PENYUSUNAN KONTRAK
ADALAH TINDAKAN
MENULISKAN SYARAT DAN
KETENTUAN PERJANJIAN.
15
UU Bugerlijk Wetboek
(BW)/Kitab Undang-
Undang Hukum
Perdata
Pasal 1338 KUH
Perdata
Perjanjian
Timbulnya Hak dan Kewajiban
Unsur-unsur peristiwa kongkrit dari
persetujuannya telah memenuhi Unsur-unsur
dalam pasal 1338 KUH Perdata dan pasal 1320
KUH Perdata
Contract
Negotiation
"you don't get what you
deserve; you get what you
negotiate."
Pengertian Negosiasi Kontrak
● Melindungi klien dengan meminimalkan risiko yang akan timbul dan memaksimalkan pendapatan
dari klien
● Bertindak secara profesional sehingga pengacara tidak rentan terhadap klaim malpraktik atau
mengecewakan klien (yang selalu dapat menemukan pengacara lain), dan
● Hasilkan uang (faktor terakhir ini menciptakan insentif buruk bahwa semakin banyak waktu yang
dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan kesepakatan, semakin banyak uang yang dihasilkan pengacara.
Dengan kata lain, menguntungkan jika salah satu atau kedua belah pihak menunda negosiasi).
Cara Bernegosiasi
● Hindari Emosi
● Ketenangan hati diperlukan
● Fokus kepada tujuan
Take it or Leave it!
Definisi Kontrak
1. Mariam Darus Badrulzaman menerangkan kontrak
adalah "Sebuah Perbuatan hukum yang menimbulkan
perikatan, yaitu hubungan hukum yang terjadi di antara
dua orang atau lebih, yang terletak di dalam lapangan
kekayaan dimana pihak yang satu berhak atas prestasi
dan pihak lainnya wajib memenuhi prestasi" (Mariam
Darus Badrulzaman; 1980;3).
42
Terjadinya Kesepakatan
Menurut Mariam Darus Badrulzaman ada empat teori tentang saat
terjadinya sepakat yaitu:
1) Teori kehendak (wilstheorie) mengajarkan bahwa
kesepakatan terjadi pada saat dinyatakannya kehendak pihak
penerima.
2) Teori pengiriman (verzendtheorie) mengajarkan bahwa
kesepakatan terjadi pada saat kehendak yang dinyatakan itu
dikirim oleh pihak yang menerima tawaran.
43
Perjanjian
Perjanjian Tertulis
Mengingat Alat Bukti Surat, 164 HIR
Kata Sepakat, pasal 1320 butir 1 KUH Per
Cap Jempol
Tanda Tangan
Perjanjian Tidak Tertulis
Kata Sepakat,
45
Perjanjian Tertulis
Pasal 1338 ayat (1) KUH.Perdata. menyebutkan,
1. Semua persetujuan yang dibuat secara sah sesuai
dengan undang-undang berlaku sebagai undang-
undang bagi mereka yang membuatnya.
Kata "semua" menunjukkan adanya kebebasan
bagi setiap orang untuk membuat perjanjian
dengan siapa saja dan tentang apa saja, asalkan
tidak dilarang oleh hukum
46
Sifat Perjanjian
Kepatutan
Kebiasaan
Undang-Undang
54
60
61
Anatomy of Contract …
1.Akreditasi/Promosi
2.Asumsi Penyelesaian Jasa/Penyerahan
Barang
3.Pembatasan Pertanggung jawaban
(Liability)
69
1.Force Majeure
2.Penyelesaian Sengketa
3.Closing Statement –Demikianlah Perjanjian dibuat
2…
4.Tempat dan Tanggal Tanda Tangan – Jakarta 25-11-
2021
5.Tanda Tangan/ Kesepakatan Klien
6.Lampiran
70
Format Lain
1.Para pihak
2.Pendahuluan
3.Definisi
4.Pernyataan dan Jaminan
5.Isi Kontrak
71
1. Harga
2. Ketentuan dan Metode Pembayaran
3. Kewajiban pembayaran
4. Waktu & Penyerahan
5. Hak/title
6. Tanggung jawab & Ganti rugi
7. Perpajakan
72
1. Kerahasiaan
2. Litigasi/Arbitrasi /Alternative Dispute Resolution
3. Hukum yang Berlaku
4. Yurisdiksi
5. Pengesampingan
6. Lampiran
JUDUL (HEADING)
Komparisi
1. 1. Tuan X,swasta bertempat tinggal di Jakarta
Pusat, Jalan Kebo Iwa no.21, Jakarta. Yang
selanjutnya disebut sebagai Pihak Pertama.
2. 2. Tuan Y,swasta bertempat tinggal di Jakarta
Selatan,jalan Penatih no.12, Jakarta. Yang
selanjutnya disebut sebagai Pihak Kedua.
