxiety OR depression OR
dependence. References were retrieved through searching
electronic databases and manual searches through reference lists
of identified literature. All studies published in English, Spanish, and
Portuguese up to 1 July 2015 were included.
Set up protocol for searching the
journal
 Contoh :
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/1465
1858.CD002209.pub2/full
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4910400
/
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5241490
/
Trick : How to use the MeSH term

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GGhgbwU9Cs
Step 2. Mengidentifikasi Jurnal2
yang relevan
 RCT’s
 Perlakuan yang spesifik
 Symptom yang diinginkan
 Alat ukur yang diinginkan
 Ketersediaan
Contoh :
Step 3. Menilai kualitas Jurnal

 http://mixedmethodsappraisaltoolpublic.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/
127916259/MMAT_2018_criteria-manual_2018-08-01_ENG.pdf
 https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/c.php?g=158178&p=1035917
 http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/nosgen.pdf

 CONSORT (keseluruhan Jurnal)

 http://www.consort-statement.org/checklists/view/32--consort-
2010/66-title
Step 4. Meresume

 Tanpa statistic : systematic review

Author/studi n (jumlah sample) Intervensi Comparasi Outcome

 Dengan statistic : Forest plot, Funnel plot

(meta analisis )
Diskusi

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Narrative-synthesis-framework-Modifi-ed-from-14-41_fig2_232612227
Step 5 Menarik kesimpulan

 Menjawab PICO, dengan spectrum dan konteks

 Methadone is an effective maintenance therapy

intervention for the treatment of heroin dependence as
it retains patients in treatment and decreases heroin use
better than treatments that do not utilize opioid
replacement therapy. It does not show a statistically
significant superior effect on criminal activity or mortality.
Futher reading

 http://dal.ca.libguides.com/systematicreviews/appraisal
 https://www.ccace.ed.ac.uk/research/software-
resources/systematic-reviews-and-meta-analyses
 https://lib.guides.umd.edu/SR/steps