Turbo Pump

MESIN-MESIN TURBO
Oleh:
HERU MIRMANTO
JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
2011
Reference :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Dietzel Fritz. (1992),Turbin Pompa dan Kompresor

Diterjemahkan oleh Ir. Dakso Sriyono, Jakarta : Penerbit Erlangga.
Igor Karassik,J ( 2001) Pump Handbook. 3th, McGraw Hill, New
York.
Lazarkiewicz, Stephen and Troskolanski, A.T. (1965), Impeller
Pump. New York, Pergamon Press.
M. Khetagurov (1954), Marine Auxiliary Machinery and Systems,
Peace Publishers Moscow.
Robert, W Fox & Alan T. McDonald (2010),Introduction to Fluid
Mechanics 7th, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Asia.
S L Dixon (1998): Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics of Turbo
Machinery, 4th edition, Pergamon Press Ltd.
Obert L. Sanks,1998,Pumping Station Design,Second Edition,
Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston
Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS
TURBOMACHINES
Suatu pesawat yang mengkonversi energi mekanis
(torsi poros yang berputar) ke atau dari energi
aliran fluida sebagai akibat efek dinamik dari satu
atau barisan sudu-sudu.
Aplikasi dalam kehidupan :

Rumah tangga
Transportasi kendaraan
Industri
Instalasi Pembangkit Daya
1/3 energi USA untuk Industri, 50% digunakan untuk turbomachinery
Classification of Turbomachines :
1. According to Geometry of the Flow Path :
Radial Flow
Axial Flow
Mixed Flow
Radial Flow Machines lintasan aliran fluida masuk secara

aksial (sejajar poros), kemudian seiring dengan perubahan
radius, aliran berubah kearah radial.
Axial Flow arah aliran masuk dan keluar secara aksial
(sejajar poros).
Mixed Flow adalah kombinasi dari keduanya.
2. According to add Energy to a fluid Stream:
a. Pump
b. Fan, Blower, Compressor
a. Pump
Apabila fluida yang dilayani liquid atau slurry.
Centrifugal Pump
Mixed Pump
Axial Pump
b. Fan, Blower, Compressor
Apabila fluida yang dilayani gas atau uap dan tergantung
pada kenaikan tekanan yang dihasilkan.
Axial Fan
Centrifugal Blower
Compressor
3. Extract Energy From a Fluid Stream :
a. Water Turbine
b. Steam Turbine
c. Gas Turbine
4. According to change of pressure :
Impuls Turbine
Pelton Type
Reaction Turbine
Francis Type
Propeller Turbine
Kaplan Type
5. According to Impeller Construction :
Open
Semin Open
Closed
Low Solidity
High Solidity
POMPA
Definisi :
Pompa adalah suatu alat/ pesawat yang digunakan
untuk memindahkan fluida cair (liquid) dari suatu
tempat yang berenergi rendah ke tempat lain yang
yang berenergi lebih tingi melalui suatu sistem
perpipaan.
POMPA
Prinsip Kerja Pompa :
Discharge
Suc
tion
Memberikan perbedaan tekanan antara bagian

suction dan bagian discharge dengan mentransfer
energi mekanis dari suatu sumber energi luar (motor
listrik, motor bensin/diesel ataupun turbin dll.)
untuk dipindahkan ke fluida kerja yang dilayani.
POMPA
Dynamic
Positive Displacement Pump

Reciprocating
Piston, Plunger
- Simplex
- Duplex
Steam-Double Acting
Power
Single Acting
Double Acting
- Simplex
- Duplex
- Triplex
- Multiplex
Diaphragm
- Simplex
- Multiplex
Rotary
Single Rotor
Multiple Rotor
- Fluid Operated
- Mechanically Operated
- Vane
- Piston
- Flexible
- Member
- Screw
- Peristaltic
- Gear
- Lobe
- Piston
- Circumferential piston
- Screw
POMPA
Dynamic
Positive Displacement Pump
Centrifugal
Axial Flow
Single Stage
Multistage
Closed Impeller
Open Impeller
Fixed Pitch
Variable Pitch
Mixed Flow,
Radial Flow
Open Impeller
Single Suction
Self Priming
Double Suction Non Priming
Single Stage
Multistage
Peripheral
Single Stage
Multistage
Special Effect
Self Priming
Non Priming
- Jet (Ejector)
- Gas Lift
- Hydraulic Ram
- Electromagnetic
Semi Open Impeller

