Chapter 15

Teori Asam Basa

Brady and Senese

5th Edition

1
Index
15.1 Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases exchange prot
ons
15.2 Strengths of Brønsted acids and bases follow pe
riodic trends
15.3 Lewis acids and bases involve coordinate coval
ent bonds
15.4 Elements and their oxides demonstrate acid-bas
e properties
15.5 pH is a measure of the acidity of a solution
15.6 Strong acids and bases are fully dissociated in s
olution

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Teori Arrhenius
• Asam Arrhenius adalah zat yg melepaskan ion
hidronium (H+) pada larutan
• Basa Arrhenius adalah zat yg melepaskan ion
hidroksida (OH-) pada larutan

Svante Arrhenius

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Contoh Asam Basa Arrhenius
• Contoh Asam :
HNO3 (aq) + H2O (l) → H3O+ (aq) + NO3– (aq)

• Contoh Basa :
LiOH (s) + H2O (l) → Li+ (aq) + OH– (aq)

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Batasan Teori
Asam klorida dapat dinetralkan oleh natrium
hidroksida maupun amonia

NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)

NH3 (aq) + HCl (aq) → NH4Cl (aq)

NH3 (aq) + HCl (aq) ↔ NH4+ (aq) + OH– (aq)

NH3 (g) + HCl (g) → NH4Cl (g)

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Teori Asam Basa Brønsted-Lowry –
Transfer H+
• Asam merupakan donor proton
• Basa merupakan penerima proton
• NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
HCl adalah asam – memberi proton ke basa
NaOH adalah basa – menerima proton dari asam
• Dalam air:
H2O + HCl → H3O+ + Cl–
HCl adalah asam – memberi proton ke basa
air adalah basa – menerima proton dari asam

15.1 Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases exchange protons

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Pasangan Asam-basa konyugasi
• Dua spesies yg berbeda formula oleh H+ disebut
Pasangan Asam-basa konyugasi
• Pasangan asam basa konyugasi berbeda satu H+.
Pasangan konyugasi

asam basa
HCN(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l) + CN-(aq)
basa asam

Pasangan konyugasi

• Asam memiliki satu H+ lebih banyak dari pasangan

konyugasi basa nya
15.1 Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases exchange protons
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Learning Check
Identify the conjugate partner for each

Basa konyugasi Asam konyugasi

Cl- HCl
NH3 NH4+
C2H3O2- HC2H3O2
CN- HCN
F- HF

15.1 Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases exchange protons 8

Your Turn
How many of the following pairs are conjugate
pairs:
i. HCN/CN- ii. HCl/Cl- iii. H2S/S2-
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. None of them are conjugate

15.1 Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases exchange protons 9

Zat Amfoterik
• Amfoterik (amfiprotik) adalah zat yg dapat
bertindak sebagai asam atau basa
• Anion yg mengandung H+ (kecuali HSO4-)
memiliki kemmpuan sebagai amfiprotik
• Air merupakan amfiprotik

15.1 Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases exchange protons 10

Learning Check
• Write a reaction that shows that HCO3- is a
Brønsted acid when reacted with OH-(aq).
HCO3-(aq) + OH-(aq) ↔ H2O + CO32-(aq)

• Write a reaction that shows that HCO3- is a

Brønsted base when reacted with H3O+(aq).
HCO3-(aq) + H3O+(aq) ↔ H2CO3(aq) + H2O

15.1 Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases exchange protons 11

Your Turn
How many of the following are amphoteric?
HC2H3O2 , H2PO42-, HSO4-
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. None of these

15.1 Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases exchange protons 12

Acid/Base Strengths in Aqueous Solution

• Hydronium ion (H3O+) is the strongest acid in an

aqueous solution: stronger acids react completely
with water to give H3O+
• Hydroxide ion (OH-) is the strongest possible base
in an aqueous solution: stronger bases react
completely with water to give OH-
• The reaction of all stronger acids and bases in
water to the same strength is termed leveling
• Acid-base reactions occur in favor of the weaker
acid and base

15.2 Strengths of Brønsted acids and bases follow periodic trends 13

 Conjugate Pairs Have Reciprocal Strengths
• The stronger the acid,
the weaker its
conjugate base
• The stronger the base,
the weaker its
conjugate acid
• Strong acids are
ionized 100%: their
anions are
extraordinarily poor
bases - most are neutral

15.2 Strengths of Brønsted acids and bases follow periodic trends 14

Teori Asam Basa Lewis
• Asam Lewis adalah spesies yg menerima elektron
untuk membentuk ikatan kovalen
• Basa Lewis bases adalah spesies yg memberikan
elektron untuk membentuk ikatan kovalen
• Neutralisasi adalah pembentukan ikatan kovalen
antara pemberi dan penerima elektron

