A. NARRATIVE TEXT 1. The definition The telling of a story or an account of a sequence of events.

One of the four traditional forms of composition (along with description, exposition, and persuasion). Narration differs from exposition, which can also relate a sequence of events, in that narration need not be factual and may be written from the perspective of a character in the text. 2. The generic sctucture of a narrative text a. Orientation ets the scene and introduces the participants. b. Com !ication ! crisis arises c. Reso!ution The crisis is resolved, for the better or for worse. d. Re"orientation Optinal e. Eva!uation ! stepping bac" to evaluate the plight.

NARRATIVE TEXT (indonesian)

#erupa"an satu dari $% &enis te"s bahasa inggris (genre) yang lahir dari "alangan Narration (lihat Types Of Text) sepertihalnya 'ecount Text, !necdote Text, poof Text dan News (tems Text yang mana berfungsi untu" mencerita"an "isah masa lampau dan untu" hiburan. !dapun tu&uan dari )omuni"atif Narrative Text seperti yang di&elas"an di atas adalah untu" menghibur pendengar atau pembaca tentang suatu "isah atau cerita masa lampau yang bertalian dengan pengalaman nyata, "hayal atau peristiwa*peristiwa peli" yang mengarah "e suatu "risis, yang pada a"hirnya menemu"an suatu penyelesaian. etiap &enis te"s bahasa (nggris (genre) pastilah mempunyai stru"tur te"snya sendiri* sendiri. tru"tur dari Narrative Text terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu + 1. Orientation ,ada bagian Orientation atau pengenalan berisi tentang pengenalan to"oh dalam cerita serta wa"tu dan tempat "e&adiannya. 2. Com !ication ,ada bagian -omplication berisi tentang gambaran munculnya "risis atau masalah yang di alami oleh to"oh pada cerita tersebut yang harus dipecah"an. #. Reso!ution ,ada bagian 'esolution berisi tentang bagaiman to"oh dari cerita tersebut memecah"an masalah yang ada pada bagian -omplication. .iasanya terdapat lebih dari satu 'esolution untu" satu -omplication. $. Reorientation 'eorientation merupa"an a"hir dari cerita narrative text yang biasanya memuat tentang a"hir "isah / ceritanya, biasanya happy ending atau sad ending.

The %g!& 'uc(!ing One upon time, a mother duc" sat on her eggs. he felt tired of sitting on them. he &ust wished the eggs would brea" out. everal days later, she got her wish. The eggs crac"ed and some cute little duc"lings appeared. 0,eep, peep0 the little duc"lings cried. 01uac", quac"0 their mother greeted in return. 2owever the largest egg had not crac"ed. The mother duc" sat on it for several days. 3inally, it crac"ed and a huge ugly duc"ling waddled out. The mother duc" loo"ed at him in surprise. 2e was so big and very gray. 2e didn4t loo" li"e the others at all. 2e was li"e a tur"ey. 5hen the mother duc" brought the children to the pond for their first swimming lesson. The huge grey duc"ling splashed and paddled about &ust as nicely as the other

duc"lings did. 0That is not a tur"ey chic". 2e is my very own son and quite handsome0 the mother said proudly. 2owever, the other animals didn4t agree. They hissed and made fun of him day by day. 6ven his own sisters and brothers were very un"ind. 07ou are very ugly0 they quac"ed. The little poor duc"ling was very unhappy. 0( wish ( loo"ed li"e them0 he thought to himself. One day, the ugly duc"ling run away and hid in the bushes. The sad duc"ling lived alone through the cold and snow winter. 3inally the spring flowers began to bloom. 5hile he was swimming in the pond, he saw three large white swans swimming toward him. 0Oh, dear. these beautiful birds will laugh and pec" me too0 he said to himself. .ut the swans did not attac" him. (nstead, they swam around him and stro"ed him with their bills. !s the ugly duc"ling bent his nec" to spea" to them, he saw his reflection in the water. 2e could not believe his eyes. 0( am not an ugly duc"ling but a beautiful swam0 he exclaimed. 2e was very happy. 3rom that day on, he swam and played with his new friends and was happier than he had never been.

