MK.

Gelombang & Optik

Teknik Mesin
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia
Semester PTA 2007/2008

Dwi Seno Kuncoro Sihono, M.Si
Website: dwiseno.fisika.ui.edu
Email: dwiseno@fisika.ui.ac.id
HP: 021-93399802, 08129988702
Silabus Mata Kuliah
Gelombang & Optik (2 sks)
Tujuan
Memahami konsep-konsep dan hukum-
hukum dasar Fisika Gelombang & Optik
dan menerapkannya dalam pemecahan
persoalan gejala gelombang alami
maupun gelombang yang timbul akibat
teknis secara sistimatik dan ilmiah
Buku dan Referensi
D. Halliday dan R.Resnick, Fisika I + II,
Terjemahan Erlangga
Ganijanti, A.S, Gelombang & Optik,
Jurusan Fisika FMIPA-UI
Giancolli D.C., General Physics,
Prentice Hall
Tipler, Fisika untuk Sains & Teknik,
Terjemahan Erlangga.
dan Iain-Iain.
Evaluasi
Ujian Tengah Semester 40%
Ujian Akhir Semester 40%
Kuis , Tugas dan Absen 20%
Jadwal
Kuliah
Senin
Pukul 08.00 09.50
Ruang K.210
Responsi
Kamis
Pukul 15.00 16.50 diganti 13.00 14.50
Ruang K.210 diganti (tentative)

Silabus
Minggu Pokok bahasan dan Isi pokok bahasan
1
Gelombang: Definisi dan fungsi gelombang, macam-macam
gelombang
2
Bunyi: Gelombang tekanan, gelombang kerapatan, gelombang
simpangan, cepat rambat bunyi, Audiogram
3 Superposisi dan Gelombang berdiri
4 Cahaya
5
Polarisasi: pengertian dan uraian matematis
Polarisasi linear, melingkar dan eliptis
Gelombang pada perbatasan dua media
Persamaan Fresnel dan Interpretasi
6 Derajat polarisasi, Bias rangkap dan Aktivitas aktif
7 Persiapan Ujian Tengah Semester
Silabus
Minggu Pokok bahasan dan Isi pokok bahasan
8
Interferensi: Pengertian koherensi, Percobaan Young dan
modifikasinya
9 Interferensi pada film tipis dan Gelombang diam
10
Difraksi: pengertian difraksi
Difraksi oleh 1 celah, Difraksi oleh 1 lubang,
Difraksi oleh 2 celah dan Difraksi kisi
11
Batas resolusi, daya pisah
Difraksi Fresnel
Difraksi Sinar-X oleh kristal
12
Optika geometri, pantulan, pembiasan oleh permukaan 2 media
datar, steris
13 Lensa : Alat-alat optik, Deviasi dan dispersi dan Fotometri
14 Persiapan UAS
Gelombang
Getaran / gangguan / energi yang menjalar.
Perpindahan energi dan momentum dari satu
titik di dalam ruang ke titik lain tanpa
perpindahan materi
Berdasarkan arah rambat gelombang :
Gelombang Longitudinal
Gelombang Transversal
Berdasarkan sifat terjadinya gelombang
Gelombang Elastis
Gelombang Permukaan
Gelombang Mekanik
Gelombang Elektromagnet
The rich sound of a piano is due to waves on strings that are
under tension. Many such strings can be seen in this
photograph. Waves also travel on the soundboard, which is
visible below the strings. In this chapter, we study the
fundamental principles of wave phenomena.
Wave Motion
All mechanical waves require
some source of disturbance
a medium that can be disturbed
some physical mechanism
through which elements of the
medium can influence each other.
Propagation of a Disturbance
Pulse traveling to the right


Pulse traveling to the left
( ) ( ) vt x f t x y = ,
Persamaan gelombang berjalan
( ) ( ) vt x f t x y + = ,
soal
Sebuah pulsa bergerak
memenuhi persamaan



tentukanlah
Arah gerak, cepat rambat,
amplitudo
( )
( ) 1 3
2
,
2
+
=
t x
t x y
Gelombang Sinusoidal
The wavelength () is the minimum
distance between any two identical
points (such as the crests) on
adjacent waves m
The period (T) is the time interval
required for two identical points (such
as the crests) of adjacent waves to
pass by a point. s
The frequency of a periodic wave (f)
is the number of crests (or troughs, or
any other point on the wave) that
pass a given point in a unit time
interval. hertz

Gelombang sinusoidal
( ) ( )
(

+ =
0
2
sin , |

t
vt x A t x y
( )
( ) t kx A
dt
dv
a
t kx A
dt
dy
v
y
y
y
e e
e e
= =
= =
sin
cos
2
Gelombang Sinusoidal
A sinusoidal wave traveling in the positive
x direction has an amplitude of 15.0 cm, a
wavelength of 40.0 cm, and a frequency of
8.00 Hz. The vertical position of an
element of the medium at t = 0 and x = 0 is
also 15.0 cm
Find the wave number k, period T, angular
frequency, and speed v of the wave.
Determine the phase constant , and write a
general expression for the wave function.
Persamaan Differensial Gelombang
2
2
2
2
2
t
y
x
y
v
c
c
=
c
c
This expression applies in general to various types of
traveling waves. For waves on strings, y represents the
vertical position of elements of the string. For sound
waves, y corresponds to longitudinal position of elements
of air from equilibrium or variations in either the pressure
or the density of the gas through which the sound waves
are propagating. In the case of electromagnetic waves, y
corresponds to electric or magnetic field components.
Persamaan Differensial Gelombang
2
2
2
2
2
t
y
x
y
v
c
c
=
c
c
Contoh : gelombang transversal tali
( )

c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
=
dx
dx
y
T dx
x
y
x
T F
dx tg
x
T F
y
y
2
2
u

|
|
.
|

\
|
c
= =
2
2
dt
y
dx ma F
y y

2
2
2
2
dx
y T
dt
y c
=
c

T
v =
Persamaan Differensial Gelombang
Refleksi dan Transmisi
Sefase Berbalik fase
when a wave or pulse travels from
medium A to medium B and v
A
>
v
B
(that is, when B is denser than
A), it is inverted upon reflection.
When a wave or pulse travels
from medium A to medium B and
v
A
< v
B
(that is, when A is denser
than B), it is not inverted upon
reflection.
Laju energi pada gelombang tali adalah
banyaknya energi yang dialirkan melalui
gelombang persatuan waktu
Daya, watt
v A P
2 2
2
1
e =
Laju Energi
An 80.0-kg hiker is trapped on a mountain ledge following a storm. A
helicopter rescues the hiker by hovering above him and lowering a
cable to him. The mass of the cable is 8.00 kg, and its length is 15.0
m. A chair of mass 70.0 kg is attached to the end of the cable. The
hiker attaches himself to the chair, and the helicopter then
accelerates upward. Terrified by hanging from the cable in midair,
the hiker tries to signal the pilot by sending transverse pulses up the
cable. A pulse takes 0.250 s to travel the length of the cable. What is
the acceleration of the helicopter?
Sebuah gelombang sinusoida yang kontinyu berjalan pada sebuah
tali dengan kecepatan 80 cm/s. Pergeseran dari pertikel2 di x = 10
cm didapatkan berubah dengan waktu menurut persamaan
y = 5 sin (1 4t). Massa jenis linier tali 4 g/cm, tentukanlah
Frekuensi, panjang gelombang
Persamaan umum gelombang tersebut
Tegangan tali
Latihan Soal