BAHAN PERKERASAN

(Semester 4; 2 sks)
Dosen: Yasruddin, MT
Utami Sylvia Lestari, MT
SETYOWATI 081327535362
SILABUS
 Bahan lapis keras, jenis konstruksi dan karakteristiknya
 Aspal sebagai bahan ikat: Pengertian, jenis dan komposisi,
proses manufaktur, properties dan cara pemeriksaan,
spesifikasi.
 Agregat sebagai bahan utama dan filler: pengertian, jenis,
gradasi, sifat dan proses terjadinya, pemeriksaan, spesifikasi
dan mix design agregat.
 Perencanaan campuran aspal agregat: prinsip dasar
perencanaan pencampuran, metode pencampuran, metode
Marshall, Marshal test, penentuan kadar aspal optimum, dan
pelaksanaan pencampuran aspal agregat di lapangan.
 Nilai struktural campuran aspal dan agregat.
 Kerusakan jalan: jenis, identifikasi kerusakan dan metode
survey, faktor penyebab kerusakan jalan, metode evaluasi
kerusakan jalan (mis. PCI) dan metode perbaikan mengatasi
kerusakan.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA (1)
 Asphalt Institute, 1983, Principles of Construction Hot mix
Asphalt Pavement, MS- 22, Maryland, USA.
 Asphalt Institute, 1984, Asphalt Technology and
Construction Practices (ES-1), The Asphalt Institute
Building College Park, Maryland.
 Krebs, RD and Walker, RD, 1971, Highway Material, Mc
Graw Hill.
 Roberts, Kandhal and Brown, 1991, Hot Mix Asphalt
Material, Mixture Design and Construction, Napa
Education Foundation Anham, Maryland.
 Whiteoak, D., 1990, The Shell Bitument Hand Book, Shell,
International Petroleum Company Limited, London.
 Hosking, R., 1992, Road Aggregates and Skidding, HMSO,
London.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA (2)
 Khairudin, M.A, 1993, Tinjauan Umum Hasil Aplikasi SMA
dengan Bahan Tambah Serat Selulosa, PusLitBang Jalan
Raya, Departemen Pekerjaan Umum, Jakarta.

 O’flaherty, C.A., 2002. Highways - The Location, Design,

Construction & Maintenance of Pavements, 4th edition,
Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford.

 Anon, 2000. Bituminous Pavements – Materials, Design

and Evaluation, Lecturer Notes, School of Civil
Engineering, University of Nottingham.
Jenis Struktur Perkerasan

Jenis perkerasan
 Jalan raya (Highway)

 Bandar udara

 Rel kereta api (Railway)

Jenis struktur perkerasan

 Fleksibel (Flexible pavement)

 Kaku (Rigid pavement)

 Komposit (Composite pavement)

Lapis perkerasan

Mengapa harus diberi lapis

perkerasan?
Mengapa perkerasan dibuat berlapis?

Semakin keatas tegangan yang dipikul semakin

besar maka butuh perkerasan yang semakin
bermutu. Perkerasan bagian bawah dapat
menggunakan bahan yang mutunya lebih
PAVEMENT rendah (harga lebih murah)

(PERKERASAN)
Daya dukung tanah dasar rendah, maka butuh
TANAH DASAR lapis perkerasan
Lapis perkerasan (1)
Gravel road (Jalan kerikil) Sealed granular road
(Jalan kerikil dilapisi aspal tipis)

GRANULAR (KERIKIL) GRANULAR (KERIKIL)

SOIL (TANAH) SOIL (TANAH)

Asphalt pav’t (Jalan aspal) Concrete pav’t (Jalan beton)

ASPHALT (AGG+ASPAL)
CONCRETE (BETON)
GRANULAR (KERIKIL) GRANULAR (KERIKIL)
SOIL (TANAH) SOIL (TANAH)
Lapis perkerasan (2)
Composite pavement Heavy duty concrete
(perkerasan komposit) (Jalan beton utk lalin berat)

ASPHALT (AGG+ASPAL) CONCRETE (BETON)

CONCRETE (BETON) CEMENT TREATED
(STAB SEMEN)
GRANULAR (KERIKIL) GRANULAR (KERIKIL)
SOIL (TANAH) SOIL (TANAH)

Block pavement (lalin berat) Railway

Rel
ASPHALT or
BALLAST (GRANULAR)
CEMENT TREATED
GRANULAR (KERIKIL) SUB-BALLAST (GRANULAR)

SOIL (TANAH) SOIL (TANAH)

Cross-Section perkerasan
Basic pavement layers Heavy duty pevement
(Lapis perkerasan standar) (Perkerasan utk kendaraan berat)

Wearing course
Surfacing
(Lapis Permukaan) Binder course

Base course Base course

(Lapis pondasi atas/ LPA)

Sub-base course
Sub-base course
(Lapis pondasi bawah/ LPB)

Capping
Subgrade (Landasan)
(Tanah dasar)
Subgrade
Fungsi lapis perkerasan
Lapis fungsional (air hujan, suhu, kekesatan, suara)

Wearing course
Binder course

Harga bahan semakin mahal,

Lapis struktural (kekuatan)
Base course

Kekuatan struktural naik

Sub-base course

semakin tipis
Capping
(Landasan)

Subgrade
Bahan ikat antara lapis perkerasan
(Bonding)

Wearing course
(Asphalt) Tack coat (Aspal emulsi atau
Aspal+minyak tanah)
Binder course
(Asphalt)
Prime coat (Aspal + minyak
tanah)
Base course
(Unbound material/ granular)
Road pavement
Surfacing
Asphalt mechanics
Binder course

Concrete

Base course

Soil mechanics
Sub-base course

Sub-grade
Failure mechanism

TRAFFIC LOAD

CRACKING

TENSION
COMPRESSION

RUTTING
 Asphalt mechanics
Asphalt materials:
STRAIN DEPENDENT
STRESS
Stiffness = ---------------------
STRAIN
S tiffne s s

Critical

100%
F ailure

50%

No . o f s ta nda rd a xle s
Asphalt mechanics
STRESS
STIFFNESS ? Stiffness = ---------------------
STRAIN
σ = Q/ab
εx = x / L
E = σ/εx = QL / xab

Q y

L z
x
cross section area = ab
Asphalt mechanics
TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENT
Asphalt mechanics
RESPONSE TO
LOADS
Asphalt mechanics
VISCO-ELASTIC
MATERIALS
Soil mechanics

STRENGTH vs WATER ‫ = ז‬σ’ tan ø’

DRY CONDITION

σ’= σ - u WET CONDITION

Soil mechanics
Soil and granular: STRESS DEPENDENT
DEFORMATION (%)

FAILURE
PERMANENT

STRESS
Upper layer stiffness – bottom layer stress
POOR STRESS DISTRIBUTION BETTER STRESS DISTRIBUTION

LOW STIFFNESS HIGH STIFFNESS

HIGH STRESS LOW STRESS

THE ‘IDEAL’ PAVEMENT
Mo ving whe e l lo ads

S kid re s is tant s urfac e

High stiffness
Main structural element
(Durable) Crack resistant

[Bound Material]
Deformation resistant

Pavement Foundation Ade quate platfo rm to plac e

(Well drained) laye r abo ve

[Granular material over soil]

Komponen bahan perkerasan
 Agregat
 Bahan ikat:
aspal (perkerasan fleksibel)
Portland cement (perkerasan kaku)
 Bahan tambah (additives)
Kapur (lime)
PC
Lain-lain