KDFSDKLNFKSLDNF
KDFSDKLNFKSLDNF
Perpindahan terus O2
liters/minbradypnea
Ventilasi Normal
Ventilasi normal.
• Carbon dioxide darah (pCO2) 35–40 mmHg
Ventilasi abnormal.
• Hypoventilasi: pCO2 > 40 mmHg
• Hyperventilasi: pCO2 < 35 mmHg
Capnography
• End-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) berhubungan erat dengan pCO2
Tanda dan Gejala Pernafasan yang
tidak adekuat
Sesak : bercakap pendek-pendek,tidak satu
kalimat penuh
Laju nafas >> atau<<,
Irregular
Kwalitas ; pengembangan rongga dada tidak
simetris ,adanya suara nafas tambahan,
retraksi
Kedalaman: hyper / hypoventilation
Tatalaksana
Bagaimana tatalaksana penderita dengan
gangguan pernafasan ?
Oxygen therapy
Oxygen is given to treat hypoxaemia.
Patients should initially be given a high concentration. The amount can
then be adjusted according to the results of pulse oximetry and arterial
blood gas analysis.
The dangers of reducing hypoxic drive have been overemphasised;
hypoxaemia is more dangerous than hypercapnia. The theoretical dangers
of oxygen toxicity are unimportant if the patient is hypoxaemic.
PEMBERIAN OKSIGEN
NASAL CANULA
sistem aliran rendah
konsentrasi O2 40 - 60%
Face mask dgn
O2 reservoir bag
Konsentrasi O2 > 60%
28
Venturi mask
Memberi O2 dlm konsentrasi yg tetap
sering digunakan utk pasien COPD
konsentrasi O2 yg disediakan 24%, 35%,
40%, 60%, 80%.
Venturi
(by Giovanni Venturi)
Jet
Entrainment port
30
Venturi Flow (Hudson RCI)