Closed Impeller
Prinsip Kerja Pompa Centrifugal :
1.
2.
3.
Pompa centrifugal akan bekerja normal bila ruang di dalam casing

hingga saluran suction terisi oleh cairan.
Apabila impeller berputar, akibat gaya centrifugal maka cairan di
antara sudu2 akan bergerak ke arah radial. Sehingga fluida pada
diameter luar impeller mempunyai tekanan relatif kuat.
Tekanan fluida semakin bertambah saat melalui volute chamber,
dimana sebagian energi kinetik menjadi energi potential berupa
kenaikan tekanan.
Prinsip Kerja Pompa Centrifugal :
4.
5.
Apabila tekanan lebih besar dari tekanan discharge nya maka

cairan akan kelur pompa
Ketika fluida meninggalkan inlet impeller, maka ruang tsb
mengalami ke vacuman, sehingga cairan pada suction akan naik
ke inlet akibat perbedaab tekanan.
Centrifugal Pumps are Classified :

1. According to their capacity :
a. Low capacity pumps
b. Medium capacity pumps
c. High capacity pumps
- up to 20 cu m per h
from 20 to 60 cu m per h
over to 60 cu m per h
2. According to the pressure developed :

a. Low pressure pumps
b. Medium pressure pumps
c. High pressure pumps
- up to 5 kg per sq cm
from 5 to 50 kg per sq cm
over to 50 kg per sq cm
3. According to their specific speed :

Pumps speeds are characterized by the specific rotational speed, or
speed factor, of the impeller.
Specific Velocity
Specific velocity is a value that links together the capacity, head and
power consumption of pump, all of which depend upon the principal
dimensions and velocity of liquid flow in impeller.
4. Specific Velocity ns1 :

a. Low speed impeller
b. Moderat speed impeller
c. High speed impeller
d. Mixed Flow impeller
e. Axial Flow impeller
from
from
from
from
from
40 to 80 rpm
80 to 150 rpm
150 to 300 rpm
300 to 600 rpm
600 to 2000 rpm
5. The number of impeller and stage:

a. Single impeller pumps
b. Multistage pumps
c. Multi impeller pumps
d. Multi impeller Multistage pumps
6. The intake to the impeller :

a. Single admission
b. Double admission
7. The design of the casing :

a. Single casing
b. Sectional pumps
8. The disposition of the impeller axis :

a. Vertical shaft pumps
b. Horizontal shaft pumps
9. The kind of liquid handled :

a. Water pump.
b. Petroleum pump, etc
10. The method of drive :

a. Power pump.
b. Direct coupled pump
11. The suction lift capacity :

a. Self priming pumps.
b. Non priming pump
The specific velocity
Specific velocity, or specific factor, is defined as the impeller speed

of a model pump which, being geometrically similar to the given
pump, develops a head of one meter water column at a discharge of
75 lt/sec having a power consumption of one metric hp at highest
efficiency.
ns
Where
n
Qs
H
:
=
=
=
=
n Qs
n Qs
3,65
3
4
75 4 H 3
H
pump impeller speed, rpm

capacity of the pump, cu m per sec
head developed by the pump, mH2O
specific weigh.
Ref 7
A Selection Of The Number Of Stage

Required
Centrifugal pumps are usually designed with one
impeller if the latter is sufficient to provide the required
head and output.
If the required head cannot be generated by a single
impeller, several impeller are arrange to operate in series
(multistage pumps).
If the required capacity cannot be provided at the head
developed by one impeller, several impellers are
arranged to operate in parallel (multi-impeller pump) or
double admission pumps are used.
A combination of high head and high capacity may be
achieved by arranging the impellers for combine series
and parallel operation.
The specific velocity of one stage of a multistage pump
ns1 3,65
n Qs
ns1 3,65
4
n Qs
4
3
H1
3,65
n Qs
4
H3
i 3 ns .4 i 3
n
n
i 3 s14 3 ( s1 ) 4
ns
ns
Where
i
H1
H
:
= number of stages of pressure
= head developed by one impeller, mH2O
= head developed by the pump, mH2O
The specific velocity for one impeller of a multi impeller pump
ns1 3,65
n Qs1
4
3,65
Qs
n
kk
4
3,65
n Qs
4
H3
1
ns
kk
kk
Where :
Qs1 = discharge through an impeller with single admission,
cu m per sec
kk = number of admission (entries) to the impeller of
pump.
On the basis of above equation the number of admission is :
ns
k k
ns1
The specific velocity of one impeller in arrangement of

series and parallel operation will be :
Qs
n
kk
ns1 3,65
4
3,65
n Qs
4
H3
i3
ns
kk
i3
kk
Where :
i
kk
= number of stages of pressure

