Gol I --- Garam Ca tak Larut

Gol II --- Garam Ba tak Larut

Gol III--- Garam Zn tak Larut

Gol IV--- Garam Ag tak Larut

Gol V--- Gol sisa

+ HCl / H2SO4e
CO3-2, HCO3-, SO3-2, S2O3-2, S-2, NO2-2, ClO-, CN-, CNO

+ H2SO4 p
F-, SiFe-2, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO2-, ClO3-, ClO4-, MnO4-, BrO3-, Fe(CN)6-4,
Fe(CN)6-3, BO3-3, CNS-, HCOO-, CH3COO-, (COO)2-2, (C4H4O6)-2,
(C6H5O7)-3

Reaksi pengendapan
SO4-2, S2O3-2, PO4-3, HPO3-2, H2PO2-, AsO4-3, AsO3-3, CrO4-3,
Cr2O7-2, SiO3-2, (SiF6)-2, C6H5COO
Reaksi Redoks
MnO4-, CrO4-2, Cr2O7-2
 1. NO2-
Kertas KI + H2SO4e --- tttskn lart --- biru (+)
NO2- (+) --- dihilangkan + asam sulfamat --- biru (-)

1Bila NO2- (-)

Lart + H2SO4 --- dinginkan --- lwt dinding tabung + FeSO4,
Diamkan 1-2’--- cincin coklat NO3- (+) (Reaksi diganggu Br-, I-, ClO3-, NO2-)

1SCN-
Lart + 1 tts FeCl3 --- merah darah

1S2O3-2
Lart + 2 tts AgNO3 --- end putih (+) --- kuning --- hitam (+)

Sudah tes pendahuluan

Larutan dinetralkan dengan NaOH ad sedikit alkalis (pH ± 7-8)
Pemeriksaan Gol Anion
 + NaoH ad netral / agak alkalis + Ca(NO 3)2 ad mengendap sempurna

Tapisan Gol II, III, IV, V

Endapan Gol I Cuci dgn air

End terdiri dari : CaCO3, CaSO4, CaF2, CaC2O4, Ca3(AsO3)2, Ca3(AsO4)2,

Ca3(PO4)2, Ca tartrat Endapan dibagi dua

1+ HCl --- gas Ca(OH)2 --- end (+) CO3-2, SO3- 2. + HCl dipanaskan,
dinginkan + air Brom dan
+ air Brom dan BaCl2 --- and (-) --- SO3-2 (-)
BaCl2

Tapisan : CaF2, CaCl2, CaC2O4, Ca3(AsO3)2, Ca3(AsO4)2, Endapan

BaSO4
Ca3(PO4)2, Ca tartrat
+ NaOH ad alkalis + Mg(NO3)2, diamkan 10’, saring

Tapisan + H2O2 [ oksalat tartrat (-) ] Endapan Mg.(NH4)PO4.6H2O

dipanaskan, dinginkan, saring Mg.(NH4)AsO4.6H2O
1End putih AsO3 (+) Lart + Hcle + NaHCO3 padat <<
2Filtrat dipanaskan ad H2S hilang + NH4OHp + KI padat --- kuning coklat AsO4,
+ Mg(NO ) --- end putih PO (+) As2O3 (+)
 Tapisan II, III, IV, V
Netralkan pH 7-8 + Ba(NO3)2 ad sempurna

Tapisan Gol III, IV, V Endapan Gol II

Cuci, BaSO4; BaCrO4 + HCl ad pH ± 1

Endapan BaSO4 + H2SO4p dipanaskan,

dinginkan --- end putih (kristal rozet)

Tapisan II, III, IV,

Jika tidak berwarna CrO4 (-)
Warna Kunig + NaOH ad netral --- end kuning orange CrO 4 (+)
 Tapisan Gol III, IV, V
+ HNO3 e ad sedikit asam + Zn(NO3)2 bertetes ad megendap sempurna

Endapan Gol III Tapisan Gol IV, V

Zn(CN)2, ZnFe(CN)6, Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2
+ NH4OHad end larut + AgNO3
+ Na2SO3 ad warna coklat (-), saring
Endapan + HCle + bbrp tts FeCl3
1End biru / warna biru Fe(CN)2 (+)
2End coklat Fe(CN)3 (+)

Tapisan
NH4[Ag(CN)2] + HNO3 dipanaskan ad NH3 hilang, saring

Endapan Ag2CN + (NH4)2S

Tapisan dibuang

Tapisan AgCNS + HCl

+ FeCl3 --- merah darah CN (+) End Ag2S
 Tapisan Gol IV, V
+ HNO3 ad asam + AgNO3 ad mengendap sempurna

Endapan Gol IV
AgCl, AgBr, AgI, AgCNS, AgS2O3 (---Ag2S) Tapisan
Gol V
+NH4OH ad larut, hangatkan + (NH4)2S ad endapan hitam habis

Tapisan NH4Cl, NH4I, NH4Br, NH4CNS

Endapan Ag2S dipanaskan ad bau NH3 hilang, dinginkan + HNO3 ad asam
+ 3-5 ml CCl4/ CHCl3, gojog 3’