)*o!den Eggs) 8ong time ago a remote village, in central -hina was inhabited mainly with farmers and hunters. One day, a poor farmer lost his entire livestoc" to flood. 2e prayed hard to 9od for help or his family would die of starvation. 3ew days later, an old man with long grey beard, passed by his house too" pity on him. 2e gave him a goose and said : ( don;t have any expensive thing to give you and hope this goose will help you to ease your hardship.< ! wee" later to almost surprise the farmer found and egg in his yard. This was no ordinary egg. (t was a golden egg. 2e was suddenly overcome with &oy. Thereafter, his livelihood had rapidly improved but the farmer had forgotten his earlier hardship. 2e became la=y, arrogant and spendthrift. trangely, the goose only laid one golden egg every six months. The greedy farmer lost his patient and slaughtered his goose thin"ing there were plenty of golden eggs inside its stomach. Though he very much regretted for his foolishness, it;s already too late. The +egend of Ra,a -ening Once upon a time, there was a little poor boy came into a little village. 2e was very hungry and wea". 2e "noc"ed at every door and as"ed for some food, but nobody cared about him. Nobody wanted to help the little boy. 3inally, a generous woman helped him. he gave him shelter and a meal. 5hen the boy wanted to leave, this old woman gave him a :lesung<, a big wooden mortar for pounding rice. he reminded him, :please remember, if there is a flood you must save yourself. >se this :lesung< as a boat<. The :lesung< was happy and than"ed the old woman.The little boy continued his &ourney. 5hile he was passing through the village, he saw many people gathering on the field. The boy came closer and saw a stic" stuc" in the ground. ,eople challenged each other to pull out that stic". 6verybody tried, but nobody succeeded. :-an ( try?< as"ed the little boy. The crowd laughed moc"ingly. The boy wanted to try his luc" so he stepped forward and pulled out the stic". 2e could do it very easily. 6verybody was dumbfounded. uddenly, from the hole left by stic", water spouted out. (t did not stop until it flooded the village. !nd no one was saved from the water except the little boy and the generous old

woman who gave him shelter and meal. !s she told him, he used the :lesung< as a boat and pic"ed up the old woman. The whole village became a huge la"e. (t is now "nown as 'awa ,ening 8a"e in alatiga, -entral @ava, (ndonesia. .incere /i!! *et a *reat Return Once upon a time, there was a "ingdom named !uretto, all people lived peacefully there. One of them was -harlita, the "ing;s daughter who was assumed as the most beautiful and "indest ,rincess of !uretto. One day, -harlita loo"ed blue. .ecause of that her father got confused. :5hat;s the matter my beautiful daughter? 5hy are you so sad?< as"ed )ing 3ernando. -harlita was &ust silent. he did not say anything. Then, )ing 3ernando decided to ma"e a competition to cheer -harlita again. !fter that, the palace representative announce+ :( will ma"e a competition. The aim is to ma"e my daughter, ,rincess -harlita to be happy and laugh again. 6veryone who can do it, will get a pri=e. (t will be held tomorrow when the sun rises. ign+ )ing 3ernando.< The following morning, everybody came to the palace, tried to give their best performance. They seemed happy and laugh, but not for ,rincess -harlita. he was &ust silent and still loo"ed sad. )ing 3ernando started to give up. No one amused his daughter. Then, there came a young handsome man. :6xcuse me )ing 3ernando. ( would li"e to &oin your competition. .ut, would you mind if ( too" ,rincess -harlita for a wal"?< said the young man gently. :!s long as you ma"e my daughter be happy again, it will totally alright.< said )ing 3ernando. The young handsome man too" ,rincess -harlita for a wal" in a beautiful blue la"e with a green forest around it. ,rincess -harlita smiled and loo"ed happy after that. 6very body loo"ed happy, too. :( "now why are you so my beautiful daughter. Now, ( promise ( will environment green. ( regret for always destroying it. 3inally, the environment around the "ingdom became so beautiful and green, full of plants. Then, the young handsome man got a pri=e from the "ing. :( will marry you off my daughter.< said him. :That is the pri=e ( promise for you. Than"s for "eeping our environment well. Than"s for ma"ing my daughter happy again.< The 0ox and The Cat One day a cat and a fox were having a conversation. The fox, who was a conceited creature, boasted how clever she was. 45hy, ( "now at least a hundred tric"s to get away from our mutual enemies, the dogs,4 she said. 4( "now only one tric" to get away from dogs,4 said the cat. 47ou should teach me some of yoursA4 45ell, maybe some day, when ( have the time, ( may teach you a few of the simpler ones,4 replied the fox airily. @ust then they heard the bar"ing of a pac" of dogs in the distance. The bar"ing grew louder and louder * the dogs were coming in their directionA !t once the cat ran to the nearest tree and climbed into its branches, well out of reach of any dog. 4This is the tric" ( told you about, the only one ( "now,4 she called down to the fox. 45hich one of your hundred tric"s are you going to use?4