KOMPARISI
Isi Perjanjian
Hak Kewajiban
X A B
Y B A
KETENTUAN DAN PERSYARATAN
(Terms and Conditions)
1. What are Terms and Conditions of a
Contract
a. What are the terms and conditions of a
contract is a common question among parties
entering into a contract. When dealing with
contracts, both parties should fully
understand all elements of a contract.
81
a. Elements of a Contract
i. The contract itself must include the following:
1. Offer
2. Acceptance
3. Consideration
4. Parties who have the legal capacity
5. Lawful subject matter
6. Mutual agreement among both parties
7. Mutual understanding of the obligation
82
Anatomy of Contract
1. The Title
a. This is what you call the agreement (obviously). The title should
accurately reflect the substance of the contract. For example,
you don't want to call a contract an "Employee/Independent
Contractor Agreement." If it's an employment agreement, call it
that. If it's an independent contract agreement, call it that. Don't
mix up the two because it makes the relationship less clear.
83
1. The Parties
a. You need to identify the individuals or entities subject
to the contract. If you are dealing with a business,
make sure you have the correct business. You may
want to confirm that the business is licensed. This is
particularly important if you don't want personal
liability for the contract.
84
1. The Recitals/Background
a. This explains why the parties are entering into the
contract. They can be more important than you think.
Some states (such as Nevada) have rules of evidence
which state that written recitals can be taken as non-
rebuttable statements of fact.
85
1. The Consideration
a. Each party needs to have some sort of "legal
detriment" or obligation when entering into a
contract for a contract to even exist. The idea is
that one party can't be bound to another in
exchange for nothing. Something of value needs to
actually be exchanged. This is most often money,
but it can also be a binding promise of some sort.
86
1. The Terms
a. The terms explain what each party is going to do, and perhaps
how they will do it and for how long. This is more or less the
reason for the contract. The terms should be clear. It may help
to consider the who, what, where, when, why, and how. If
there is a payment to be made, who is making it? what amount
is being paid? When is it paid? Where it is it paid? How is it
paid? And of course, what happens if it is not paid? You can
ask these questions whether the duty is to pay or perform.
87
1. The "Boilerplate"
a. These are extra terms that make a big difference in the
contract. This is the "legalese" that attorneys include in
contracts to protect themselves or their clients. Frankly, a
lot of the boilerplate is not important if everyone
performs their duties. When that does not happen, the
boilerplate can make a huge difference in how the
problem is resolved. An attorney can help you
understand what the terms mean.
88
1. The Signatures
a. You wouldn't think that signing a documents would need
an explanation, but it does. If you are entering into a
contract as a business entity, do not sign the contract
individually. Make sure you clearly indicate that you are
signing on behalf as the business. If a signature is required,
get the signature. Similarly, if you have places for initials
in your contract, get the initials. Failing to have signature
or initials can create ambiguity in the event things go bad.
89
Isi Kontrak
1.Isi Kontrak
2.Sepakat dan Setuju
Isi Kontrak
1. Pada bagian inilah para pihak mencantumkan
segala hal atau pokok-pokok yang dianggap
perlu yang merupakan kehendak para pihak
sebagai suatu pernyataan tertulis yang sah.
2. Isi perjanjian dapat dipilah menjadi 3 bagian
yaitu:
1. Ad 1 Unsur –unsur prestasi dibedakan dalam suatu perjanjian
dengan perjanjian lainnya
2. Esensialia
a. Inti dari unsur esensialia ini adalah suatu prestasi-prestasi yang
di buat oleh kedua belah pihak mempunyai perbedaan dari jenis
perjanjian yang lain dan mempunyai karakteristik sendiri-
sendiri. Seperti dalam membuat definisi, rumusan bahkan
pengertian dari perjanjian. Contoh perjanjian jual beli dibedakan
dengan perjnjian tukar-menukar.
92
1. LAMPIRAN (ATTACHMENTS/EXHIBITS)
a. Dalam surat perjanjian tidak jarang dan biasa disertai dengan
lampiran,apabila terdapat hal-hal yang perlu disertakan atau
dilekatkan pada perjanjian induk,misalnya seperti Surat
Kuasa,Perincian Harga atau Macam-macam barang dengan
Typenya,pelaksanaan pekerjaan atau jenis-jenisnya,bentuk
laporan,gambar-gambar atau schema dan sebagainya
Pasca Kontrak
• Pelaksanaan;
• Penafsiran;
• Penyelesaian sengketa
Hukum
Arbitrase dan
Perkara
Perdata
Pasal 3 UU No: 30 Tahun 1999
tentang Arbitrase
1. Pasal 3
a. Pengadilan Negeri tidak berwenang untuk
mengadili sengketa para pihak yang telah
terikat dalam perjanjian arbitrase.
1. Final and Binding
a. Para Pihak Menerima Atas Kesepkatan
Penyelesaian
2. Sengketa Dilanjutkan
a. BANI wajib mendaftarkan ke Pengadilan
111
Perbedaan Arbitrase dan Kepailitan
1.Arbitrase bertaut dengan Kepailitan
karena:
a.Arbitrase adalah cara penyelesaian suatu
sengketa perdata (di luar peradilan
umum) mengenai hak yang tercakup
dalam hukum kekayaan
(vermogensrecht).