Lapisan CCL4 / CHCl3--- ungu I2 (+) Lapisan air

Dipanaskan + KMnO4 <<
+ CCL4 / CHCl3, gojog

Lapisan air dibagi dua

1+ FeCl3 << --- merah CNS (+)
2+ NaNO2 + AgNO3 --- end putih Cl2 (+)

Lapisan CCL4 / CHCl3--- kuning coklat Br2 (+)

 Tapisan Gol V
ClO3-, CH3COO-, NO3-, NO2-

Tapisan dibagi dua:

+ 1 ml H2SO4 e
+ AgNO3 dipanaskan end putih
+ NH4OH --- larut ClO3- (+)

Dinetralkan + FeCl3
--- end merah CH3COO- (+)
1 CO3-2
a dengan HCle
CO3-2 + H+ --- CO2 + H2O
CO2 + Ca+2 + 2 OH- --- end CaCO3 + H2O
CO2 + Ba+2 + 2 OH- --- end BaCO3 + H2O
b Dengan AgNO3
2 Ag+ + CO3-2 --- end perak Ag2CO3

1 HCO3-
Pendidihan
HCO3- dipanaskan 100OC, CO2 --- + Ca+2 + OH- -- end CaCO3 + H2O

1 SO3-2
Dalam HCle --- SO3-2 + 2H+ --- SO2 (bau S-2) + H2O

1 S2O3-2
+ HCl --- end S + SO2 + H2O
+ I2 --- 2I- + S4O6-2 (tetrationat)

1S-2
+ HCl --- H2S
+ AgNO3 --- Ag2S + Pb+2 (hitam) --- larut dalam HNO 3 e, dipanaskan
 1[Fe(CN)6]-4 (Heksasianoferat (II)
+ FeCl3 --- end Fe4[Fe(CN)6]-3 (biru) [Feriferosianida]
+ CuSO4 --- end Cu2[Fe(CN)6] (coklat)

1CN-
AgNO3 --- CN- + Ag+ --- end Ag(CN) + CN- ---[Ag(CN)2]

1SCN-
+ CuSO4 --- end Cu(SCN)2 hijau + HSO3- --- hitam
end Cu(SCN)2 + SO2 +2 H2O --- end 2CuSCN (putih) +2 SCN- + SO4-2 + 4H+

1NO2- (nitrit)
+ HCl e --- HNO2 dipanaskan HNO3 + 2NO + H 2O
+ CH3COOH --- HNO2 + CH3COO-
3 HNO2 --- H2O + HNO3 + 2 NO
+ FeSO4 + NO --- [Fe(NO)]SO4

1[Fe(CN)6]-3 (Heksasianoferat (III)

+ FeCl3 --- end Fe [Fe(CN)6] (coklat)
+ CuSO4 --- end Cu3[Fe(CN)6]-2 (hijau)
 1Cl-
+H2SO4p : HClp + HSO4- + Pb(CH3COO)2 --- end PbCl2 (putih)

1I-
+ H2SO4 --- I2 + SO4-2 + 2 H2O
I2 + Pb+2--- end PbI2 (kuning)
I2 + Amylum --- biru
+ H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan)
+ ai Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah
1ClO3-
+ H2SO4 --- 2 ClO2 + ClO4- + 3 SO4-2 + 2H+ + K+ + H2O
+ HI --- I2 + Cl- + 3 H2O
(kuning)
I2 + Amylum --- biru
+ H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan)
+ ai Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah
1Br-
+ HNO3 --- 3 Br2 + 2NO + 6 NO3- + 4 H2O
+ H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan)
+ ai Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah

1BrO3-
+ Ag --- End AgBrO3 (putih) + 2NH3 --- [Ag(NH3)2]+ + BrO3-
+ HI --- I2 + Cl- + 3 H2O
(kuning)
I2 + Amylum --- biru
+ H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan)
+ air Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah
 1ClO4-2 (perklorat)
+ K+ --- end KClO4 (putih)
+ NH3 --- end NH4ClO4 (putih)

1CrO4-2 dan Cr2O7-2

CrO4-2 + Ba+2 --- end BaCrO4 (kuning)
Cr2O7-2 + 2 Ba+2 + H2O --- end 2 BaCrO4 (kuning dipinggir) + 2H +

1MnO4-
+ 5 H2S + 6 H+ --- end S-2 + 2 Mn+2 + 8 H2O
+ 5 Fe+2 + 3 H+ --- end 5 Fe+3 + Mn+2 + 4 H2O
+ 5 NO2- + 6 H+ --- end 5 NO3- + 2 Mn+2 + 8 H2O

1SO4-2
+ Ba+2 --- end BaSO4 (putih)
+ Pb+2 --- end PbSO4 (putih)
+ 2 Ag+ --- end Ag2SO4 (putih)

1IO3-
+ Ag --- End AgIO3 (putih) + 2 NH3 --- [Ag(NH3)2]+ + IO3-
[Ag(NH3)2]+ + H2SO3 --- end AgI + 3 SO3-2 + 2 NH4 + 4 H+ (beda dgn
BrO3-