The fox sat silently under the tree, wondering which tric" she should use. .efore she could ma"e up her mind, the dogs arrived. They fell upon the fox and tore her to ieces. ! single plan that wor"s is better than a hundred doubtful plans.

The 0ox and the Cro, ! crow, perched in a tree with a piece of cheese in his bea", attracted the eye and nose of a fox. 0(f you can sing as prettily as you sit,0 said the fox, 0then you are the prettiest within my scent and sight.0 The fox had read somewhere, and somewhere, and somewhere else, that praising the voice of a crow with a cheese in his bea" would ma"e him drop the cheese and sing. .ut this is not what happened to this particular crow in this particular case. 0They say you are sly and they say you are cra=y,0 said the crow, having carefully removed the cheese from his bea" with the claws of one foot, 0but you must be nearsighted as well. 5arblers wear gay hats and colored &ac"ets and bright vest, and they are a dollar a hundred. ( wear blac" and ( am unique. 0( am sure you are,0 said the fox, who was neither cra=y nor nearsighted, but sly. 0( recogni=e you, now that ( loo" more closely, as the most famed and talented of all birds, and ( fain would hear you tell about yourself, but ( am hungry and must go.0 0Tarry awhile,0 said the crow quic"ly, 0and share my lunch with me.0 5hereupon he tossed the cunning fox the lion4s share of the cheese, and began to tell about himself. 0! ship that sails without a crow4s nest sails to doom,0 he said. 0.ars may come and bars may go, but crow bars last forever. ( am the pioneer of flight, ( am the map ma"er. 8ast, but never least, my flight is "nown to scientists and engineers, geometricians, and scholar, as the shortest distance between two points. !ny two points,0 he concluded arrogantly. 0Oh, every two points, ( am sure,0 said the fox. 0!nd than" you for the lion4s share of what ( "now you could not spare.0 !nd with this he trotted away into the woods, his appetite appeased, leaving the hungry crow perched forlornly in the tree. The +ion and The 1ouse Once, as a lion lay sleeping in his den, a naughty little mouse ran up his tail, and onto his bac" and up his mane and danced and &umped on his head, so that the lion wo"e up. lion angry and mouseThe lion grabbed the mouse and, holding him in his large claws, roared in anger. 42ow dare you wa"e me upA Bon4t you "now that ( am )ing of the .easts? !nyone who disturbs my rest deserves to dieA ( shall "ill you and eat youA4 The terrified mouse, sha"ing and trembling, begged the lion to let him go. 4,lease don4t eat me 7our #a&estyA ( did not mean to wa"e you, it was a mista"e. ( was only playing. ,lease let me go * and ( promise ( will be your friend forever. 5ho "nows but one day ( could save your life?4

