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  • Budaya Benda Non Benda

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    62 tayangan7 halaman
    Budaya non benda untuk terjemahan. sedikit sebanyak lebih kurang , hanya umpanan utk download kertas yang lainanslation based on the semantic structure of the language takes also into consideration the communication situation: historical setting, cultural setting, intention of the author, as well as the different kinds of meaning contained in the explicit and implicit information of the text. Besides referential and structural meaning, situational meaning is presented as an important element that would help the translator interpret the author’s culture or the cultural information given in the text. She makes the difference between literal and idiomatic translation, stating that a good translator should try to translate idiomatically, that is his translation will not sound like a translation, it shall sound natural in the target language, taking care not to fall into “unduly free translations”. The text to be translated has to make part of a translation project which involves the text, the target, the team and the tools, what Larson calls the four T’s. When that is settled various steps follow: the initial draft, evaluation of the initial draft, consultation and final draft. All these steps involve analysis of the text, comparison with the source text, evaluation of the translation. On the first part of the text she presents ways of identifying the meaning components of lexical items of a language. (Meaning components form concepts, concepts form concept clusters and concept clusters form propositions). On the second part, she concentrates on grammatical structures and goes on to analyzing propositions that include simple concepts and others that include more complex concepts. These concepts, in many cases, will call the translator for rewording in order to find the best translation equivalent that represents the relations among the different parts of the whole proposition. The translator ought to recognize these concepts and also the importance of the illocutionary force of a proposition. From propositional clusters to semantic paragraphs to episode clusters we arrive at a discourse, so whatever analyses she proposes for a sentence or a paragraph is also valid for an episode and for a whole text. In a certain way, her work relates to the discoursive approach. It is important for a translator to know about the generic and specific relationships of words in order to find the precise equivalent, particularly, when dealing with a target language whose cultural context is very distant from the source language and he has to deal with concepts whose representation is not easily solved because of the difficulty in finding a proper equivalent. The translator has to establish a systematic contrast between the concepts involved in both cultures and has to decide the importance of the meaning to transfer. In that sense, Larson’s theory joins that of Newmark, who assigns different hierarchies of meaning within a text, from the most important to the least important. And as he does, she discusses also the complexity of translating figurative senses and connotative meanings. Larson goes even further onto the

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    Budaya non benda untuk terjemahan. sedikit sebanyak lebih kurang , hanya umpanan utk download kertas yang lainanslation based on the semantic structure of the language takes also into consideration the communication situation: historical setting, cultural setting, intention of the author, as well as the different kinds of meaning contained in the explicit and implicit information of the text. Besides referential and structural meaning, situational meaning is presented as an important element that would help the translator interpret the author’s culture or the cultural information given in the text. She makes the difference between literal and idiomatic translation, stating that a good translator should try to translate idiomatically, that is his translation will not sound like a translation, it shall sound natural in the target language, taking care not to fall into “unduly free translations”. The text to be translated has to make part of a translation project which involves the text, the target, the team and the tools, what Larson calls the four T’s. When that is settled various steps follow: the initial draft, evaluation of the initial draft, consultation and final draft. All these steps involve analysis of the text, comparison with the source text, evaluation of the translation. On the first part of the text she presents ways of identifying the meaning components of lexical items of a language. (Meaning components form concepts, concepts form concept clusters and concept clusters form propositions). On the second part, she concentrates on grammatical structures and goes on to analyzing propositions that include simple concepts and others that include more complex concepts. These concepts, in many cases, will call the translator for rewording in order to find the best translation equivalent that represents the relations among the different parts of the whole proposition. The translator ought to recognize these concepts and also the importance of the illocutionary force of a proposition. From propositional clusters to semantic paragraphs to episode clusters we arrive at a discourse, so whatever analyses she proposes for a sentence or a paragraph is also valid for an episode and for a whole text. In a certain way, her work relates to the discoursive approach. It is important for a translator to know about the generic and specific relationships of words in order to find the precise equivalent, particularly, when dealing with a target language whose cultural context is very distant from the source language and he has to deal with concepts whose representation is not easily solved because of the difficulty in finding a proper equivalent. The translator has to establish a systematic contrast between the concepts involved in both cultures and has to decide the importance of the meaning to transfer. In that sense, Larson’s theory joins that of Newmark, who assigns different hierarchies of meaning within a text, from the most important to the least important. And as he does, she discusses also the complexity of translating figurative senses and connotative meanings. Larson goes even further onto the