112
a. Kepailitan adalah sita umum yang mencakup
seluruh kekayaan debitor untuk kepentingan
semua kreditornya
113
1. Sekalipun debitor tidak kehilangan kecakapannya untuk melakukan
perbuatan hukum (volkomen handelingsbevoegd),
2. namun perbuatan debitor tidak mempunyai akibat hukum atas
kekayaannya yang tercakup dalam harta pailit.
3. Kalaupun debitor melanggar ketentuan tersebut, perbuatannya
dimaksud tidak mengikat harta pailit, kecuali perikatan tersebut
menguntungkan harta pailit.
114
1. Tidak perlu diragukan bahwa Pengadilan Niaga
tetap berwenang memeriksa dan menyelesaikan
permohonan pailit dari para pihak yang terikat
perjanjian yang memuat klausula arbitrase,
sepanjang utang yang menjadi dasar
permohonan pernyataan pailit telah memenuhi
ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal 1
ayat (1) UUKep.
115
Bilingual Contract
Drafting
Dr Chandra Yusuf, SH., LL.M., MBA., MMgt
Bahasa Indonesia
1. UU Nomor 24/2009 tentang Bendera, Bahasa, Lambang, dan Lagu
Kebangsaan. Pasal 31 ayat 1 berbunyi:
a. Bahasa Indonesia wajib digunakan dalam nota kesepahaman
atau perjanjian yang melibatkan lembaga negara, instansi
pemerintah Republik Indonesia, lembaga swasta Indonesia atau
perseorangan warga negara Indonesia.
117
Bahasa Indonesia...
1. PERATURAN PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIANOMOR 63 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG
PENGGUNAAN BAHASA INDONESIA
118
Bagaimana Merancang Dalam Bahasa Inggris
Hukum
1. Legal language: variant of ordinary language aiming at performing specific
law-related purposes
2. Law ‘It is not solely language, since it is a social institution manifested also
in non-linguistic ways, but it is a profoundly linguistic institution. Laws are
coded in language, and the processes of the law are mediated through
language. The legal system puts into action a society’s beliefs and values,
and it permeates many areas of life . . .’. (Gibbons)
Legal English
1.Formation of Contract
a.Offer
b.Acceptance
c.Consideration
d.Contractual Intention
e.Form
120
Bagaimana Menggunakan Style
dalam Drafting Contract
121
122
123
Kontrak yang Baik
1. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF OPTIMAL CONTRACT
LANGUAGE
2. CONTRACT LANGUAGE SHOULD BE CLEAR
3. CONTRACT LANGUAGE SHOULD BE PRECISE
4. CONTRACT LANGUAGE SHOULD OMIT REDUNDANCY
124
1. CONTRACT LANGUAGE SHOULDN’T
EXPLAIN, TELL A STORY, OR PERSUADE
2. CONTRACT LANGUAGE SHOULD OMIT
REPETITION
3. CONTRACT LANGUAGE SHOULD EMPLOY
USAGES CONSISTENTLY
125
1.CONTRACT LANGUAGE SHOULD
OMIT REPETITION
2.CONTRACT LANGUAGE SHOULD
EMPLOY USAGES CONSISTENTLY
126
Trik Menghadapi Kesulitan Bagi Perancang Kontrak Untuk
Menterjemahkan Kontrak Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia
127
a. Don't be afraid to give instructions
b. Avoid nominalisations
c. Use lists where appropriate
128
Conclusion
1. Legal English memiliki asal kata yang berbeda
2. Sistem hukum berbeda membuat sulit untuk
diterjemahkan kedalam bahasa Indonesia
3. Plain English menjadi andalan
4. Kata Aktif memiliki kesamaan
129
SEKIAN
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Despite being red, Mars Saturn is a gas giant and
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Product overview
Mercury Venus
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Our plans
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Venus has a beautiful name
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Mercury is the closest planet Despite being red, Mars is
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Product demo
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Trend
2018 2019
Venus is the second Jupiter is the
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2020 2021
Despite being red, Saturn is a gas
Mars is a cold place giant and has
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Challenge Solutions
Mercury is the closest planet Despite being red, Mars is
to the Sun and the smallest actually a cold place. It’s full
one of iron oxide dust
Results
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun
Reviws
4/5 4/5
Jenna Doe
Despite being red, Mars is a
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Awards
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Venus Jupiter
Venus is the second It’s the biggest planet in
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Target
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333,000
Earths is the Sun’s mass
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150 musicians
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
Business model
03 Marketing Assessment 01
Neptune is far away Venus is the second
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04 Training Technology 02
Despite being red, Mars Jupiter is the biggest
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Indie
rock
Festival location
New Orleans
Mercury is the closest planet
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Timing
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
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Jupiter is the biggest planet
of them all
2020 2021
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Investment
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Neptune
30.8% It’s far away from us
Mercury
It’s very small 28.2%
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant
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