The lion loo"ed at the tiny mouse and laughed. 47ou save my life? 5hat an absurd ideaA4 he said scornfully. 4.ut you have made me laugh, and put me into a good mood again, so ( shall let you go.4 !nd the lion opened his claws and let the mouse go free. 4Oh than" you, your ma&esty,4 squea"ed the mouse, and scurried away as fast as he could. ! few days later the lion was caught in a hunter4s snare. truggle as he might, he couldn4t brea" free and became even more entangled in the net of ropes. 2e let out a roar of anger that shoo" the forest. 6very animal heard it, including the tiny mouse. 2. EX-+ANATION TEXT 'efinition and ur oses of Ex !anation 6xplanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. 6xplanation text is to say Cwhy; and Chow; about the forming of the phenomena. (t is often found in science, geography and history text boo"s. *eneric structure of Ex !anation *enera! statementD stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained. .e3uenced ex !anationD stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena. +anguage 0eature of Ex !anation 3eaturing generic participantD sun, rain, etc >sing chronological connectionD to begin with, next, etc >sing passive voice pattern >sing simple present tense

EX-+ANATION TEXT 4indonesian5 Ex !anation text 4te(s ex !anation5 adalah sebuah te"s yang berisi tentang proses* proses yang berhubungan dengan fenomena*fenomena alam, soisal, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya dan lainnya. ebuah 6xplanation text biasanya berasal dari pertanyaan penulis ter"ait Cwhy; dan Chow; terhadap suatu fenomena yang ada. Tu6uan 7omuni(atif Ex !anation Text Tu&uan "omuni"atif dari 6xplanation text adalah untu" menerang"an proses*proses yang ter&adi dalam pembentu"an atau "egiatan yang ter"ait dengan fenomena*fenomena alam, sosial, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya, dan lainnya yang bertu&uan men&elas"an.

*eneric .tructur Ex !anation Text Terdapat tiga bagian dalam

stru"tur

"alimat

6xplanation

Text,

yaitu+

1. A genera! statement Balam general statement berisi tentang pen&elasan umum tentang fenomena yang a"an dibahas, bisa berupa pengenalan fenomena tersebut atau pen&elasannya. 2. A s3uenced of ex !anation ! squenced of explanation berisi tentang pen&elasan proses mengapa fenomena tersebut bisa ter&adi atau tercipta. ! squenced of explanation berupa &awaban dari pertanyaan Cwhy; dan Chow; penulis "eti"a membuat sebuah 6xplanation text. Balam squenced of explanation bisa terdiri lebih dari satu paragrap. #. C!osing ebenarnya closing itu tida" tercantum dalam generic structure dari 6xplanation text, tetapi "ebanya"an orang beranggapan bahwa paragrap tera"hir dari sebuah 6xplanation text adalah closing, padahal itu merupa"an bagian dari squenced of explantaion yang berisi tentang lang"ah a"hir yang di&elas"an pada bagian squenced of explanation. +anguage features Ex !anation Text Balam sebuah explanation text, terdapat ciri*ciri "ebahasaan seperti di bawah ini, yaitu+ E #engguna"an simpel present tense E #engguan"an abstract noun ("ata benda yang nampa") E #engguana"an ,assive voice E #engguna"an !ction verbs 1a(ing -a er from /oodchi s General statement 5oodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from forest trees. The woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of the forest called a coupe. Squence of explanation Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are ta"en to the mill. !t the mill the bar" of the logs is removed and the logs are ta"en to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. !t this stage they are either exported in this form or changed into pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.

Closing 3inally the pulp is rolled out to ma"e paper.

