BAB XV

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

(KALIMAT LANGSUNG DAN TIDAK LANGSUNG)
1. Kalimat Langsung (KL) adalah kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh seseorang atau kalimat yang dikutip / ditirukan
dari seseorang tanpa mengubah susunan dan kata-katanya sedikit pun.

Contoh: 1. “I am ill”, said Mary.

2. Mary said, “ I am ill”.

3. John said, “I am very sorry”.

 Bila kalimat langsung itu berupa kutipan atau tiruan langsung maka ia ditulis dalam tanda kutip (“ … “).

 Kalimat lansung terdiri dari 2 bagian:

a. Kata kerja yang memberitakan (the reporting verb).
b. Kata-kata yang diberitakan/diceritakan (the words reported).

Misalnya: “says” dan “said” pada contoh di atas adalah “the reporting verb”.

“I am ill” dan “ I am very sorry” adalah “the words reported).

“The words reported” dapat berupa:

 Perintah (commands), Permintaan (request), atau Larangan (negative commands).
 Pernyataan (statements).
 Pertanyaan (questions).
 Perintah, Permintaan, Larangan 
a. Jika “the words reported” berupa perintah kita menggunakan to pada kalimat tak langsung.

Contoh: Mr. Smith says to me, “Hurry up!” (KL)

Mr. Smith says to me to hurry up. (KTL)

b. Jika “the words reported” berupa larangan, kita menggunakan not to pada kalimat tak langsung.

Contoh: Mr. Black said to me, “Don’t make noise!” (KL)

Mr. Black said to me not to make noise. (KTL)

c. Jika “the words reported” berupa perintah atau permintaan, biasanya kita menggunakan tell atau ask sebagai “reporting verb”.
Maka susunan kalimat tak langsung menjadi:

tell / ask + indirect object + to …

Contoh: 1. Jane said to me, “Open the window!” (KL)
Jane told me to open the window. (KTL)
2. Jane said to me, “Open the window, please!” (KL)
Jane asked me to open the window (KTL)
d. Bentuk “personal pronoun” disesuaikan dengan maksud pemberi perintah atau larangan.
Contoh: Jane said to me, “Open the window for me!” (KL)
Jane told me to open the window for her. (KTL)
 Pernyataan (Statement)
a. Jika “the words reported” berupa pernyataan, kita menggunakan that pada kalimat tak langsung.

b. Jika “the reporting verb” dalam bentuk Present Simple Tense, PCT, PPT, PFT, “the words reported”
tidak mengalami perubahan waktu (tenses). Yang berubah hanya “personal pronoun”.
Contoh: He says , “I am hungry”.(KL)

He says that he is hungry. (KTL)

 Perhatikan bahwa “the words reported” pada contoh kalimat langsung dan kal. tak langsung
berbentuk: Simple Present Tense.

c. Jika “reporting verb” dalam bentuk Past Simple Tense atau PPT, “the words reported” mengalami
perubahan waktu (tenses), keterangan waktu (adverb of time), keterangan tempat (adverb of place), dan
perubahan-perubahan lain.

Contoh: Mary said, “I am ill”. (KT)

Mary said that she was ill. (KTL)
 Perubahan waktu (tenses)
 Simple Present Tense  Simple Past Tense
 Present Continuous Tense  Past Continuous Tense
 Present Future Tense  Past Future Tense
 Present Perfect Future Tense  Past Perfect Future Tense
 Simple Past Tense  Past Perfect Tense
 Past Perfect Tense  Past Perfect Tense 
 Perubahan keterangan waktu, tempat dan perubahan lain.
- here  there
- this  that
- these  those
- now  then
- ago  before
- today  that day
- a month ago  a month before
- next week  the following week
- next year  the following year
- yesterday  the day before
- tomorrow  the day after
- last night  the night before
 Pertanyaan (Questions)
a. “The words reported” pada kal. tak langsung bersusunan kal. berita/pertanyaan (subyek mendahului predikat)
meskipun “the words reported” pada kal. langsung berupa kalimat tanya.
Contoh: I asked the man, “Where is your wife?” (KL)
I asked the man where his wife was. (KTL)
b. Jika “the words reported” berbentuk Question words question (kal. tanya yang dimulai dengan “QW” atau kata
tanya seperti when, where, what, how), kita menggunakan “QW” itu pada kal. tak langsung.
Contoh: John asked me, “What is your name?” (KL)
John asked me what my name was. (KTL)
c. Jika “the words reported” berbentuk Yes / No Questions (kal. tanya yang dimulai dengan “auxiliary verb” dan
dapat dijawab dengan “Yes” atau “No”), kita menggunakan if atau whether pada kal. tak langsung.
Contoh: 1. He asked me, “Are you tired?” (KL)
He asked me if I was tired. (KTL)
2. They asked me, “Can you help us next month?” (KL)
They asked me whether I could help them the following month. (KTL)
2. Kalimat tidak Langsung (KTL) adalah kalimat yang diucapkan
secara tidak langsung oleh seseorang atau kalimat yang dikutip /
ditirukan dengan isi/maksud yang sama dengan mengubah susunan
dan kata-katanya (atau susunan dan kata-katanya tidak persis sama
dengan aslinya).
Contoh: 1. Mary says that she is ill.
2. John said that he was very sorry.
Reported Speech (Chapter XV)
Reported speech refers to using a noun clause to report what someone
has said.
No Quoted Speech Reported Speech
1. She said, “I study English every day.” She said (that) she studied English every day.
2. She said, “I am studying English.” She said (that) she was studying English.
3. She said, “I have studied English.” She said (that) she had studied English.
4. She said, “I studied English.” She said (that) she had studied English.
5. She said, “I will study English.” She said (that) she would study English.
6. She said, “I am going to study English.” She said (that) she was going to study English.
7. She said, “I can study English.” She said (that) she could study English.
8. She said, “I may study English.” She said (that) she might study English.
9. She said, “I might study English.” She said (that) she might study English.
10. She said, “I must study English.” She said (that) she had to study English.
11. She said, “I have to study English.” She said (that) she had to study English.
12. She said, “I should study English.” She said (that) she should study English.
13. She said, “I ought to study English.” She said (that) she ought to study English.
14. She said, “Study English.” She told me to study English.
15. She said, “Do you study English?” She asked me if I studied English.
Exercise 1
Complete the sentences by changing the quoted speech to report speech.
1. Indhra said, “I will help you.”
Indhra said ……
2. Christho asked, “Are you hungry?’’
Christho asked me ……
3. Tika asked, “Where is Deta?”
Tika asked me ……
4. Patrick asked, “Have you seen my little brother?”
Patrick asked me ……
5. Mrs. Andrea asked, “Will you be in class tomorrow?”
Mrs. Andrea asked me ……
6. Nico asked, “Did you enjoy your trip?”
Nico asked me ……
7. David said, “I have to go downtown.”
David said ……
8. Mr. John said, “Clean the blackboard.”
Mr. John said ……
9. The librarian said, “Don’t make noise.”
The librarian told me ……
10. They ask me, “Can you help us next month?”
They ask me ……