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    62 tayangan7 halaman

    Budaya Benda Non Benda

    Diunggah oleh

    letbox
    Budaya non benda untuk terjemahan. sedikit sebanyak lebih kurang , hanya umpanan utk download kertas yang lainanslation based on the semantic structure of the language takes also into consideration the communication situation: historical setting, cultural setting, intention of the author, as well as the different kinds of meaning contained in the explicit and implicit information of the text. Besides referential and structural meaning, situational meaning is presented as an important element that would help the translator interpret the author’s culture or the cultural information given in the text. She makes the difference between literal and idiomatic translation, stating that a good translator should try to translate idiomatically, that is his translation will not sound like a translation, it shall sound natural in the target language, taking care not to fall into “unduly free translations”. The text to be translated has to make part of a translation project which involves the text, the target, the team and the tools, what Larson calls the four T’s. When that is settled various steps follow: the initial draft, evaluation of the initial draft, consultation and final draft. All these steps involve analysis of the text, comparison with the source text, evaluation of the translation. On the first part of the text she presents ways of identifying the meaning components of lexical items of a language. (Meaning components form concepts, concepts form concept clusters and concept clusters form propositions). On the second part, she concentrates on grammatical structures and goes on to analyzing propositions that include simple concepts and others that include more complex concepts. These concepts, in many cases, will call the translator for rewording in order to find the best translation equivalent that represents the relations among the different parts of the whole proposition. The translator ought to recognize these concepts and also the importance of the illocutionary force of a proposition. From propositional clusters to semantic paragraphs to episode clusters we arrive at a discourse, so whatever analyses she proposes for a sentence or a paragraph is also valid for an episode and for a whole text. In a certain way, her work relates to the discoursive approach. It is important for a translator to know about the generic and specific relationships of words in order to find the precise equivalent, particularly, when dealing with a target language whose cultural context is very distant from the source language and he has to deal with concepts whose representation is not easily solved because of the difficulty in finding a proper equivalent. The translator has to establish a systematic contrast between the concepts involved in both cultures and has to decide the importance of the meaning to transfer. In that sense, Larson’s theory joins that of Newmark, who assigns different hierarchies of meaning within a text, from the most important to the least important. And as he does, she discusses also the complexity of translating figurative senses and connotative meanings. Larson goes even further onto the

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    dari 7

    BUDAYA &

    PENTERJEMAHAN
    Menurut perintis bidang antropologi
    kebudayaan, EB Taylor (1871) dalam
    bukunya Primitive Culture
    ,budaya ditakrifkan dalam sebagai
    kesatuan yang amat kompleks. Budaya
    ditakrifkan sebagai sesuatu yang
    merangkumi segala ilmu, kepercayaan,
    nilai-nilai, perlambangan serta kebendaan
    yang diwarisi oleh ahli sesebuah
    masyarakat.

    BUDAYA &
    PENTERJEMAHAN

    Hubungan Budaya dengan Penterjemahan


    Berdasarkan perspektif penterjemahan , faktor bahasa dan
    budaya saling berkait . Kenyataan ini pernah diungkapkan
    oleh Nida dalam bukunya Language, Culture and Translation.

    ...the role of language within a culture and the influence of


    the culture of the meanings of words and idioms are so
    pervasive that scarcely any text can be adequately
    understood without careful consideration of its cultural
    background.
    Nida, E. (1993). Language, culture, and translating.
    Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.

    BUDAYA
    Newmark (1988) mendefiniskan kebudayaan
    sebagai satu cara atau gaya hidup yang
    dimanifestasikan secara khusus oleh
    masyarakat tertentu yang menggunakan
    bahasa itu sebagai wadah untuk menyatakan
    pelbagai expressi.
    Pernyataan ini menjelaskan bahawa setiap
    bahasa mempunyai ciri-ciri kebudayaan yang
    tersendiri dan hal ini diklasifikasikan oleh
    Newmark (1988:95) ke dalam 5 bahagian

    KLASIFIKASI BUDAYA NEWMARK


    (1988)
    Bahan
    Budaya/A
    rtifak

    Ekologi

    Organisa
    sisi Adat
    Tatacara

    Budaya
    Sosial

    Gerak
    laku dan
    tabiat

    KLASIFIKASI BUDAYA NEWMARK


    (1988)

    KLASIFIKASI
    BUDAYA
    NEWMARK
    (1988)

    BUDAYA KEBENDAAN
    -Ekologi
    -Budaya Sosial
    -Organisasi,Adat
    ,Aktiviti,Tatacara, Konsep
    - Gerak Laku

    BUDAYA NONKEBENDAAN
    Bahan Budaya
    atau Artifak

    Budaya Kebendaan Material


    (Bahan Budaya Atau Artifak)
    Menurut Newmark (1998)merujuk kepada bahan-bahan yang
    tercipta dalam lingkungan kebendaan seperti barang
    kegunaan dan pera atan yang menggambarkan ciri-ciri
    masyarakat yang mewujudkannya
    Benda yang dimaksudkan ini termasuklah makanan, pakaian ,
    tempat tinggal, peralatan dan sebagainya.
    Menurut Getis et al (1994) , budaya artifak adalah perkaitan
    antara sesebuah masyarakat dengan sistem teknologi yang
    mencipta sejumlah objek material atau kebendaan yang
    digunakan dalam kehidupan manusia.Antara artifak tersebut
    ialah alat-alat senjata, makanan, pakaian ,perumahan dan
    sebagainya.

    (Bahan Budaya Atau Artifak dalam


    Hairy Porter Chamber of Secretz
    Tempat

    Manusia

    Makanan

    Pakaian

    Kendera
    an

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