Software Engineering Project Management

Lecture 1:
Project Management and Information Context
Al Farissi, M.Comp, Sc
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer
Universitas Sriwijaya

Learning Objectives

Describe the systems view of project

management
Understand four frames organizational
structures and culture
Explain why stakeholder management and top
management commitment are critical for a
projects success
Understand the concept of a project phase and
the project life
Discuss the unique attributes and diverse
nature of information technology projects

Manajemen
Seni

untuk
merealisasikan pekerjaan
melalui orang lain

Manajemen

lebih bersifat
arsitektur / konseptual
(perencanaan-perencanaan
strategis), bukan untuk hal
teknikal maupun operasional.

Manajemen

:adalah sebuah proses perencanaan,

pengorganisasian, pengarahan, dan pengawasan usahausaha para anggota organisasi dan penggunaan sumber
daya organisasi lainnya agar mencapai tujuan organisasi
yang telah ditetapkan
3

Manajemen berfungsi:
1.

Perencanaan (penetapan apa yang akan dilakukan)

2.

Pengorganisasian (perancangan dan penugasan

kelompok)

3.

Penyusunan personalia (seleksi, pengembangan dan

penilaian prestasi kerja

4.

Pengarahan (motivasi, kepemimpinan, integritas dan

pengelolaan konflik)

5.

Pengawasan
4
4

Standish Group

Penelitian dari Thamhain dan

Wilemon

Tugas dan beban PM

a. Mengatasi deadlines (85%);
b. Mengatasi keterbatasan sumberdaya (83%);
c. Efektif komunikasi antar tim kerja (80%);
d. Mengatasi komitmen dari tiap anggota tim kerja (74%);
e. Pencapaian milestones yang terukur (70%);
f. Mengatasi perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi (60%);
g. Pengerjaan rencana proyek yang sesuai dengan pembagian tugas
(57%);
h. Mendapatkan komitmen dari manajemen atas (45%);
i. Mengatasi konflik yang terjadi dalam proyek (42%);
j. Pengaturan vendor dan sub-sub kontraktor (38%);

Definisi dan Pengertian Proyek

Suatu

usaha sementara yang dilaksanakan untuk

menghasilkan suatu produk atau jasa yang unik.

(PMBOK)

PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS
Work

that are done once

Normally not a repeatable work/regular work
Must have Definite Beginning and End. i.e Time
Constraint
Specific Objective is a must
Must have Scope of work
Must have budget & Resource constraints
Normally complex in nature
Involved groups
Temporary Work Organization
Many risks & can be terminated
Involved related task/activity
8

Bentuk Pengerjaan Proyek

Swakelola
Sub-kontrak

9
9

Life Cycle Project

Secara

umum:

1. Merumuskan masalah
2. Mencari solusi terhadap masalah
3. Melaksanakan solusi
4. Monitoring hasil
Perspektif

Proyek Konstruksi:

1. Concept development (design)

2. Pelaksanaan (execution)
3. Penutupan (finish / close out)

10

Life Cycle Project

Perspektif

proyek IT:

1. Discovery phase (Tahap penemuan)

2. Concept phase (Tahapan konsep)
3. Design phase (Tahapan desain)
4. Execution phase (Tahapan pelaksanaan)
5. Quality assurance phase (Tahapan jaminan kualitas/mutu)
6. Implementation phase (Tahapan implementasi)
7. Closure phase (Tahapan penutupan)

11

Hal-hal yang Menyebabkan Timbulnya Proyek

1. Rencana Pemerintah
2. Permintaan Pasar
3. Dari dalam perusahaan
4. Dari kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan

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Faktor-faktor Keberhasilan Proyek

1. Pengelolaan proyek melalui suatu mekanisme life cycle project
2. Monitoring & controlling (jadwal, anggaran, kualitas, resiko)
3. Mengintegrasikan/memadukan perangkat (tools) dan metode
manajemen proyek.
4. Komitmen manajemen.