= number of admission (entries) to the impeller of
pump.
Contoh soal 1 :
Contoh soal 2 :
SUCTION LIFT OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Energy equation for cross section I - I to II - II :

2
Pa Va
Ps Vs
za
za z
H l
2.g
2. g
he
Zs
Za
Where :
Za
=
Pa
=
Va
=
Z
=
Ps
=
Vs
=
Hls =
section II
Distance from the free surface to the datum, m

Pressure on the free surface, Pascal
Velocity of the liquid at the free surface
Distance from cross section II to the free surface, m
Pressure of the liquid at cross section II
Velocity of the liquid at cross section II
Loss of head in the suction pipe from strainer to cross
Assuming that velocity Va = 0
Ps
Pa
Vs
z
H l
2. g
If the inlet velocity is denote as Ce, the head at the inlet

circumference of the impeller will be
Ps
Pa
Ce
z s he
H l
2. g
Where :
he
= Radius of the impeller inlet, m
Hl = Loss of head in the suction line due to hydraulic
resistances, H2O
According above equation the suction head will decrease

with an increase in Zs.
If ps drops to the value of the vapor pressure of the liquid at

the given temperature, the liquid begins to boil.
Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH):
The total suction head (in feet or meters) of liquid absolute at
the suction nozzle less the vapor pressure absolute (in feet
or meters)
p a pv
NPSH
Z s hls
NPSHA NPSHR
General cavitation begins when Ps becomes equal to

the Pv. This condition corresponds to the maximum
suction lift.
suction lift
z s max z s he
So the equation will be :
Ce
z s he
H l
2. g
Pv
Pa
Therefore
z s max
Ce
H l
2.g

Pa
Pv
Advisable to operate pump with a permissible geodetic

suction lift :
z sp 0,75 . z s max
Therefore
z sp
Pa Pv Ce 2
0,75

H l

2. g

Where :
zsp
= vertical distance from impeller axis to the free surface, m
Contoh soal 1 :
Therefore, the permissible suction lift decrease :

1. With an increase in temperature of the liquid being pumped.
2. With an increase in loss of head in the suction line.
3. With an increase in the velocity with which the liquid
approaches the inlet edge of the impeller vanes.
4. With an increase in the distance between the inlet edge and
the impeller axis.
Cavitation is also promoted by sharp edges, rough passage
walls, abrupt turns and other obstacles to liquid flow which
force the stream away from walls.
Tanda-tanda Kavitasi
Suara berisik/noise yang bertubi-tubi
Getaran pompa sampai terdengar
Penggunaan daya/power yang berlebihan daripada
biasanya (Ampere meningkat)
Debit berkurang drop secara siknifikan
Akibat Kavitasi :
Erosi permukaan
Permukaan impeller dan rumah keong bopeng
(berlubanglubang kecil-kecil, terkikis)
Getaran struktur
Penurunan efisiensi
Suara berisik
Noise generation
karena kavitasi
Spektrum
broadband pada
saat ada kavitasi,
3 5 KHz (tipikal)
Bagaimana menghindari Kavitasi??

- Yang jelas, kavitasi hanya terkait dengan
posisi
suction (pipa isap pompa).
Karenanya, perhatiannya hanya pada tempat
ini.
- Kurangi jumlah katup dan bengkokan pada pipa isap
- Gunakan eccentric reducer, bukan concentric
reducer
- Letakkan bagian lurus dari eccentric reducer pada sisi
atas dari pipa isap.
- Sedapat mungkin pipa isap sangat pendek.
- Pipa isap seyogyanya berdiameter sama dengan
diameter
inlet pompa.
- Gunakan long radius elbow
- Yakinkan bahwa katup kaki terbenam secara sempurna.
Hindari terjebaknya udara
SALAH
BENAR
Centrifugal Pump Construction

Pump Terminologi
Typical single-stage end-suction volute pump
Double admission
with a diffuser-ring and volute casing
Multistage Centrifugal Pump
Turbomachinery Analysis
The Angular Momentum Principle :
The angular momentum principle was applied to finite control volume :
r xF s
r xgdV Tshaft
cv
r xVdV
cv
rxVVdA
cs
Assumsi :
Torques due to body and surface force may be
ignored
Steady flow
Uniform flow at inlet and outlet
Incompressible
Above equation will be :
Tshaft
rxVVdA
cs
Head Developed by a Centrifugal Pump Impeller

