Regional anesthesia
Surface anesthesia
Nerve block/ blok syaraf
Intravenous
Extradural
Anaesthetise a region
Intravenous
0.5-1% lidocaine without adrenaline
Thoracic,lumbar, sacral
Act on nerve roots
No hypotention
Spinal Anestesia
Sympathetic nerve block
hypotension
Infiltration anesthesia
Regional anesthesia
Surface anesthesia
On intact skin – eutectic mixture of bases
of prilocaine (EMLA)
Slow absorption
Adverse Effect :
•LA’s cause some vasodilatation at site
•LA toxicity related to rate of absorption via blood flow
Effect of local anesthesia
perangsangan – kecemasan, agitation/ status mental,
restlessness/ gelisah
Convulsions
Reduced myocardial contractility
Vasodilatation
1. LIDOCAIN
Indikasi : anestesi lokal, dental, parenteral
Dosis : perkutan : 1-60ml of 0,5 – 1 % cairan (5-300mg total
dosis)
Iv regional : 10-60 ml of 0,5% solution (50-300mg total dose)
Mekanisme kerja : anestesi lokal mencegah konduksi impuls
syaraf dengan menurunkan natrium dan meningkatkan potensial
aksinya, menghambat depolarisasi, sehingga konduksinya
terhambat.
Administrasi : iv administration, use microdrip (60drops/ml) or
infusion pump to administr an accurate dose
Dapat terjadi tromboflebitis jika diberikan iv jangka panjang
SEDATIVES AND INDUCTION
AGENTS
(These drugs are used to depress the conscious
state either for sedation or general anaesthesia)
-KETAMIN
-BENZODIAZEPIN
1. Ketamine
Indikasi : termasuk golongan fenil sikloheksilamin, rapid
acting non barbiturate
Dosis : Loading : 1-4,5 mg/kg iv pelan
Maintenance : 0,1-0,5mg/menit infus continue
Mekanisme kerja : Blok reseptor NMDA
Dalam kondisi overdosis dapat menyebabkan panik, sikap
agresif, jarang terjadi kejang, peningkatan ICP, dan cardiac
arrest
Administrasi : im administration, atau iv pelan selama 60
detik, jangan berikan dosis 100mg/ml tanpa diencerkana
2. Benzodiazepin
Relatively
safe
Most commonly prescribed
Used for
◦ Sedation
◦ Sleep induction
◦ Skeletal muscle relaxation
◦ Reduce anxiety
Examples
◦ Temazepam = restoril
◦ Zolpidem = ambien
◦ 0.5-1 mg iv bolus
◦ 0.01mg/kg iv in pediatric
Anaphylaxis/ broncospasm
Terimakasih
@iimfarmasi