/h& Eiffe! To,er ,as 2ui!t (f we tal" about the 5onders of the 5orld buildings, then we will see 6iffel Tower as one of them. 2owever many of us do not "now the tower;s past history on why it was build. 6verything has the reasonable bac"ground, especially for the tower which is to be one of the most recogni=ed buildings in the world. ,rimarily, the 6iffel Tower was built for the 5orld 6xhibition. (t was called ,aris 6xposition in $FFG. The exhibition was organi=ed to celebrate the $HHth anniversary of the 3rench 'evolution. The purpose of building 6iffel Tower in such structure was to show to the world 3rance;s advancement of technology and beauty. The 6iffel Tower was designed by 9ustave 6iffel. (t seemed that then the name of the tower was derived from the designer;s last name, :6iffel< !nother reason on why the tower was built was for scientific progress. !lthough few reali=ed it, the 6iffel Tower would become the prominent structure in terms of science and technology. #any experiment with temperature, pressure and pendulums were performed atop the unique famous building. !dditionally the 6iffel Tower was used for radio transmission tower. #any experiments were conducted atop the 6iffel Tower for radio transmission advancement. Once the 6iffel Tower was proposed to be demolished but it was spared because the tower had the promising future as a radio tower. 8o, 'oes -hotos&nthesis -rocess 8a en 9

,hotosynthesis is a syntesis process of food to be an energy source in green plant (a chrolofiled plant). (n .iology dictionary, ,hotosynthesis can be difinite as a process of ma"ing food that happen in the leaf, which done by the chlorophyll and helped by the sun light. There are some factors which influence the photosynthesis process, such as + light, chlorophyll, temperature, carbondioxide, and water. Bo you "now how does photosynthesis happen ? 5ater (2IO) and carbondioxide (-OI) are very importent as a raw material during the photosynthesis process. 5ater can be found in the bottom of the soil by using root of the plant, the root will sperate and enlarge to absorb water around. !fter that, vaxcular xilem will bring the water from root, into the leaf. !t that time also, carbondioxide will absorb from the external air by the slits, they are stomata and lentisel. 5ater and carbondioxide which have absorbed will colect in the palisade tisue and do the photosynthesis process in the leaf. Buring the photosynthesis they are helped by sun light which find in the green colored pigment (chrolophyll), the sun light will brea" water molecule into oxigen and hidrogen. (n one side the oxigen is released to the external air and at the other side the oxigen is used by plant to breath, meanwhile the hidrogen mix with the carbondioxide and form glucose which distributed by vascular floem into the all body of plant. o, photosynthesis is an importent process that produce oxigen as an air which used by living things to breath, and glucose as a energy source in plant

8o, does Rain 8a

en9

'ain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable conditions for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation. The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle involves the sun heating the 6arth4s surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. The water vapor rises into the 6arth4s atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and condenses into liquid droplets. The droplets grow until they are heavy and fall to the earth as precipitation which can be in the form of rain or snow. 2owever, not all rain reaches the surface. ome evaporates while falling through dry air. This is called virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions. 8o, is a 7ite 0!&ing9 ! "ite is an ob&ect which is made from a light material stretched over a frame. Bue to its light material a "ite will lift off the ground and fly when it is tilted into the wind. ! "ite is uses wind to ma"e it fly because it is heavier than air. 5hen wind travels over the surface of the "ite, it is split into two streams of air. One stream of the air goes over the "ite while the second stream goes under the "ite. The upper stream creates an area of low pressure above the "ite. The lower stream hits the "ite at a shallow angle and creates an area of high pressure. The high pressure area has a pushing effect while the low pressure area has a pulling effect. The combination of push and pull can creates enough force to lift the "ite into the air. )ites have been "nown for thousand of years. They are used for military or scientific purposes. Todays "ites are much used for leisure and competition. 8o, Choco!ate is 1ade 2ave we wondered how we get chocolate from? 5ell this time we will enter the ama=ing world of chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating. -hocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in place such as outh !merica, !frica, and (ndonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the si=e of a small pine apple. (n side the fruits are the tree4s seeds. They are also "nown as coco beans. Next, the beans are fermented for about a wee", dried in the sun. !fter that they are shipped to the chocolate ma"er. The chocolate ma"er starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Bifferent beans from different places have different qualities and flavour. o they are often shorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to ma"e it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. (t tastes bitter.

