Pembimbing :
Dr. dr. Koernia Swa Oetomo, Sp.B, FINACS, FICS (K) Trauma .
Oleh :
Boban Bayu Aji 202010401011005
2021
PENDAHULUAN
Friedrich, P., & Jens, W. (2018). Dalam atlas of anatomy sobotta. Elsivier
Marinò M, L. F. (2015). Role of genetic and non-genetic factors in the etiology of Graves' disease.
epidemiologi
Dian, J. A., Suhatri, & Risa, H. (2018). Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat Antitiroid Pada Pasien Hipertiroid di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil
Padang, Indonesia. jurnal sains farmasi & klinis.
Bernard , C., & George , T. (2020). Diffuse Toxic Goiter. medscape.
GEJALA KLINIS
Mobius sign
Joffroy sign
El Kawkgi OM, Ross DS, Stan MN. (2020). Comparison of long-term antithyroid drugs versus radioactive iodine or surgery for Graves' disease: a review of the literature.
Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Greenlee MC, Laurber. (2016). American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and other causes of
Thyrotoxicosis. American Thyroid Association.
STRUMA NODULAR TOXICA
DEFINISI
Goiter (struma) multinodular toxica (TNG) atau plummer disease adalah kelenjar
tiroid yang mengandung nodul tiroid yang berfungsi secara autonom, yang
mengakibatkan hipertiroidism.
TNG adalah penyebab paling umum kedua dari hipertiroidisme di dunia, setelah
penyakit grave.
Pada orang lanjut usia dan didaerah dengan defisiensi yodium endemik, TNG
adalah penyebab paling umum dari hipertiroidisme
Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Man. (2016). American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with
Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. American Thyroid Association.
Patofisiologi
Gejala tirotoksis
Gejala obstruktif
Gejala asimtomatik
Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Greenlee MC, Laurber. (2016). American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and other causes of
Thyrotoxicosis. American Thyroid Association.
Pemeriksaan generalis
Pemeriksaan lokalis
Inspeksi
Palpasi
auskultasi
Alexander EK, P. E. (2017). Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum.
Avs AK, M. A. (2017). Scintigraphic Profile of Thyrotoxicosis Patients and Correlation with Biochemical and Sonological Findings.
Bartalena L, B. L. (2016). The 2016 European Thyroid Association/European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy Guidelines for the Management of Graves' Orbitopathy.
Cirocchi R, T. S. (2015). Total or near-total thyroidectomy versus subtotal thyroidectomy for multinodular non-toxic goitre in adults. Cochrane.
De Leo S, L. S. (2016). Hyperthyroidism. Lancet.
El Kawkgi OM, R. D. (2020). Comparison of long-term antithyroid drugs versus radioactive iodine or surgery for Graves' disease: a review of the literature.
Haugen BR, A. E. (2016). American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American
Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. American Thyroid Association .
Kotwal A, C. J. (2018). Thyroidectomy for Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis: Mayo Clinic Experience. .
Lee YY, T. K. (2015). Recombinant human thyrotropin before (131)I therapy in patients with nodular goitre: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
manamitami, K., & Sato, H. (2017). Guidelines for the treatment of childhood-onset Graves’ disease in Japan, 2016. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol.
Marinò M, L. F. (2015). Role of genetic and non-genetic factors in the etiology of Graves' disease.
Merrill SJ, M. Y. (2015). Thyroid autoimmunity as a window to autoimmunity: An explanation for sex differences in the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity.
Orloff LA, W. S. (2018). American Thyroid Association statement on postoperative hypoparathyroidism: diagnosis, prevention, and management in adults.
Razmara E, S. M. (2020). Graves' disease: introducing new genetic and epigenetic contributors. J Mol Endocrinol.
Ross DS, B. H. (2016). American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and other causes of Thyrotoxicosis. American Thyroid
Association.
Schiavo M, B. M. (2015). Clinical efficacy of radioiodine therapy in multinodular toxic goiter, applying an implemented dose calculation algorithm.
Sung JY, B. J. (2015). Radiofrequency ablation for autonomously functioning thyroid nodules: a multicenter study.
Douglas S. Ross, Henry B. Burch, (2016). 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of
Thyrotoxicosis. American Thyroid Association.