Teknik Hidrologi
UAJY 2013
Flow Routing Q
t
Procedure to
determine the flow
Q
hydrograph at a
point on a
watershed from a t
known hydrograph
upstream Q
As the hydrograph
travels, it
t
attenuates
gets delayed Q
t
Why route flows?
Storage Computations
SOLUTION…
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SOLUTION…
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SOLUTION…
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SOLUTION…
Maksud:
Mengetahui/ manganalisis hubungan/ keterkaitan debit
(hidrograf) yang masuk (inflow) dan debit (hidrograf) yang
keluar (outflow) pada suatu alur tinjauan tertentu.
Contoh:
(1) Routing pada sungai (Channel routing)
Titik A 1 2 3 4 5 B
t I.Δt - O.Δt = ΔS
Hidrograf outflow
Metode hitungan routing:
dS
I-O , t = interval routing
dt
t = 0, t, 2t, ..., jt, (j+1)t...
S j 1 ( j 1) t ( j 1) t
dS
Sj j t
I (t )dt
j t
Q(t )dt (i)
Asumsi:
Perubahan inflow (I) dan Outflow (Q) selama t dianggap linear, maka
dapat ditulis perubahan tampungan (S) sebagai berikut:
I j + I j+1 Q j + Q j+1
S j+1 - S j = Δt - Δt (ii)
2 2
Ij, Ij+1 : diketahui (hidrograf inflow),
Qj, Sj : didapat dari hitungan pada t sebelumnya,
Qj+1, Sj+1 : dicari !!
2S j+1
= I j + I j+1 +
2S j
+ Q j+1 - Qj (iii)
t t
Untuk menentukan Qj+1 diperlukan hubungan tampungan keluaran
(storage-outflow function) sebagai berikut:
Q Q
Q
Q
H H 2S
+Q
S Δt
H = +…
S S
Q
H
H
Untuk menentukan Qj+1 diperlukan hubungan tampungan keluaran
(storage-outflow function) sebagai berikut:
Q
(Sj+1–Sj)
Ij+1
Sj Sj+1
Ij
Qj+1
Qj
t
jt (j+1)t t
Q
Sj+1
Sj
t
Q Q
In
Out
t t
S
Tipikal Persamaan Debit Spillway
C = konstanta debit
L = lebar ambang
H = total head di atas mercu
H1
“Gate controlled Ogee Crest”
H2
Q
2 g CL H13/2 H 23/2
2
Q=
3
C tergantung tinggi bukaan pintu
Gate Controlled Spillway
waduk Wonogiri
Uncontrolled Spillway
waduk Kedung Ombo,
tampak dari hilir
Spillway waduk Kedung
Ombo, tampak dari hulu
Uncontrolled Spillway
waduk Sermo, Kulon
Progo, Yogyakarta
Tipikal Persamaan Debit Spillway
RS
Q = Co (2RS) H3/2
Co= f (H, RS)
Q
DASAR-DASAR WADUK
0.000 0.000 0.000 First, develop a storage indication curve for the reservoir.
0.305 1233.619 0.425 this is a plot of (2S/∆t)+Q vs Q.
0.610 2467.238 0.906
0.914 3700.858 1.558 Q (m3/s) (2S/∆t)+Q (m3/s)
1.219 4934.477 2.549
0 0
1.524 6168.096 3.540
0.4248 4.536864
1.829 7401.715 4.475
0.90624 9.130368
2.134 9252.144 5.239
1.5576 13.893792
2.438 12953.002 5.947 2.5488 18.997056
2.743 14803.430 6.514 3.54 24.10032
3.048 16653.859 7.080 4.47456 29.146944
3.353 24672.384 7.646
5.2392 36.07968
3.658 27139.622 8.213
5.9472 49.123872
6.5136 55.858368
7.08 62.592864
7.6464 89.88768
8.2128 98.678208
Grafik storage-outflow
0 0
10 1.699
20 3.398
30 5.098
Grafik inflow 40 6.797
50 8.496
60 10.195
70 9.062
80 7.930
90 6.797
100 5.664
110 4.531
120 3.398
130 2.266
140 1.133
150 0
time (min) In (m3/s) In+In+1 (m3/s) Qn+1 (m3/s) Sn+1/∆t (m3/s)
0 0 1.699 0 0 0
10 1.699 5.098 1.381 1.699 0.159 0.770
20 3.398 8.496 5.222 6.479 0.628 2.925
30 5.098 11.894 10.651 13.718 1.534 6.092
40 6.797 15.293 16.069 22.545 3.238 9.654
50 8.496 18.691 21.924 31.362 4.719 13.322
60 10.195 19.258 29.645 40.616 5.485 17.565
70 9.062 16.992 37.032 48.902 5.935 21.484
80 7.930 14.726 41.305 54.024 6.359 23.832
90 6.797 12.461 42.975 56.032 6.528 24.752
100 5.664 10.195 42.480 55.436 6.478 24.479
110 4.531 7.930 40.183 52.675 6.246 23.215
120 3.398 5.664 36.328 48.113 5.892 21.110
130 2.266 3.398 30.872 41.992 5.560 18.216
140 1.133 1.133 24.191 34.271 5.040 14.615
150 0 0 17.791 25.324 3.767 10.779
160 0 0 13.162 17.791 2.315 7.738
170 0 0 10.331 13.162 1.415 5.873
180 0 0 8.190 10.331 1.070 4.630
190 0 0 6.575 8.190 0.808 3.691
200 0 0 5.298 6.575 0.638 2.968
210 0 0 4.289 5.298 0.505 2.397
220 0 0 3.486 4.289 0.402 1.944
230 0 0 2.833 3.486 0.326 1.580
240 0 0 2.302 2.833 0.265 1.284
250 0 0 1.871 2.302 0.216 1.043
260 0 0 1.521 1.871 0.175 0.848
270 0 0 1.236 1.521 0.142 0.689
280 0 0 1.005 1.236 0.116 0.560
290 0 0 0.816 1.005 0.094 0.455
300 0 0 0.664 0.816 0.076 0.370
2*0
0 Dari grafik
10 * 60 1.699 0 storage-
outflow
0 0 1.699 0 0 0
10 1.699 5.098 1.381 1.699 0.159 0.770
20 3.398 8.496 5.222 6.479 0.628 2.925
30 5.098 11.894 10.651 13.718 1.534 6.092
40 6.797 15.293 16.069 22.545 3.238 9.654
50 8.496 18.691 21.924 31.362 4.719 13.322
60 10.195 19.258 29.645 40.616 5.485 17.565
70 9.062 16.992 37.032 48.902 5.935 21.484
5.098 1.381
1.699 2 * 0.159
Luas A
Luas B
Luas A = Luas B