!ll seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. 2owever, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. (t is pure bitter chocolate. 8o, Venus Ec!i se 8a ens

On #ay $J, IH$H, people in most regions in the world have seen a very rare natural phenomenon. (t was Kenus eclipse. (t was very rare ama=ing natural event. (t was reported that the Kenus eclipse will seen again in the future in IHLH. Bo you "now how this rare Kenus eclipse happens? 5ell, actually Kenus eclipse is li"e un eclipse. Kenus eclipses occurs when the position of the earth, moon and Kenus is parallel. Kenus planet will slowly disappear for a moment because it is covered the surface of the #oon. Kenus planet seems to move to the bac" side of the #oon. The moon and planets are sharing a similar apparent path in the s"y. That is why, it is not unusual for the moon to appear to pass close to Kenus. (n fact, the moon appears somewhere near it about once a month. 2owever, most people don;t see these events because they are visible in the evening s"y only half the time, and then only for a short period after sunset. The apparent closeness varies from month to month as well. C. 'iscussion Text 'efinition of 'iscussion Biscussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Biscussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text. *eneric .tructure of 'iscussion tatement of issueD stating the issue which is to discussed 8ist of supporting pointsD presenting the point in in supporting the presented issue 8ist of contrastive pointD presenting other points which disagree to the supporting point 'ecommendationD stating the writer; recommendation of the discourse +anguage 0eature of 'iscussion (ntroducing category or generic participant >sing thin"ing verbD feel, hope, believe, etc >sing additive, contrastive, and causal connectionD similarly, on the hand, however, etc >sing modalitiesD must, should, could, may, etc >sing adverbial of mannerD deliberately, hopefully, etc 'I.C%..ION TEXT 4indonesian5 Biscussion text adalah &enis te"s yang mempunyai fungsi sosial untu" menyampai"an beberapa sudut pandang berbeda terhadap suatu masalah. udut pandang dalam discussion text minimal terdiri dari dua pandangan berbeda. Namun ta" menutup "emung"inan, bisa dari beragam pendapat. ,engertian yang lain Biscussion adalah sebuah proses mencari titi" temu antara dua pemi"iran, pandangan atau pendapat yang berbeda. Biscussion bisa di definisi"an sebagai sebuah te"s yang berisi tentang sebuah wacana yang bermasalah.

Credit Cards ome people do not li"e to carry a lot of money all the time. They choose to have a credit card as an alternative to purchase items in a shopping center. The following will present advantages and disadvantages of having credit card. -redit cards have been accepted as efficient payment solution. 5hen we buy something, we do not have cash at hand, we can pay by credit cards. 5ell, credit cards can be used to buy things online. ! credit card is more convenient to carry around than cash money. 5hen we buy an expensive thing, we do not need to carry bunches of money in our bag. .ut credit cards also have disadvantages. 2aving credit cards allow us to spend much money. (t can ma"e us difficult to pay their credit cards bills. -redit cards sometimes ma"e problem when they are used to online transaction . we must be careful to use the data on their credit cards. ome credit cards have interest rate and other applicable fees. (t means that we spends more than the prince of the thing we buy. 3roms the reasons above, it can be concluded that credit cards ma"e our life easier, but credit cards are disadvantageous if we cannot be careful and use them wisely 8ac(ing: -ro and Contra9 Bo you "now what a hac"er is? 5ell, a hac"er is a person who en&oys exploring the details of programmable systems on computers and they li"e to stretch the capability of the systems. !nd you "now what, the activities they do in the computers are called Chac"ing;. o, what;s the problem with Chac"ing and its hac"ers;? 5ell, the problem is whether Chac"ing and its hac"ers; is legal or illegal? 5hat ( mean is that people in the world have many different views about hac"ing and the hac"ers. ome of them ta"e sides, but many ob&ect. To get bac" to what ( was saying previously, let us see the positive points of a hac"er, shall we? !lthough in most places brea"ing into computer systems is considered illegal, ( believe that hac"ers don;t do anything illegal because they only want to "now and try the systems. ( dare to say that a hac"er li"es finding the strengths and the wea"nesses of a computer system. They feel proud if they can find the wea"nesses. o ( don;t really see the crimes in this case. (n addition, these hac"ers sometimes help the police catch the Cwhite collar criminals;, such as ban" robbers, money launderers, credit card forgers. 3or example, in IHHH, the >. . hac"ers caught some ingaporean hac"ers who made CKirus 8ove; to brea" up the programs of the >. . National ecurity system. Nevertheless, those who ob&ect to the good points of a hac"er say that hac"ing is a crime. The reason is that some hac"ers use their brilliant s"ills to brea" into ban"s and other vital institutions where they can get money, destroy information, and the worst thing is they can get secret information and sell it to another country. This is a treachery. Ta"e for example, in $GGM, The >. . government bro"e a conspiracy of computer hac"ers out of #a&orca, pain. These hac"ers were responsible for accessing and eliminating $GH,HHH telephone credit card numbers over computer bulletin boards in !merica and 6urope. eeing this fact, ( don;t blame those who thin" negatively about hac"ers. To put the whole thing in a nut shell, ( personally thin" that hac"ers are not bad people with their brilliant s"ills. 2owever, they could be bad because of money orientation to get the wealth. That;s &ust the point.

