Komposisi Kimia
• Basaltik, Basalt, Gabbro, 45-55% SiO2, tinggi Fe, Mg, Ca,
rendah K, Na: 1000-1200oC
• Andesit, Diorit ,55-65% SiO2, menengah di Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K:
800 - 1000 oC
• Rhyolite, Granit 65-75% SiO2, rendah Fe, Mg, Ca, tinggi di K,
Na: 650-800 oC.
Sifat Kimia Magma
a) Magma Asam
Magma yang banyak mengandung silika (SiO2), biasanya
berwarna terang, seperti granit dan diorit.
Magma yang bersifat basa biasanya lebih encer dari pada magma
asam, hal ini disebabkan, karena magma basa memiliki viskositas
yang tinggi sehingga proses pendinginannya atau pembekuannya
lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan magma asam. Dikarenakan proses
pembekuannya yang begitu cepat maka kristal yang terbentuk akan
kecil – kecil, bahkan ada juga yang tidak memiliki kristal sama
sekali.
•Klasifikasi Magma
METODE
GEOKIMIA BATUAN
Ocean-ocean Island Arc (IA)
Ocean-continent Continental Arc or
Active Continental Margin (ACM)
Figure 16.1. Principal subduction zones associated with orogenic volcanism and plutonism. Triangles are on the overriding plate.
PBS = Papuan-Bismarck-Solomon-New Hebrides arc. After Wilson (1989) Igneous Petrogenesis, Allen Unwin/Kluwer.
Settings control igneous rock chemistry
Major Elements and Magma Series
Tholeiitic (MORB, OIT)
Alkaline (OIA)
Calc-Alkaline (~ restricted to SZ)
Figure 16.5. Combined K2O - FeO*/MgO diagram in which the Low-K to High-K series are combined with the tholeiitic vs. calc-
alkaline types, resulting in six andesite series, after Gill (1981) Orogenic Andesites and Plate Tectonics. Springer-Verlag. The points
represent the analyses in the appendix of Gill (1981).
Subalkaline Discrimination Diagrams
Calc-Alkaline
Fe2O3 + FeO
AFM Diagram
Tholeiitic--Calc-Alkaline boundary 20
after Irvine and Baragar (1971).
Can. J. Earth Sci., 8, 523-548 Al 2O3
15 Tholeiitic
10
100 90 80 70 60 50 40
AN
Figure 16.7. From Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.
Harker
Variation
Liquid
DiagramsLines of
Descent
Scattered Trends
-not all liquids
-not comagmatic
-polybaric fractionation
-sample heterogeneity
-varied data sources
TECTONIC PROVINCE DISCRIMINATION DIAGRAMS
Figure 9.8 Examples of discrimination diagrams used to infer tectonic setting of ancient (meta)volcanics. (a) after Pearce and Cann (1973), (b)
after Pearce (1982), Coish et al. (1986). Reprinted by permission of the American Journal of Science, (c) after Mullen (1983) Copyright © with
permission from Elsevier Science, (d) and (e) after Vermeesch (2005) © AGU with permission.
SEKIAN