Polygon Velocity :
W1
C1
C1r
1
U1
C1U
W2
C2
C2r
2
Where :
U1 & U 2
C2U
= peripheral velocity
W1 & W2
= relative velocity
C1 & C 2
= absolute velocity
1 & 2
= inlet & outlet blade angle
1 & 2
inlet & outlet of fluid angle

U2
The term on the right side is the product of x V with the mass
flow rate at each section. For uniform flow into the rotor at
section 1, and out of the rotor at section 2, the equation be
comes
Tshaft r2 C2 u r1 C1u m
The rate of work done on a turbo machine rotor is given by the

dot product of rotor angular velocity ( ) and applied torque.
W m Tshaft r2 C2u r1 C2u . m

Introducing U = r.w Where : U is the tangential speed at
radius r, so we have :
W m U 2 C2u U1 C1u . m
Dividing by .g we obtain a quantity with dimension of length,
W m 1
H t
U 2 C2u U1 C1u
m .g g
This equation was deduced by Leonhard Euler in (1754)
We can write theoretical infinite Head :
H t
U 22 U 12 W12 W22 C22 C12
2. g
2.g
2. g
Where :
U 22 U12
2.g
W12 W22
2.g
C22 C12
2.g
= Kenaikan head statis krn gaya inertia cairan

saat mengalir dr radius inlet ke outlet
= Kenaikan head statis krn krn perubahan
kecepatan aliran pd celah akibat perubahan luas
penampang celah sudu
= Kenaikan head dinamis krn krn perubahan
kecepatan absolut antara sudu impeller
Most centrifugal pumps do not have inlet guide vanes.

The absolut velocity of inlet onto the vanes is directed almost along
a radius
= 900
so,
U 2 C2u
H t
g
W1
C1=C1r
Actual Head
U1
U 22
H k 2 cu . h .
g
Where :
K2cu = circulation factor
= hydraulic efficiency
Actual Head
2
2
U
H kh .
g
Where :
Kh
= K2cu h
= Head factor
Tabel value of h & K2cu

ns1
60 to 100
100 to 150
150 to 220
0,87 to 0,9
0,9 to 0,92
0,92 to 0,94
0,82
0,82
K2cu
0,6
to 0,82
Effect of the outlet angle ( 2) on the head developed

W2
C2
W1
C2r
C1
C1r
1
1
C1U
U1
2
C2U
U 2 C2u
H t
g
C2 r
tg 2
U 2 C2u
H t
C2 r
C2u U 2
U 2 C2 r ctg 2
tg 2
U 22 U 2 .C2 r .ctg 2
g
g
U2
Effect of The Outlet Angle ( 2) on The Head Developed
H t
U2
(U 2 C2 r .ctg 2 )
g
2 > 900
Head
2 = 900
2 < 900
Capacity
HEAD DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTIC
Hydraulic Losses in Pumps :

* Friction forces due to the viscosity
liquid
* Losses from eddy formation
* Shock looses
H = Ht H2cu hh - hsh
Ideal-Actual Head-Discharge Characteristic of Centrifugal Pump
Jumlah Sudu
Sudu impeller didesign setipis mungkin, tumpul bagian leading

edge & runcing di bag. Trailling edge.
Jika jumlah sudu banyak maka, kerugian head semakin besar,
namun bila jumlah sudu terlalu sedikit maka, aliran kurang
uniform & sirkulasi semakin besar, hal ini juga menimbulkan
kerugian head.
Banyaknya sudu dpt dihitung berdasarkan pers. Empiris :
zv
Dimana :
br
Q1s H1
r1
2 ,25 op U 2 br r2 1
r2
= jari-jari rata2 lingkaran celah sudu
ns1
40 to 60
60 to 180
180 to 350
350 to 500
Zv
THE CAPACITY OF PUMPS

Theoretical Capacity of Pumps (Qts)
Theoretical Capacity of Pumps is ideal capacity a pumps
without internal or external leakage.
Qts 2 r1 b1 C1r 2 r2 b2 C 2 r
Qts ( 2 r1 1 z) b1 C1r ( 2 r2 2 z) b2 C2 r
Where :
S1
1
sin (1 )
S2
2
sin (2 )
S1 & S2 = vanes thickness inlet & outlet