2irth Contro! #ost people agree that some form of family limitation or spacing is desirable for the good of the family and society. .ut individuals and groupsNespecially religious groupsNdiffer sharply on the methods of birth control that they consider moral and acceptable. -ouples that practice birth control do so for various reasons. They may want to limit or space their children, or to have no children at all. 7oung couples often postpone having children so that both partners can wor" full*time. Other couples space their children so they can give each child as much attention as possible. ome women are advised by their doctors to avoid pregnancy for health reasons. (n many countries with rapidly growing populations, the government encourages couples to limit the si=e of their families. 6ven though birth control has gained in acceptance, opposition to the practice is continuous. ome people fear that birth control encourages sexual relations outside marriage or that government might impose birth control. ome religious groups oppose birth control on moral grounds. ome religious groups teach that artificial methods of birth control are immoral because they separate the two purposes of intercourse in marriageNcon&ugal love and the procreation of children. !lthough they oppose all artificial birth control, they consider natural family planning acceptable. The *ood and 2ad Effects of TV for Chi!dren (s TK good for children? !ctually, TK is one of the most influential for society in two different sides especially for childrenD it can be useful, educated, and also addictive, even harmful. 3or children, it is hard to avoid television if people in the house are usually watching TK. (t is common for parents to use TK as a substitute babysitter. !lso, many parents buy videos that they thin" can ma"e their "ids are smart. .ut how does watching TK really affect children? (n one side, TK is not all that badD TK impact could give us some eases. 3irst, all programs on TK are basically designed to entertain and give information to people. They help them relax and get to "now about different news or information. They also ma"e them laugh because they are amusing. Next, some TK shows can educate, inform and inspire. #any different programs have been to serve children good lessons through cartoon films, games, music, sport, and local film series for children. (t can be more effective than boo"s or audiotapes in teaching children about processes li"e how a plant grows or how to ba"e a ca"e.
(n contrast, TK exposes children to negative influences, and promotes negative behavior. ome programs, however, are sometimes about the exhibition of violence, sarcasm, crimes, murder, etc. 3or instance, twenty years of research has shown that children who are more exposed to media violence behave more aggressively as "ids and when they are older. They are taught by TK that violence is the way to resolve conflict N as when a TK hero beats up a bad guy to subdue him. #oreover, it has bad effect for their health. -hildren who watch too much TK are usually overweight, according to the !merican #edical !ssociation. -hildren often snac" on &un" food while watching TK. They are also influenced by commercials to consume unhealthy food. !lso, they are not running, &umping, or doing activities that burn calories and increase metabolism.

