WAWANCARA DAN

WAWANCARA MENDALAM
PART 1: WAWANCARA
WAWANCARA

Wawancara adalah tanya jawab dengan maksud memperoleh

data untuk keperluan tertentu
Pewawancara (Interviewer)

Syarat wawancara

Yang diwawancarai (Narasumber)

SIFAT WAWANCARA

On the record
Off the record

Background
Deep Background
LANGKAH PERSIAPAN WAWANCARA

Menetapkan Tujuan

Memilih informasi/data sesuai tujuan

Menentukan Narasumber

Menghubungi Narasumber

Menyusun pokok-pokok pertanyaan

Jenis-jenis Pertanyaan

Pertanyaan Terbuka Pertanyaan Tertutup

(Open-Ended) (Close-Ended)
 Kebebasan
menjawab
Ditandai
Pertanyaan dengan
Terbuka 5W+1H
 Membatasi
jawaban
Pertanyaan
Tertutup
Pola jawaban
dikotomus/
satu pilihan
tertentu
 Struktur Wawancara

Piramyd Funnel Diamond

• Awal: CQ •Awal: OQ • Awal: CQ
• Akhir: OQ •Akhir: CQ • Tengah: OQ
• Akhir: CQ
KELEBIHAN WAWANCARA

Moti Obser Konfir

probing
vasi vasi masi

Waktu
Skill
Tergantung kondisi
Bias informasi
Kekurangan
Wawancara
 Rekaman Audio

Rekaman Izin narasumber

Wawancara

Rekaman Catatan (Field

Note)
REKAMAN AUDIO
KELEBIHAN
Akurat
Pewawancara Bebas
Kontak Mata
Didengar Ulang
KEKURANGAN
Narasumber≠bebas
Sulit rekam hal penting
Biaya
REKAMAN
CATATAN
KELEBIHAN
Penanya waspada/siaga
Menambah ingatan
Fokus hal penting
Simbol ketertarikan
KEKURANGAN
Hilang eye contact
Hilang rentetan percakapan
Fokus pd fakta (-) perasaan
SEBELUM MELAKUKAN
WAWANCARA

Persiapan tempat wawancara

Kontak narasumber
Siapkan topik wawancara
Berbusana sesuai
Datang lebih awal
 Sikap
Pewawancara

Bersahabat/
Bahasa Santai
Santai

Mendengar Netral

Menghargai
Memulai wawancara
Berjabat tangan

Sebutkan nama
dan tujuan Anda

Ambil buku catatan,

tape recorder

Pastikan tape recorder bekerja

dengan baik
PERTANYAAN
PEMBUKA

 Pertanyaan terbuka
 Simak
 Lihat respon
SELAMA
WAWANCARA

≠ > 45 menit - 1 jam

Pahami informasi interviewee
Pertanyaan kemungkinan
MENUTUP WAWANCARA

 Konfirmasi tambahan opini

 Simpulkan
 Ucapkan terima kasih dan
berjabat tanganlah
LAPORAN WAWANCARA

Buat laporan segera

Buat pokok2 kesimpulan
Review laporan dengan
responden
PART 1I: WAWANCARA MENDALAM
(INDEPTH INTERVIEW)
 INDEPTH INTERVIEW

is a qualitative research technique that allows person

to person discussion.It can lead to increased insight
into people’s thoughts, feeling, and behavior
on important issues
TYPES OF INTERVIEW
Semi
Unstructured
Structured

Informal Used
conversation interview
guides
Encourage informant to
express themselves in
The guides provide a
their own term
clear instruction about
question and probing
Probe
effectively
The order and wording of
question not always the
Can Be Used same for each informant
Builds Well In
Observations
UTILIZATION and LIMITATION of INDEPTH INTERVIEW

Utilization Life History

Limitation What the People Said
and What the People
Do is Different

Key Informan Interview

What The People Said and

What The People Do
Different in Different
Interview With Situation
Someone
Individually
The Limitation of
Information
Methode for
Selecting informat
Snowbolling

Personal Contact

Approach to the instituti

 PROBING
Elaboration probe
Type of
Probes are devices used to prompt Probing Clarification probe
an informant to speak further when Repeat probe (repeat the
an initial question fails to elicit the question)
desired Information Echo probe (repeat
informant answers)
Recapitulation probe

Silent probe
Encouragement probe
INTERVIEW AND CONVERSATION TECHNIQUE
 When the subject of the interview is not at home converse with other
member of family
 Respect to the confidentially of the informant and be very careful not
to comment about persons interviewed
 Do not influence or bias response
 Donot influence a question by introducing your attitudes and
behavior
 Try to work in as much depth possible
 Don’t answered a question asked by informan
 Be patient, Create pause to allow time for you and informan to think
 Do not interrupt an informant’s works
 Be familiar with the data collection instrument
 Always be truthful about the purpose of the interview
 Used moderated friendly, tone of voice, be natural
INTERVIEWING
THE ACTUAL INTERVIEW CONSISTS 3 MAIN PARTS :

1. Introducing yourself and the study

2. Establish a good rapport with informant
3. Listen and observe as you guide the informant through conversation untill all of the important
issues on the interview guide are explored

STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF THE INDEPTH INTERVIEW EXPERIENCE

4. Active listening
2. Patience
3. Flexibility
4. Audio recording
28
ACTIVE LISTENING
Listen and rephrases what was said to insure that you completely understand
the meaning the informant intends

PATIENTS
Do not rush the informant and aloow him/her to speak freely while guiding the
conversation to cover important issues

FLEXIBILITY
Listen and rephrases what was said to insure that you completely understand
the meaning the informant intends

AUDIO RECORDING
Audio tape the interview for later reference and increased accuracy

29
OPENING INDEPTH INTERVIEW

 Introducing the name of interviewer and note takers

 The objective of the study
 To keep secret informant name
 Asked permission for taking notes and records the conversation
 Mention the duration of interview
 Inform consent

The end of interview

 Summary of the finding
30
 31

The “Dos”
 Begin interview with a friendly and familiar greeting
 Listen with situation to capture every piece of information from
informant
Tips on how to  Explore key words ,phrases,idioms,terms as they occur in the

conduct an discussion
 Listen the impression ,topics avoided by informant, deliberate the
indepth distortions or misunderstanding. Take prompt action to explore each
interview of these
 Ensure a natural flow of discussion by guiding informant from one
topic to the next
 Play dumb (be silent) to give the informant plenty room to talk
 Be open to unexpected information
 32

‘The Don’ts’
 Influence or bias responses by introducing one’s own
Tips on how to perceptions or asking leading questions which encourage
conduct an a particular response

indepth  Move too quickly from one topic to the next

interview  Interrupt the informant

 Do not mislead about the subject matter in order to
obtain information
33
FIELD
NOTES

1. Day and duration of interview

2. Description the place and the process of
inteview
3. Note the brief finding and write the key words
4. Write the expanded field notes as soon as
possible