Optimum Capacity (Qopt)

Optimum Capacity is capacity of pumps when the pumps
running at maximum of overall efficiency.
Actual Capacity (Qs)

Actual Capacity or real discharge which produce by pumps
is amounts of liquid which flow per unit time passes through
discharge pipe at pumps running.
Qs v . Qts
Indicative Capacity (Qi)
Amounts of liquid flow through the pumps, so this capacity is
the same with actual capacity (Qs) plus internal leakage (Ql).
Qi Qs Ql
Internal Leakage
Penyebab internal leakage
Wearing Ring aus, korosi, erosi, atau
perawatan yang kurang tepat, maka
Akibat internal leakage

Aliran bersirkulasi, terpompa
berulang- ulang, kemudian panas
Volumetric losses
Volumetric losses consist of leakages of liquid through
clearance from high-pressure to low-pressure region
The most significant volumetric losses are :
Leakage through the front sealing ring of the impeller.
Leakage through the balancing disk, balancing hole.
Leakage through the shaft packing or through the hub seals

in multistage pumps
Qs
v
Qts
ns1
60 to 100
100 to 150
150 to 220
0,94 to 0,97
0,97 to 0,99
0,98 to 0,995
POWER
Useful Power (Nu) is the energy increment in the flow of liquid
passing through the pump in unit time
. Qs . H
WHP N u
HP
75
. Qs . H
WHP N u
KW
102
Required Power input (N / BHP)
. Qs . H
BHP N
op
WHP
BHP
Contoh soal :
Diketahui pompa centrifugal mempunyai data-data sebagai berikut :
Diameter dalam (d1) = 150
mm
1 = 2 = 300
Diameter luar (d2)
= 320
mm
Q
= 55 lt/dt
Lebar dalam (b1)
= 50
mm
1
= 900
Lebar luar (b2)
= 30
mm
Hitung :
a.Putaran impeller
b.Head teoritis yang dihasilkan
c.Power yang dibutuhkan.
Jawab :
C1=C1r
Kapasitas :
C2
W1
1
W2
C2r
2
U1
C2U
Qts 2. r1 b1 C1r
Qts
55.10 3
m
C1r
2
,
33
2. r1 b1 2. . 75.10 3 x 50.10 3
dt
2
U2
C1r
tan 300
U1
U 1 C1r ctg 30 0 2,33 x 1,732 4,04
m
dt
U 1 x R1
Sehingga :
U 1 2. n
R1
60
maka putaran impeller :
60 . 4,04
514,3 rpm
3
2. 75.10
Perbandingan putaran :
U 2 U1
R2
160
m
4,04
8,618
R1
75
dt
C2r
Qts
55.10 3
m
1
,
823
2. R2 b2 2. . 160.10 3 x 30.10 3
dt
C2r
tan 30 0
W2u
Maka :
W2u C2 r cot 30 0 1,823 . 1,732 3,15

C2u U 2 W2u 8,618 3,15 5,46
m
dt
m
dt
Sehingga Head teoritis :
H t
U 2 C2u 8,618 . 5,46
4,79 m
g
9,81
Daya teoritis yang dibutuhkan :
N t . Q . H 9,81 . 1000 . 55.10 3 . 4,79 2,58 KW

Axial Hydraulic Thrust and Impeller Balancing
R R 2 R1
p2 p1 D02 D2sh
4
c0 Q c0
R3 m
R R R3
p2 p1 D02 D2sh Q c 0
4
Cara membalans gaya-gaya aksial :

Menggunakan peralatan pembalans tipe
hydraulis.
Memakai bantalan aksial.
memakai pemasukkan ganda (double
admission) paralel.
Axial Thrust at The Centrifugal pump
Axial Hydrolic Balance
Use of ribs to achieve axial