5ell, as the consequences of these bad effects, many parents should reali=e about this problem. (t is better if they can start to follow the good effects by selecting the good programs for their children today. Not only it, but also they need to control their children by accompanying them when watching TK while educate them. 8ast but not least, many parents

should remember to limit time of watching TK for their children because it is bad for their health and education if it ta"es a long time. The advantages and 'isadvantage of 0ace;oo( 6verything which we have in the world has two sidesD good aspect and bad one. (t is also definitely true for the phenomenon of faceboo". There are a large number of people who have faceboo" account. (f we see closely, faceboo" also has some pros and cons. -ertainly, faceboo" has many advantages. The easiness of communication is what most people agree. 5e have had old friends and we are being separated by time and distance. 3aceboo" is a great way to reconnect us again. 5e have a family who lives far away. !gain, 3aceboo" can helps us to stay connected. 5e can send news and share pictures with them of recent family activities. This easy communication ma"es us get together though we ar not. !nother advantage of faceboo" is for bussiness purpose. ome companies use faceboo" to promote their products and services. They will ma"e 3aceboo" page and write about their product and services and will be easily connected to millions of people in the world. 3aceboo" is a great outlet for companies which needs to find new clients and "eep contact with them easily. This is actually the biggest selling point to faceboo". .esides the advantages, faceboo" has also disadvantages. 3aceboo" is sometime scaring and annoying. (t is about a :virtual< friend. 3aceboo" ma"es such friend connection exist, though may not in fact. 3a"e (dentity is another disadvantage. 5ho can guarantee that your friends in faceboo" have used the real identity? 3aceboo" newsfeed can also become annoying. There are a lot of people who &ust want to tal" everything which sometimes ma"es no sense for us. pamming is another problem with faceboo". 5e often receive invitations to games or things which we don;t li"e but we feel to be forced to li"e them too. !ccording to me, faceboo" is not as an entirely bad thing or a completely good thing. 3aceboo" is absolutely about how we can use it wisely and safely. The -ros and Cons of .choo! %niform chool uniforms are dress codes that are determined by the teaching institutions and students has to follow the designed code obediently everyday. #any people believe that school uniforms should be applied but the others don;t. >niforms have various advantages for both the family and the child. ! united school apparel can relief a financial stress of the bac"s of many families. !s "ids tend to compete and imitate each other, the race of following new trends in fashion or, providing different attire for every school day is considered a financial burden, not every family can afford it. !dditionally, a uniform creates a sense of equality between all pupils. 7oung "ids tend to &udge others according to their loo" and what they wear. >niting their school attire will draw their attention to other criteria and, the only advantage of one student over another would be personality, academic achievement or being good at sports.

On the other hand, as repetition can lead to boredom, children can get frustrated of wearing same thing to school every day. !lso, prevent their first steps of individuality by ta"ing away their right to choose what to wear on their own free well. (n conclusion, ( believe uniforms aren;t meant to suppress the creativity or freedom of children. (t helps redirecting "ids; creativity towards more important things than outer loo", and waive financial burden of their families. *iving Chi!dren 8ome,or( There are a lot of discussion as to whether children should be given homewor" or not. (s it enough for children having time to study at school or needing additional time in home for study after school time? ome people claim that children do enough wor" in school already. They also argue that children have their hobbies which they want to do after school, such as sport or music. ! further point they ma"e is that a lot of homewor"s are pointless and does not help the children learn at all. 2owever, there are also strong arguments against this point of view. ,arents and teachers argue that it is important to find out whether children can wor" on their own without the support from the teacher. They say that the evening is a good time for children to sit down and thin" about what they have learned in school. 3urthermore they claim that the school day is too short to get anything done. (t ma"es sense to send home tas"s li"e independent reading or further writing tas" which do not need the teacher support. ( thin", on balance, that some homewor" is good idea but that should only given at the wee"end when children have more time.