13

Stakeholder utama dalam proyek:

PM
Client
Organisasi
Sponsor

Project Management Process

Groups
A

process is a series of actions directed

toward a particular result
Project management can be viewed as a
number of interlinked processes
The project management process groups
include:
Initiating processes
Planning processes
Executing processes
Monitoring and controlling processes
Closing processes
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Metodologi Manajemen Proyek

Inisiasi
Proye
k

Perencanaan
Proye
k

Pengontrolan
Proye
k

Pelaksanaan
Proye
k

Penutupan
Proye
k

16

Level of Activity and Overlap of

Process Groups Over Time

1
7

Mapping the Process Groups to the

Knowledge Areas
You

can map the main activities of each

PM process group into the nine knowledge
areas using the PMBOK Guide 2004
Note that there are activities from each
knowledge area under the planning and
monitoring and controlling process groups
All initiating activities are part of the
project integration management
knowledge area
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Relationships Among Process Groups and

Knowledge Areas (PMBOK Guide 2004, p. 69)

Relationships Among Process Groups and Knowledge

Areas (continued)

Developing an IT Project
Management Methodology
Just

as projects are unique, so are

approaches to project management
Many organizations develop their own
project management methodologies,
especially for IT projects; a methodology
describes how things should be done
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan used
the PMBOK as a guide in developing their
IT project management methodology
Six Sigma projects and the Rational
Unified Process (RUP) framework use
project management methodologies.
Others PM methodologies RAD, JAD
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1. Project Initiation
Initiating

a project includes recognizing and starting a

new project or project phase

Some

organizations use a pre-initiation phase, while

others include items like developing a business case as
part of initiation

The

main goal is to formally select and start off projects

Key

outputs include:
Assigning the project manager
Identifying key stakeholders
Completing a business case
Completing a project charter and getting signatures
on it
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Project Initiation Outputs

24

Project Initiation Outputs

25

2. Project Planning
The

main purpose of project planning is to guide

execution
Every knowledge area includes planning
information
Key

outputs included in the JWD project include:

A team contract
A project scope statement
A work breakdown structure (WBS)
A project schedule, in the form of a Gantt chart
with all dependencies and resources entered
A list of prioritized risks (part of a risk register)

27

Project Planning Outputs (1)

28

Project Planning Outputs (2)

29

Project Planning Outputs (3)

30

Project Planning Outputs (4)

31

JWD Consulting Intranet Site

Project Baseline Gantt Chart

33

Information Technology Project Management, Fifth Edition, Copyright 2007

List of Prioritized Risks

34

3. Project Executing
Usually

takes the most time and resources to perform

project execution.

Project

managers must use their leadership skills to

handle the many challenges that occur during project
execution.

Project

sponsors and customers focus on deliverables

related to providing the products, services, or results
desired from the project
A milestone report can help focus on completing
major milestones

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Project Execution Outputs

36

Part of Milestone Report

37

4. Project Monitoring and Controlling

Involves

measuring progress toward

project objectives, monitoring deviation
from the plan, and taking correction
actions
Affects all other process groups and occurs
during all phases of the project life cycle
Outputs include performance reports,
requested changes, and updates to various
plans
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Monitoring and Controlling Outputs (1)

39

Monitoring and Controlling Outputs (2)

40

Monitoring and Controlling Outputs (3)

41

Sample of Weekly Progress Report

42

Sample of Weekly Progress Report (cont.)

43

5. Project Closing
Involves

gaining stakeholder and customer

acceptance of the final products and services
Even if projects are not completed, they
should be closed out to learn from the past
Outputs include project archives and lessons
learned, part of organizational process assets
Most projects also include a final report and
presentation to the sponsor/senior
management

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Project Closing Outputs

45

46

Summary
The

five project management process groups

are initiating, planning, executing, monitoring
and controlling, and closing.
You can map the main activities of each
process group to the nine knowledge areas.
Some organizations develop their own
information technology project management
methodologies
The JWD Consulting case study provides an
example of using the process groups and
shows several important project documents
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FINISH & THANK YOU