hydraulic balance
Use of back wear ring to achieve

axial hydraulic balance
Centrifugal Pump Operation

Pipe Line Characteristic :
Hpl = Hpls + Hpld

Hpld
L V2
V2
Hpld f
k
D 2 g
2 g
Hpls
Pipeline Characteristic by the throtling process
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS:
Basic Concepts of Operation
No static head All friction
Positive static (suction) head
Basic Concepts of Operation :
Negative (gravity) head
Mostly lift no friction head
Basic Concepts of Operation :
(a) Variation in static head
(b) Variation in friction head
Pump Characteristic :
1. Main Characteristic
2. Working Characteristic
3. Universal Characteristic
If the impeller rotates at n rpm, theoretical Discharge,
theoretical Head and Power will be :
Qts 2 r1 b1 C1r 2 r2 b2 C2 r
H t
U 2 C2u
g
N t Qts H t
When the speed of the pump is changed from n to n ,
The new velocity diagram :
Q / ts 2 r1 b1 C/1r 2 r2 b2 C/ 2r
H/ t
U/ 2 C / 2u
N/ t Q / ts H/ t
On the basis equation, we obtain
C / 1r C / 2r U/ 2 n /
n
C1r C 2r U2 n
Q / ts
n
Q ts
Q / ts
or
H/ ts n'
2 n2
Hts
n
2
or
N/ ts n'
3 n3
Nts
n
n'
Q ts Q ts n
n
H/ ts Hts
n'
n
n s1
ns1
3,65
or
n' Q's
3,65
H '3
n Qs
4
N/ ts Nts
n'
n' Q s
n Qs
Hts n 2
n'
n
H3
n'
3
H
Nts n3
MAIN CHARACTERISTIC
WORKING CHARACTERISTIS
WORKING CHARACTERISTIS :
Perubahan Karakteristik Akibat Viskositas dan Putaran Berbeda
Radial Flow Pump

Characteristics
Mixed Flow Pump

Characteristics
UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTIC
SELECTION OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP PERFORMANCE
UNSTABLE OPERATION
UNSTABLE OPERATION
Contoh Karakteristik Kerja yang Tidak Stabil
OPERATION IN A COMPLEX CIRCUIT
SERIES OPERATION OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
PARALLEL OPERATION OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Dimensionless parameter
Dependent pump variables :
The actual head rise

Shaft power
Efficiency
(H)
(N)
()
Depend on the geometrical configuration :
Diameter
Lengths
Surface roughness
(D)
(l)
()
Important variables :
Flowrate
Rotational speed
Fluid viscosity
Fluid density
(Q)
()
()
()
Head Coefficient
Power Coefficient
Efficiency
Flow Coefficient
Q
CQ
D3
Flow Coefficient
Head Coefficient
Power Coefficient
Efficiency
Problem :
PUMP TESTING
Head Measurement
Flow Measurement
(a)
a) Rectangular Weir ; b) 900 - V-notch Weir

(b)
AXIAL PUMP
Polygon Velocity
Blade
motion
Perbandingan karakteristik antara pompa

centrifugal dengan pompa aksial

Turbo Pump

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Turbo Pump

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MESIN-MESIN TURBO

JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN

Dietzel Fritz. (1992),Turbin Pompa dan Kompresor

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

Aplikasi dalam kehidupan :

Radial Flow Machines lintasan aliran fluida masuk secara

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

Memberikan perbedaan tekanan antara bagian

Positive Displacement Pump

Positive Displacement Pump

Semi Open Impeller

Prinsip Kerja Pompa Centrifugal :

Pompa centrifugal akan bekerja normal bila ruang di dalam casing

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

Prinsip Kerja Pompa Centrifugal :

Apabila tekanan lebih besar dari tekanan discharge nya maka

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

Centrifugal Pumps are Classified :

2. According to the pressure developed :

3. According to their specific speed :

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

4. Specific Velocity ns1 :

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

5. The number of impeller and stage:

6. The intake to the impeller :

7. The design of the casing :

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

8. The disposition of the impeller axis :

9. The kind of liquid handled :

10. The method of drive :

11. The suction lift capacity :

The specific velocity

Specific velocity, or specific factor, is defined as the impeller speed

pump impeller speed, rpm

A Selection Of The Number Of Stage

The specific velocity of one stage of a multistage pump

The specific velocity for one impeller of a multi impeller pump

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

The specific velocity of one impeller in arrangement of

= number of stages of pressure

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

SUCTION LIFT OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

Energy equation for cross section I - I to II - II :

Distance from the free surface to the datum, m

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

Assuming that velocity Va = 0

If the inlet velocity is denote as Ce, the head at the inlet

According above equation the suction head will decrease

If ps drops to the value of the vapor pressure of the liquid at

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

General cavitation begins when Ps becomes equal to

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

Advisable to operate pump with a permissible geodetic

= vertical distance from impeller axis to the free surface, m

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

Therefore, the permissible suction lift decrease :

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS

Bagaimana menghindari Kavitasi??

Hindari terjebaknya udara

Centrifugal Pump Construction

Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI ITS