Abnormalitas Dalam Perspektif Behavior Humanistik
Abnormalitas Dalam Perspektif Behavior Humanistik
Behavioristik
dan
Humanistik
Psikopatologi dalam pandangan
Behavioristik
Tokoh-Tokoh Behavioristik
Tokoh-Tokoh
1. Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949)
2. JOHN WATSON (1878 - 1958)
3. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov(1849-1936)
4. BURRHUS FREDERIC SKINNER (1904-1990)
5. Albert Bandura (1925-sekarang)
Behavioristik:
Teori2 yg bertolak dr pengandaian bahwa manusia pd
dasarnya dilahirkan netral, spt halnya “tabula rasa” atau
kertas putih. Lingkunganlah yg akan menentukan arah
perkembangan tingkah laku manusia lewat proses belajar.
Konsep Pendekatan Belajar
Menurut Skinner:
▪ Bahwa perilaku abnormal berkembang dg prinsip
yg sama dg perilaku normal.
▪ Perilaku abnormal dpt diubah mjd perilaku
normal dg memanipulasi lingkungan.
Perspektif Behaviorisme:
▪ Prilaku abnormal
dpt brkmbang melalui respon yg dipelajari dg cara yg sama spt perilaku lainnya yg
dipelajari, melalui classical conditioning, operant conditioning, atau modeling.
Fokus
Kajian psikoanalisis adl menganalisis pola2 tak sadar yg
memengaruhi perilaku, sedangkan behaviorisme menganalisis
proses pengkondisian yg mengatur perilaku.
d
et
symmetry)
fie
tm
tis
Cognitive needs
no
sa
(knowledge,
re
re
understanding)
sa
sa
Psychologycal
ed
ed
ne
ne
er
we
(approval, recognition)
ow
f lo
if l
ni
ion
s io
res
og
Re
Pr
Safety needs
(security, psychological safety)
Basic needs
Physiological needs
(food, drink, sleep)
Self Determination Theory
Focus on three fundamental
psychological needs: competence,
autonomy and relatedness
• Competence motivation reflects human need to
master new challenge and to perfect skill
• Autonomy represent an attempt to achieve
greater freedom and regulation by the self,
rather than by external force.
• Relatedness refer to self desire to form
meaningful bonds with other
Roger’s Conditional & Unconditional Acceptance
Self-actualization
• Self-concepts: need to be regarded positively by other, feel valued,
respected, treated with affection and loved.
• The distinction between unconditional positive regard and conditional
positive regard.
Unconditional positive regard
• Extended to us simply because we are a human being
• Too often we make statements that demonstrate lack of regard for person
and not for their actions
• Important to take note of
Conditional positive regard
• When regard is only given for meeting certain standards
• Too much conditioning positive regard can lead to incongruence as well
• I am only valued when i…
Thank u!
Any question?