15.3 Lewis acids and bases involve coordinate covalent bonds 15

Lewis Acids and Bases
• Asam Lewis
 Molekul dan ion dengan kulit valensi tidak lengkap
 Molekul dan ion dengan beberapa ikatan yg dapat
dipindahkan untuk menerima elektron
 Molekul dan ion dengan atom pusat yang dapat
mengakomodasi tambahan elektron
• Basa Lewis
 Molekul dan ion yg memiliki kulit valensi lengkap
dengan elektron yang dapat dibagikan

15.3 Lewis acids and bases involve coordinate covalent bonds 16

Auto-ionisasi Air (Kw)
• Air terionisasi hingga jumlah yg sangat kecil (Kw
= 10-14 pada suhu ruangan) menurut reaksi:
 H2O(l) + H2O(l) ↔ H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)
• Karena air terdapat dalam setiap larutan cair, maka
ksetimbangan Kw ada dalam setiap larutan cair
 Kw = [H3O+ ][OH-]
 Kw = 10-14 at 25 °C
• Ketika [H3O+] = [OH-], Larutan disebut netral.

15.5 pH is a measure of the acidity of a solution 17

pH and Kw

• pH is defined for aqueous solutions only, and is

temperature dependent, because Kw is
• pH = -log[H3O+]
• It derives from the auto ionization of water.
Kw = [H3O][OH-]
log Kw = log[H3O+] + log[OH-]
-log Kw = -log[H3O+] - log[OH-]
pKw = pH + pOH
• pH > 7 is basic; pH = 7 is neutral; pH < 7 is acidic

15.5 pH is a measure of the acidity of a solution 18

Indicators Help Us Estimate pH

15.5 pH is a measure of the acidity of a solution 19

Learning Check
Complete the following with the missing data

[OH-] [H3O+] pH

3.2 × 10-3 M 3.1×10-12 M 11.51

4.3 × 10-10 M 2.3 × 10-5 M 4.63
1.5 × 10-2 M 6.7 × 10-13 M 12.17
3.92 × 10-9 M 2.55 × 10-6 M 5.593

15.5 pH is a measure of the acidity of a solution 20

Menggunakan pH
• pH = -log[H3O+]
• Untuk mencari [H3O+]:
 -pH = log[H3O+]
 10-pH = [H3O+]
• Jika pH larutan adalah 12.24,
 10-12.24 = [H3O+]
 5.7 × 10-13 M

15.5 pH is a measure of the acidity of a solution 21

Learning Check
• Complete the following with the missing data

pH pOH [H3O+]

2.33 11.67 4.7 × 10-3

12.11 1.89 7.8 × 10-13

15.5 pH is a measure of the acidity of a solution 22

Your Turn!
What is the pH of a solution that has a [OH-] = 1.2 ×
10-3 M?
A. 2.92
B. 11.08
C. 1.20
D. None of the above

15.5 pH is a measure of the acidity of a solution 23

Asam kuat terionisasi 100% dalam Air
• Ketika suatu zat dimasukkan dalam air, akan
terbentuk H3O+.
• H3O+ yg terbentuk oleh asam akan menekan
ionisasi air (jika [acid] > 10-7 M)
• pH dapat dihitung dari konsentrasi H3O+ yg
dihasilkan oleh asam kuat

15.6 Strong acids and bases are fully dissociated in solution 24

Learning Check
What is the pH of 0.1 M HCl?

HCl(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

I 0.1 N/A 0 0
C -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.1
E 0 N/A 0.1 0.1

pH = -log (0.1) = 1

15.6 Strong acids and bases are fully dissociated in solution 25

Basa kuat terlarut 100% dalam air
• Basa kuat adalah elektrolit yg membentuk OH-
ketika terlarut
• pOH dapat dikitung dari [OH-] dalam larutan
• Kontribusi air dapat diabaikan jika konsentrasi
basa cukup besar [OH-] > 10-7 M

15.6 Strong acids and bases are fully dissociated in solution 26

Learning Check
What is the pH of 0.5 M Ca(OH)2?

Ca(OH)2(aq) → Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)

I 0.5 0 0
C -0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 × 2
E 0 0.5 1.0

pOH = -log (1.0) = 0

pH = 14

15.6 Strong acids and bases are fully dissociated in solution 27

Your Turn
What is the pH of a 0.50 M solution of NaOH?
A. 0.50
B. 0.30
C. 13.70
D. None of these

15.6 Strong acids and bases are fully dissociated in solution 28