SOURCES OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

Part 1
AL-ADILLAT AL-QATIYYAH (absolutely sure arguments)

1. THE QURAN (absolute & final authority)

2. THE SUNNAH (explanation of the Quran)

Sources of Islamic Civilization

Part 2
AL-ADILLAT AL-IJTIHADIAH (analyzed arguments)

3. AL IJMA (unanimous agreement of the muslim community)

4. AL QIYAS (reasoning)

Sources of Islamic Civilization

QURAN AL KAREEM

Definition: The word Quran is an infinitive noun from the word qaraa means; The Recitation
(al lafzul arabi, al munazzal ala Nabi s.a.w, al mu jizu bi suratin minhu, al manqul tawaturan, al mutaabbun bi tilawatihi)

Reference site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur'an

What do you know about al-Quran?

E17,E18
Guidance Mukjizat terbesa Diwahyukan kpd nabi Muhammad Makkiah & Madaniyyah Nama lain al-Furqan 114 surah 6666 ayat Dibukukan di zaman Uthman Surah terpanjang al-Baqarah Ayat pertama iqra Al-fatihah ummul kitab Dlm bahasa Arab Membacanya mendapat pahala Dapat menenangkan jiwa Ayat pertama di gua hira Surat yang tiada bismillah atTaubah Kitab terakhir Tidak akan berubah Kalamullah Menceritakan perkara yg telah berlaku, akan berlaku 30 juzuk Kitab suci orang Islam Al-Quran di Luh Mahfouz sblm diturunkan kpd rasulullah

K16, K17
The word of Allah Kitab terakhir Diturunkan kpd nabi Muhammad Knowledge Guidance Buku undang-undang Membacanya adalah ibadah Merangkumi perkara ghaib Sejarah Buku teori sains Keindahan kesusasteraan Untuk semua umat manusia Diturunkan beransur Mukjizat Perfect content covers every aspect of life In Arabic Lessons X boleh ditiru Berkekalan hingga hari kiamat Menjadi penawar Reference Aplikasi dalam kehidupan Holy book that unites all muslim Diturunkan melalui malaikat Menceritakan perkara telah berlaku dan akan berlaku Kebesaran Allah

A12, A13
Garis panduan hidup manusia 30 juzuk Mukjizat Kandungan tidak berubah Diturunkan dlm bhs arab Kitab terakhir 6666 verses Menyebut ttg kitab2 lain Pengubat jiwa
-Kalamullah -Diturunkan melalui perantaraan malaikat dan disampaikan kpd rasulullah -114 surah -Merangkumi seluruh aspek kehidupan -Ayat pertama di qua hira -Diturunkan secara berperingkat -Makkiah dan madaniyyah -Dr Luh Mahfuzetc -Terpelihara sehingga hari qiamat -Memansuhkan kitab2 lain -Dibukukan di zaman Uthman -Al-fatihah ummul quran

OTHER NAMES OF THE QURAN

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Al-Kitab (2:2) AlFurqan (25:1) AlTazkirah (15:9) AlTanzil (26:192) Al-Ahsanul Hadith (39:23) 6. Al-Hukm (13:37) 7. AlHikmah (17:39) 8. Al-Qayyim (18:2) 9. Al-Shifa (10:57) 10. Al-Huda (72:13) 11. Al-Rahmah (17:82) 12. Al-Khair (3:105) 13. Al-Ruh (42:52) 14. Al-Bayan (3:137) 15. Al-Nima (93:11) 16. Al-Burhan (4:175) 17. Al-Nur (7:157)

COLLECTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE HOLY QURAN The whole al-Quran was arranged by the holy prophet (PBUH) under the guidance of the angel Gibrael.

Reported that Uthman al Affan (the third caliph) said:

It was customary to the messenger of Allah (PBUH) that when portions of different chapters were revealed to him, and when any verse was revealed, he called one of those persons who used to write the holy Quran and said to them write this verse in the chapter where such and such occur.

Among those whom the prophet used to summon to write down portion of the holy Quran immediately after their revelation are: Zaid bin Thabit, Abu Bakr, Umar al-Khattab, Uthman al-Affan , Ali ibn Abi Talib, Abdullah Ibn Zubair, Ubbay, Hanzala, Abdullah Ibn Said, Abdullah Ibn Arqam, Abdullah Ibn Rawahah, Saad ibn alAs, Abdurrahman al-Harith Ibn Hisham

Sources of Islamic Civilization

MAKKAN AND MADINAN CHAPTERS

Out of the total of 114 surahs / chapters; 92 chapters were revealed during the Mecca period and the other 22 were revealed during the Medina period.

Sources of Islamic Civilization

FEATURES DISTINGUISHING THE TWO GROUPS OF CHAPTERS

1. Makkiah revelation deals chiefly with faith in God and particularly devoted to grounding the Muslim in their faith. While the Madaniyyah revelation is chiefly intended to translate that faith into action. 2. Makkiah verses shows how true peace of mind may be sought in communication with God, the Madinan points out how mans dealing with man may also be a source of comfort.

THE OUTSTANDING NATURE OF THE QURAN

Think of examples from al-Quran that suits the following criteria

FLEXIBLE (nana) PRACTICAL (hamidah) HARMONIOUS WITH HUMAN NATURE (christopher) EMPHASIS ON HUMAN HAPPINESS (tengku) COMPLETE (wan) BALANCED (shahir)

HARMONIOUS WITH HUMAN NATURE

The rules and regulation declared in the Quran do not contradict with the human nature

Sources of Islamic Civilization

EMPHASIS ON HUMAN HAPPINESS

The Quran brings in rules and regulation as guidance to achieve the ultimate happiness in life and hereafter.

FLEXIBLE
All the rules and regulation stated in the Quran is within the capability of man to uphold

PRACTICAL
The Islamic teaching is clearly and easily adjusts by human nature. It appears practical and suit the human needs and requirement

Sources of Islamic Civilization

COMPLETE
The source of happiness and peacefulness in this world and hereafter is obviously described in the Quran;

Sources of Islamic Civilization

BALANCED

The Teaching in the Quran can be divided into: Aqidah (The acceptance of and obedience to the teachings of Allah which He revealed to His last prophet, Muhammad s.a.w) Syariah (Sharia deals with many aspects of day-to-day life, including politics, economics, banking, business law, contract law, and social issues )

SUM-UP

Akhlaq (the practice of virtue, morality and manners)