• Phenobarbital, carbamazepine,
phenytoin intermiten pada saat
demam tidak berguna untuk
mencegah kejang demam.
– Knudsen. Practical management approaches
to simple and complex febrile seizures.
Dalam: Baram TZ, Shinnar S, eds, Febrile
seizures. San Diego: Academic Press
2002;p.1-20
Pengobatan bila anak datang
dalam keadaan kejang
Antikonvulsan pada saat
kejang demam
• Pemberian diazepam rektal pada saat kejang
sangat efektif dalam menghentikan kejang.
• Diazepam rektal diberikan segera saat kejang
berlangsung, dan dapat diberikan di rumah (level
I, rekomendasi A).
• Diazepam rektal yang dianjurkan adalah 0,3-
0,5mg/kg
• Untuk memudahkan dapat digunakan dosis:
• 5 mg untuk berat badan kurang dari 10 kg
• 10 mg untuk berat badan lebih dari 10 kg
– Knudsen. Rectal administration of diazepamin solution in the acute
treament of convulsion in infants and children. Arch Dis Child 1979;54:855-
7.
– Dieckman. Rectal diazepam for prehospital status epilepticus.
An Emerg Med 1994;23:216-24
– Alldregde dkk.Effect of prehospital treatment on the outcome of status
epilepticus in children. Pediatr Neurol 1995;12:213-6.
Antikonvulsan pada saat
kejang demam
• Bila kejang belum berhenti, dapat
diulang dengan dosis sama setelah 3-5
menit
– Kesepakatan Saraf Anak
– Cari NCPP
Risiko mengalami
kecacatan atau kematian
• Kejadian kecacatan atau kematian
sebagai komplikasi kejang demam
tidak pernah dilaporkan.
– Ellenberg Nelson
– Knudsen
Quality of evidence
• I Evidence obtained from at least one properly RCT
• II-1 Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled
trials without randomization
• II-2 Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort
or case-control analytic studies, preferably from
more than one center or research group
• II-3 Evidence obtained from comparisons between
times or places with or without the intervention.
Dramatic results in uncontrolled experiments (such
as the results of treatment with penicillin in the 1940s)
could also be included in this category
• III Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical
experiences, descriptive studies or reports of
experts committees
Classification of
recommendations
1. There is good evidence to support the recommendation
that the intervention be performed
2. There is fair evidence to support the recommendation that
the intervention be performed
3. There is poor evidence regarding the value or harm of the
intervention; recommendations may be made on other
grounds
4. There is fair evidence to support the recommendation that
the intervention not be performed
5. There is good evidence to support the recommendation
that the intervention not be performed
• Sackett et al. BMJ, 1996;312:71-2
• The Canadian Task Force on Periodic Health Examination
(1994)
Manajemen kejang (tambahan)